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Tepelné chování a energetická náročnost nízkoenergetické administrativní budovy / Thermal behavior and energy demands of low-energy office buildingsPichová, Lenka January 2014 (has links)
The thesis deals with energy intensity of a low energy office building. In the thesis, em-phasis is put especially on the calculation of energy consumption for heating (cooling). The energy intensity of the building is determined and evaluated by four methods of calculation, which are compared with a valid certificate of energy performance of the building, which arose at the time of its construction. In the experimental part of the the-sis, the energy intensity of the building is compared to the actual energy consumption obtained by two experimental measurements in heating season 2012/2013. (The building is operating partly only). Different methods of solutions and valid legal regulations are elaborated in detail in the first part of the thesis.
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Sportovní a společenské centrum-rekonstrukce / Sports and social centre - reconstructionŠtěpančík, Ondřej January 2016 (has links)
This thesis solves reconstruction of the community center in the village Částkov where work was the subject of energy-efficient and adapt the layout of buildings a new purpose use. It is designed thermal insulation of the building envelope, exchanging heat source with respect to the use of renewable energy and static security buildings in the form of newly built ceiling construction of the supporting steel rolled profiles and reinforced concrete slabs. The building will serve the public amenities and is necessary to ensure barrier-free movement of people into the building and inside it. The second part is to solve the surrounding buildings. It is designed multifunctional sports and sports areas of social security. The basis for the development of the scientific literature, technical standards, regulations and current studies at the Faculty of Civil Engineering.
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Vliv zdrojů tepla na mikroklima vnitřního prostoru / The influence of heat sources to microclimate in indoors spaceJanková, Martina January 2017 (has links)
This master thesis with the influence of heat sources to microclimate in indoor space. The aim of the thesis was to make the calculations of the dynamic behavior in indoor space and suggest ventilation systems for exhaust heat load. for found values. In the practical part of the thesis, individual systems are describing and then they are valorizing in accordance with energy intensity and thermal comfort.
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Snižování energetické náročnosti procesu profesní údržby prádla / Energy Intensity Reduction of a Professional Laundry Care ProcessBobák, Petr January 2014 (has links)
Doctoral thesis deals with professional laundry care process and reduction of energy intensity and use of other operational commodities used in the process. Professional laundry care process is a specific energy intensive process; its purpose is to re-establish original properties of the now dirty laundry so that it may fulfil its functions again. This is basically a recycling and regeneration process comprising many sub-operations. Key operation is washing of the laundry in a washing bath, which removes impurities from the laundry. This thesis describes the most common technology of impurities removal, which is washing in a hot washing bath in cooperation with mechanical work and detergents. However, all of the described procedures may also be applied on alternative technologies, such as ozone washing, washing with low-temperature enzymes and ultrasound. Water is applied in all these technologies as a soaking agent. Water must have appropriate properties and must be removed from the laundry after the washing process in subsequent operations (drying, ironing, and pressing). Theoretical introduction of the thesis describes professional laundry care process in detail, and continues with mathematical modelling of the process and its main sub-operations (washing, drying) using mass and heat balance, and data acquisition and their application in research and development. Thesis further describes design of information system on the basis of relational database controlled by web application. This system enables to organize data and information from various sources – measured experimental data, data concerning measurement devices, operational records of machines, etc. Thesis further proposes how to evaluate and reduce energy intensity of a process. Descriptions are validated by examples and case studies. Key section of the thesis is a chapter describing experimental infrastructure. This infrastructure integrates several instalments of laundry equipment and is a fully functional operation of industrial laundry facility with 500kg/shift capacity, which serves as a model of energy intensive process. Sophisticated infrastructure and data acquisition system allows measuring wide spectrum of physical entities and examining factors influencing energy intensity of processes, and relationships between these factors as well as effectiveness of various savings measures in real life facilities. Read more
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Ermittlung der Energieeffizienz in der Tierhaltung am Beispiel der MilchviehhaltungKraatz, Simone 10 June 2009 (has links)
Die steigende Verknappung der Ressourcen bei stetigem Bevölkerungswachstum und der sich vollziehende Klimawandel erfordern Nachhaltigkeit in allen Ebenen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es eine allgemein anwendbare Methode zur Energiebilanzierung in der Tierhaltung am Beispiel der Milchviehhaltung zu entwickeln und darauf aufbauend Indikatoren zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit des Energieeinsatzes im Milchproduktionsverfahren zu ermitteln. Anhand eines theoretischen Standardverfahrens der Milchproduktion wird eine Energieintensität von 3,54 MJ zur Herstellung von einem kg Milch bei einer definierten Einzeltierleistung von 8.000 kg Milch Kuh-1 Jahr-1 berechnet. Hierbei wird der kumulierte Energieaufwand (KEA) komplett dem Zielprodukt Milch zugeordnet. Stark beeinflussbar ist die Energieintensität durch die Fütterungsgestaltung, wobei beispielsweise ein steigender Kraftfutteranteil in der Ration die Energieintensität erhöht. Die Analyse der Daten von zwei Praxisbetrieben bestätigen die Ergebnisse. Aufgrund der Kuppelproduktentstehung in der Milchviehhaltung werden unterschiedliche Allokationsmethoden des KEA der Milchproduktion auf die einzelnen Produkte entwickelt und diskutiert. Die ermittelte Vorzugsmethode empfiehlt folgende Allokation des KEA auf die vier Kuppelprodukte: 59 % des KEA wird dem Zielprodukt Milch zugeordnet, 18 % der Schlachtkuh, 2 % dem Kalb und 21% den Exkrementen. Die Durchführung einer Fehlerfolgeabschätzung zeigt, dass Einzelunsicherheiten aufgrund der Vielzahl der einfließenden Parameter in der Energiebilanzierung der Milchproduktion nur geringen Einfluss auf den KEA haben. Der Einfluss von Verfahrensänderungen durch betriebs- und managementbedingte Entscheidungen auf den KEA ist bedeutend höher. Als geeigneter Indikator zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit des Energieeinsatzes in der Tierhaltung wurde die Energieintensität ermittelt. Diskussionswertebereiche für die Energieintensität wurden definiert. / The scarcity of resources, the progressive growth of population and the climate change require sustainability in all levels of the agricultural production. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the development of a method for a generally accepted way of balancing energy in livestock husbandry at the example of dairy farming. Afterwards sustainability indicators were determined for the assessment of the sustainable use of energy in dairy farming. For a defined standard procedure which includes an animal performance of 8.000 kg milk cow-1 year-1, an energy intensity of 3.54 MJ per kg milk is calculated.The investigations show that the CED in dairy farming is strongly affected by the composition of the diet. Increasing pasture in the diet decreases the CED while concentrate in the diet has a reverse effect. Data analyses concerning the energy intensity at two farms confirm the results of the calculations. Dairy farming is a multi-output process. For that reason the allocation of the cumulative energy demand on the different products is done within the scope of a life cycle inventory analysis. The preferable solution of the allocation divides the cumulative energy demand on the four co-products as follows: 59 % for the milk production, 18% for producing beef from the dairy cow, 2% for the calf and 21% for the excrements. An uncertainty analysis is done to verify the influence of single uncertainties on the results of the calculations. As result an uncertainty of ± 6 % of the CED of the standard procedure was calculated. This uncertainty of the calculation has a lower influence on the CED than management related decisions on the cultural practices e.g. diet compositions and service life of the cows. Energy intensity in livestock husbandry has been determined as a useful indicator and therefore a reasonable part of an indicator system for the examination of the sustainability of agricultural production procedures. Read more
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Energy efficiency in dairy cattle farming and related feed production in IranMaysami, Mohammadali 24 March 2014 (has links)
Umfang und Intensität der Milchviehhaltung nehmen immer weiter zu, dies gilt auch für den Iran. Das Ziel dieser Studie waren die Ermittlung und Bewertung der Energieeffizienz der Milchviehhaltung und Futterproduktion im nordwestlichen Iran. Daten wurden auf einem Futterbaubetrieb und auf 24 Milchviehbetrieben im nordwestlichen Iran erfasst. Es wurde eine Untersuchungsmethode erarbeitet, die auf der VDI-Richtlinie 4600 Kumulierter Energieaufwand (KEA) und dem ISO-Standard 14044 Umweltmanagement – Ökobilanz basiert. Die Energieintensität (EI) im Futter (in MJ kg-1 DM) lag bei 2,92 für Luzerne, bei 6,76 für Gerste, bei 9,19 für Mais, bei 12,36 für Raps, bei 2,45 für Frühjahrsmaissilage, bei 4,45 für Sommermaissilage und bei 4,35 für Weizen. Die EI der energiekorrigierten Milch (ECM) lag bei 5,84±0,69 MJ kg-1, bei einer Milchleistung von 6.585±1.221 kg ECM Kuh-1 Jahr-1. Die Futter waren die Hauptquelle des Energie-Inputs in die Milchproduktion, mit einem Anteil von 79%. Innerhalb der in den untersuchten Betrieben vorgefundenen Milchleistung (3.860-8.320 kg ECM Kuh-1 Jahr-1) verringerte sich die EI bei steigender Milchleistung (-0,36 MJ kg-1 ECM je +1.000 kg ECM Kuh-1 Jahr-1). Die Allokation des Energie-Inputs führte zu einem Anteil von 83% auf dem Milch, 2% auf den Fleisch und 15 % auf den Wirtschaftsdünger. Die EI des mit Bullen bis zu einer Körpermasse von 400 kg produzierten Schlachtfleisches lag bei 75,4±9,1 MJ kg-1, bei Fortführung der Mast bis zu 700 kg lag sie bei 103,8±11,4 MJ kg-1. Die EI bei ersetzten, geschlachteten Milchkühen bei 16,3 MJ kg-1 Fleisch lag. Die Kalkulation der EI auf Basis des Brennwert der Futter, führte zu einer EI in der Milchproduktion von 23,7±3,37 MJ kg-1 ECM und in der Erzeugung von Bullenfleisch (400 kg Körpermasse) 314±25 MJ kg-1. Das Energie Output-Input-Verhältnis (OIR) lag zwischen 2,03 MJ MJ-1 für Körnermais und 7,75 MJ MJ-1 für Frühjahrsmaissilage. Während OIR in der Milch 0,55 MJ MJ-1 und in der Fleisch 0,12 MJ MJ-1 betrug. / Dairy farming is increasing and becoming more intensive, attendant on higher energy inputs, also in Iran. The aim of this study was to estimate and assess the energy efficiency of dairy farming and the related feed production in north-western Iran. Data were gained from a com-pany producing feeds in north-western Iran, and from 24 dairy farms, also in north-western Iran for a period of three years. A method of investigation was devised based on the cumula-tive energy demand (CED) method introduced by VDI guideline 4600 and ISO standard 14044, which is used in life cycle assessment (LCA). The energy intensity (EI) in the feed production (in MJ kg-1 DM) was 2.92 for alfalfa, 6.76 for barley grain, 9.19 for maize corn, 12.36 for rapeseed, 2.45 for spring maize silage, 4.45 for summer maize silage and 4.35 for wheat grain. The EI for the energy corrected milk (ECM) was 5.84±0.69 MJ kg-1 with a ECM yield of 6,585±1,221 kg cow-1 yr-1. Feedstuff was the main source of energy input in milk production, with approximately 79% of the total energy input. The EI was decreasing with an increasing milk yield (-0.36 MJ kg-1 ECM per +1,000 kg ECM cow-1 yr-1), within the range of the milk yield found in the investigated farms (3,860-8,320 kg ECM cow-1 yr-1). The energy input was allocated to milk (83%), manure (15%) and meat (2%). The EI for boneless meat produced by bulls up to 400 kg body mass was 75.4±9.1 MJ kg-1 and produced by bulls up to 700 kg was 103.8±11.4 MJ kg-1. The allocated EI for meat of the replacing slaughtered cows was 16.3 MJ kg-1 of meat. By calculating the EI for milk production on the basis of the higher heating value (HHV) of feeds, it yielded in a mean EI of 23.7±3.37 MJ kg-1 ECM and an EI of 314±25 MJ kg-1 bull meat (400 kg body mass). Energy output input ratio (OIR) ranged between 2.03 MJ MJ-1 for maize corn and 7.75 MJ MJ-1 for spring maize silage production. While, in milk production OIR was 0.55 MJ MJ-1 and in meat production 0.12 MJ MJ-1. Read more
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Développement d’une méthode de méta modélisation des consommations énergétiques des bâtiments en fonction des facteurs d’usages et d’exploitation pour la garantie de résultat énergétique / Development of a metamodel for building energy consumption as a function of space use and HVAC systems operations factors for energy performance guaranteeNovel, Aymeric 07 January 2019 (has links)
À mesure que les performances intrinsèques des bâtiments s’améliorent, les usages énergétiques non réglementés, que nous associons à une notion d’intensité énergétique des usages, prennent de plus en plus d’importance dans le bilan des consommations des bâtiments. De plus, les bâtiments performants font apparaître des problématiques au niveau de l’exploitation des installations. Ces constats nous permettent d’affirmer qu’il est aujourd’hui important de proposer un cadre pour le suivi et l’optimisation de la sobriété énergétique des usages et l’exploitation performante pour la maîtrise des consommations énergétiques réelles des bâtiments. Cette thèse propose tout d’abord de développer des modèles polynomiaux de prédiction de la consommation énergétique tous usages en fonction des facteurs caractérisant l’intensité d’usage, la qualité d’usage et la qualité d’exploitation. Pour cela, nous utilisons le logiciel EnergyPlus afin de réaliser des simulations énergétiques dynamiques (SED) sur des valeurs de paramètres définis par la méthode des plans d’expérience D-optimaux. Le modèle polynomial créé permet alors d’effectuer, avec un faible temps de calcul, une propagation des incertitudes sur les consommations d’énergie calculées. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les données mesurées en exploitation dans le cadre de la mesure et de la vérification de la performance énergétique, associées à une incertitude concernant leur valeur. Nous pouvons alors déterminer l’incertitude globale sur les consommations énergétiques et identifier les pistes pour la réduire, permettant ainsi un meilleur suivi et encadrement de la consommation énergétique réelle. / Since building envelope and MEP systems characteristics regularly improve, the weight of non-regulatory energy end-uses increases. These energy end-uses are typically associated with tenants or owners’ activities. In addition, high performance buildings show new issues related to HVAC systems operations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and improve non-regulatory energy end-uses energy as well as HVAC systems operations efficiencies. We have developed polynomial energy models that can predict energy consumption as a function of building’s activities characteristics and HVAC systems operations factors. We used EnergyPlus software in order to build reliable energy models along with the D-optimum design of experiments method (DOE). Then, we used measurement and verification (M&V) data, associated with probability functions, to determine the associated uncertainty of the calculated energy consumption. Finally, we combine the latter with the polynomial modeling error to calculate the energy consumption global uncertainty, with the goal to identify strategies to reduce it. Read more
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Challenges of China’s sustainability : integrating energy, environment and health policies / Les défis de la soutenabilité en Chine : l'intégration des politiques de l'énergie, de l'environnement et de la santéYan, Huijie 06 December 2013 (has links)
Dans le but de faire face aux défis interdépendants en termes d’épuisement des ressources énergétiques, de dégradation environnementale et des préoccupations de santé publique dans le contexte chinois en réponse au développement durable, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude des politiques en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé en Chine. Dans le chapitre 1, nous donnons un aperçu des politiques chinoises en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé au cours des 20 dernières années afin de connaître les orientations politiques futures auxquelles le gouvernement n'a pas donné une attention suffisante. Dans les trois chapitres suivants, nous proposons une série d'études empiriques afin de tirer quelques implications politiques utiles. Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions l'impact de l'urbanisation, de l'adaptation de la structure industrielle, du prix de l'énergie et de l'exportation sur les intensités énergétiques agrégés et désagrégés des provinces. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions les facteurs qui expliquent la transition énergétique vers des combustibles propres des ménages ruraux. Dans le chapitre 4, nous examinons les effets conjoints des risques environnementaux, du revenu individuel, des politiques de santé sur l'état de santé des adultes chinois. En particulier, nos résultats empiriques suggèrent d’intégrer le développement urbain dans la stratégie d'économies d'énergie; de considérer des substitutions/complémentarités complexes parmi les sources d'énergie et entre l'énergie et l’alimentation pour les ménages ruraux; d’aligner les politiques environnementales, énergétiques et alimentaires avec les politiques de santé. / With the purpose of coping with the intertwined challenges of energy depletion, environmental degradation and public health concerns in the Chinese-specific context in response to sustainable development, we focus on investigating China’s energy, environment and health policies. In chapter 1, we provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 20 years in order to know about the future policy directions to which the government has not given a sufficient attention. In the following three chapters, we provide a series of empirical studies so as to derive some useful policy implications. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of urbanization, industrial structure adjustment, energy price and export on provincial aggregate and disaggregate energy intensities. In chapter 3, we study the factors explaining the switches from dirty to clean fuel sources in rural households. In chapter 4, we examine the joint effects of environmental hazards, individual income and health policies on the health status of Chinese adults. Our empirical findings particularly suggest integrating urban development into the strategy of energy saving; considering the complex substitutions/complementarities among energy sources and between energy and food for rural households; aligning the environment, energy and food policies with health policies. Read more
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Energetický systém a energetická politika ČR v mezinárodních souvislostech / The energy system and the energy policy of the Czech Republic in the international contextHanzlíková, Helena January 2010 (has links)
The economic level of the individual states, the community and the global economy depends on reliable activity and the results of individual economic sectors and subsectors, including all participants in this process. From the entire spectrum of economic sectors the energy sector has been selected as the most important and critical infrastructure in the Czech Republic, the EU, and in the world. The selected energy sector subdivides into other subsectors: electricity, natural gas and oil. The work deals with the analysis of the above mentioned sectors, their fundamentals, stocks, consumption, equipment, resources, entities, price developments and potential risks. The aim of the work is to analyse the state of the energy resources in the Czech Republic, the EU, and in the world, including current and potential threats, to which the key infrastructures have to face.
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Zděný bytový dům / Masonry Block of FlatsŠotkovský, David January 2013 (has links)
This Master´s thesis is focused on block of flats project documentation, claims for fire safety and thermal and acoustic properties of structures. The brick building is detached and has three floors without basement. These floors are connected by a lift. The block of flats is based on the footings, external walls are insulated by a contact thermal insulation system. The tent roof is consists of truss in two levels. The building is designed for nine flats and one of these flats is wheelchair accessible. Truss design is also a part of the project.
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