Abstract Haier is considered one of the miracles in electronic appliances in the twentieth century. A company was with deficit of 1.47 million RMB in 1984 and became an international and global company with 72 billion RMB in 2002 and had the average growth rate of 80% in the last twenty years. Haier has such unique and distinctive resources which have made her outstanding among the competition and she presently becomes the biggest electronic appliance manufacturer in China. Also, Haier, already a multi-national enterprise, had rapidly moved up to the top 5 ranking of the major US appliances makers in 2003. Haier¡¦s management way is well accepted internationally and her achievement is adopted as a successful business model as well as a case study in Harvard University, IMD (Lausanne, Switzerland), Kobe University (Japan) as well as many other universities in the world. With the Chinese philosophy as a base plus the total quality management concepts continuously, Haier attracts the interest of University to study and also benchmark by the other corporations. This paper uses Haier as a typical example to describe her three phase developments: building brand name, diversifying products and going multinational approach. It also analyses how the philosophical thinking of Haier¡¦s president, Zhang Ruimin, affects on the enterprise culture establishment. Besides, this study identifies Haier¡¦s distinctive resources, which constitute and create her own competitive advantage to sustain the competitiveness in the market. In addition, the research adopts Rindova and Fombrun¡¦s competitive advantage model as a guide to generate a common systemic competitive advantage model with the consideration of human interactions. The overall objective of this paper is to construct a general competitive model that can provide the same or different enterprise as reference.

Theory of coaching, main theme of the thesis is nowadays a very important area in Sociology of management. This method of employee development and approach in management of organisations is described theoretically and differentiated form other methods of personal growth. When assessing management of organisations based on coaching the author expects that this approach will be used by the companies that build their culture on Freedom at work. Concept of Freedom at work as an unexplored trend in the Sociology of management is depicted theoretically and practically. Methodological part of the thesis describes qualitative and quantitative pilot research that the author conducted in Czech organisations that claim to use Freedom at work. Main goal of the research was comparison of theory Freedom at work and its praxis and evaluation of actual application of coaching approach in management. At the end of the thesis author depicts the most important milestones in the theory of leadership that influenced the origins of Freedom at work and coaching. Key words Coaching, Freedom at work. Leadership style, Empoyee development

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A realizaÃÃo da presente dissertaÃÃo foi motivada por uma preocupaÃÃo acerca das novas formas de estruturaÃÃo da subjetividade feminina, produzida com base na IndÃstria Cultural e na Publicidade, esta considerada como uma instÃncia simbÃlica, privilegiada, da sociedade de consumo contemporÃnea. Seu objeto de estudo consiste na investigaÃÃo dos significados psicossociais de publicidades dirigidas ao pÃblico feminino que privilegiam o empreendedorismo e o culto à velocidade mediante o discurso esportista e do consumo hedonista, como modelos de prescriÃÃo identitÃria. Para tal, discutiram-se alguns aspectos que propiciaram a emergÃncia da atividade cientÃfica e da racionalidade instrumental como porta-voz e portador de âmodernidadeâ, mas tambÃm, como instaurador de um modo de saber legitimado em nome do progresso a qualquer custo, e por isto, um poderoso veÃculo de dominaÃÃo. Com a finalidade de evidenciar os meios pelos quais a publicidade contemporÃnea à capaz de produzir subjetividades que podem redundar em dominaÃÃo ideolÃgica e reproduÃÃo de comportamentos consumistas, dedicou-se tambÃm parte deste estudo à discussÃo sobre a publicidade, sua funÃÃo, significado social e formas estratÃgicas de subordinaÃÃo do desejo à lÃgica do mercado. Adotou-se como eixo teÃrico-metodolÃgico o referencial da Teoria CrÃtica, da Escola de Frankfurt, alÃm de autores contemporÃneos tais como Birman, Costa, Lipovetsky , Lasch, Ehremberg, Kehl, Severiano, Aquino, Soares, dentre outros. A pesquisa empÃrica foi desenvolvida com suporte de uma coleta de peÃas publicitÃrias direcionadas ao pÃblico feminino nas revistas Womenâs Health e Vocà S/A entre os anos de 2011 e de 2013. Foram selecionadas peÃas publicitÃrias que expressam apelos ao sucesso profissional por meio do exercÃcio de mÃltiplos papÃis, ao esporte como facilitador de altas performances e ao consumo feito expressÃo de felicidade. Estes temas constituÃram nossas categorias de anÃlise, quais sejam: o discurso da felicidade, do empreendedorismo e da esportividade. Uma anÃlise qualitativa, de natureza teÃrico-crÃtica foi escolhida como estratÃgia metodolÃgica de exame dos referidos discursos, permitindo uma reflexÃo sobre a mercantilizaÃÃo dos atributos humanos. / The realization of this work was motivated by a concern about the new structuration forms of feminine subjectivity produced by the Culture Industry and Publicity, which are considered as a privileged symbolic instance of the contemporaneous consumer society. The object of study consists in the investigation of psychosocial meanings in publicities directed to the feminine public that privilege the enterprise culture and the cult of velocity through sports and hedonistic consumerism activities as models of identity prescription. To do so, some aspects that allowed the emergence of scientific activity and the instrumental rationality as âspokespersonâ and carrier of modernity were discussed but also as the establisher of a knowledge form legitimated in the name of progress at any cost, and because of that, a powerful mean of domination. With the intention of showing the means through which contemporaneous publicity is capable of producing subjectivity that may result in ideological domination and reproduction of consumerist behavior, part of this study was dedicated to the discussion on publicity, its function, social meaning and strategic forms of submitting human desire to the market logic. Critical Theory from Frankfurt School was adopted as the theoretical-methodological axis besides contemporaneous authors as Birman, Costa, Lipovetsky , Lasch, Ehremberg, Kehl, Severiano, Aquino, Soares, among others The empirical research was developed from the collection of publicity ads directed to the feminine public in Womenâs Health and Vocà SA magazines between 2011 and 2013. Publicity ads that express appeal to the professional success through the exercise of multiple roles, to the sport as facilitator of high-level performances and to the consumerism as expression of happiness were selected .These themes constituted the categories of analysis: the discourse of happiness, enterprise and sport. A qualitative analysis of theoretical-critical nature was chosen as methodological strategy of the cited discourses enabling reflection on the merchandising of human attributes.

This study set out to explore the ways in which non-STEM academics, working within UK universities that had positioned themselves publicly as ‘entrepreneurial’ institutions, interpret and negotiate the related concepts of the entrepreneurial academic and university. The entrepreneurial university concept has become a ubiquitous theme in higher education and policy literatures in recent decades, having been described variously as an ‘idea for its time’ (Shattock, 2010) and the ‘end-point of the evolution of the idea of the university’ (Barnett, 2010, p.i). This research set out to interrogate some of the key ways in which this institutional form, and the corresponding concept of the entrepreneurial academic, have been discursively constructed by advocates in the UK and beyond. Further to this, the study aimed to collect narratives of experience from non-STEM academics employed by self-described ‘entrepreneurial’ universities, both to enquire into how they interpreted the ‘entrepreneurial paradigm’, and to invite them to report on how they felt that their university’s assumption of an enterprise mission had, or had not, influenced its organisational ‘culture’ and their subjectively experienced academic work-lives. The researcher’s interest in the relationship between enterprise discourse and the organisational ‘culture’ of universities stemmed from the apparent consensus within the scholarly and policy literature about the need for universities to develop an integrated ‘entrepreneurial culture’ (Clark, 1998, p.7)(Gibb, 2006b, p.2)(Rae, Gee and Moon, 2009) by pursuing a policy of ‘organisational culture change’, with culture here denoting ‘the realm of ideas, beliefs, and asserted values’ (Kwiek, 2008, p.115) which inhere within institutions. To this end, a series of semi-structured, interpretive interviews were carried out with participants from a range of non-STEM disciplines, working in a variety of university types in the UK. The researcher then employed a discourse-analytic method to delineate some of the ‘discursive repertoires’ that participants used to account for their professional practices, and report on their experiences in - and understandings of - the entrepreneurial university. What emerged from this analysis was a complex picture of ‘enterprise discourse’ within the contemporary university setting, as well as a general tendency amongst participants to adopt a position of ontological scepticism where the issue of ‘university culture’ was concerned. Further to this, it was determined that the ‘inclusive’ interpretation of entrepreneurialism typically employed by advocates for the paradigm had not generally been taken up by participants, for whom it was, for the most part, a phenomenon associated variously with ‘managerialism’, ‘market values’, ‘the business agenda’, ‘income generation’, ‘money making’, and the figure of the ‘individual, lone, romantic, heroic capitalist’. Additionally, where subjects were conversant in broader, more ‘social’ conceptions of academic entrepreneurialism, they typically reported that it was rarely articulated in the internal communications of their respective universities.

國內企業在行銷活動上時常展現積極的作為，因為行銷活動往往和利潤有關，在生產面上較少系統化推動安全管理，始終想得多、做得少，對於建立安全管理機制亦無法如推動行銷活動般積極；反觀有的企業卻能夠兼顧安全與營業利潤，持續成長壯大；推究原因，影響因素有很多，但重點關鍵在於是否充分認識安全文化，並掌握推動安全管理文化的進程及方法。 企業文化是企業成功的關鍵因素(Key Success Factor) ，但是非常抽象、含糊，難以定義。而建立企業文化相較於擬定營運計畫或行銷計畫更加困難，因為營業利潤具有量化數字而企業文化較難量化，因此常被企業經營者忽略；企業文化始終無法有效建立。 綜合以上，有鑑於國內企業對建立安全文化的方法較為陌生，但是對於行銷方法卻運用嫻熟，本研究運用企業管理者所熟知的行銷策略架構，以內部行銷的角度歸納企業在不同的安全文化階段可執行的實務方法，協助管理者有效地與員工進行價值交換，塑造企業安全管理文化。 本研究擬以邱志聖教授著作之策略行銷分析 (2006) 一書中所探討的內隱交易成本作為組織內部行銷策略之基礎，配合 Ahmed & Rafiq 二位學者所著內部行銷 (2002) 一書為輔，結合杜邦公司二百年來的安全管理實務作為個案分析，以了解、評估及探索在不同的安全文化階段下，企業可以採取哪些內部行銷方法促使員工改變觀念與行為，並驗證不同的安全文化階段所使用之內部行銷策略也將不同。 本研究結合專家訪談及問卷調查進行實證研究，研究發現如下：『利用內部行銷策略可以提升員工對於安全文化的認識，減少個人對不安全行為的僥倖心理，進而融入企業安全文化，展現安全行為。』

M.A. Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / This research report documents diverse impressions and experiences, of and about the South African music industry in general and Moshito Music Conference and Exhibition in particular. Foregrounding the perspectives of black South African entrepreneurs that operate and own small businesses, the research enunciates how Moshito has come to embody an expression of the transition to democracy. Within a broader political, cultural and industrial context, the report captures anecdotes, observations and interviews with key interviewees and decision makers linked to Moshito, in addition to its dialogue with the interconnectedness of various social theories and concepts, and their relationship with industrial and government policy. Necessarily the research also engages literature concerned with cultural industries, music industry and development discourses.

The objectives, curriculum, pedagogy, teachers, and students are components of entrepreneurship education, perceived as challenges for its implementation and growth. Consequently, most research and discussions have focused on measures to improve them even though little is known about how they constrain entrepreneurship education. Not much is also known about any positive attributes they might have. This study sought to address this gap in literature by exploring the attributes of these educational components, and how they impacted on teaching and learning in a higher education institution in Ghana. Adopting the qualitative case study research approach, data was collected from two classroom sessions, 20 students, four teachers and a programme coordinator, using observation, focus groups and face to face interviews respectively. The study found the educational components had positive and negative attributes that impacted favourably and adversely on teacher decisions and behaviour, and on teaching and learning. The findings points to the need for a more holistic examination of the educational components by researchers and practitioners, to also focus on their merits, to help fashion out more effective and sustainable policies and strategies for entrepreneurship education. The study contribute to literature by shedding light on some merits of the educational components and how they enhance teaching and learning and support the aims of entrepreneurship education. Further research to replicate this study or aspects of it in other contexts and populations is recommended. / Educational Management and Leadership / Ph. D. (Education Management)

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