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This study focus on the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Education and Economic and Management Science learning area of curriculum 2005 constructs in order to determine whether EMS education can impact on the entrepreneurial orientation of learners. A brief overview is given to see how the EO construct has been described in academic literature at firm level as well as societal level. Entrepreneurship and education in schools are discussed with emphasis on what has been reported in the literature. Problems to make comparisons between countries are looked at and why it is important to have entrepreneurial education. A comparison is made between the enterprising skills, behaviour and attitudes mentioned by Gibb and the five dimensions of EO to determine common ground in teaching for EO. EO and education is also discussed. Education is seen as the independent variable to improve learners performance because it reaches the youth for many years and a tool to develop EO through a curriculum. The implicit role of culture is referred to and EO is seen as the mediator between the national culture and entrepreneurship. An attempt is made to develop an understanding of what should be included in EO learning mode to effectively convey the EO dimensions to the learner. Comparisons of the creative steps of Driver, knowledge skills of Fayolle and the business mode of Gibb were compared to teaching for the EO dimensions. Finally the results of an empirical study that was done to determine if the EO of learners that went through the EMS learning area of curriculum 2005 from grade 7-9 did change compared to a control group that did not go through the EMS learning area of curriculum 2005 from grade 7-9.The results reported that innovativeness and risk taking are affected by the EMS learning area of curriculum 2005. / Dissertation (MPhil (Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Business Management / unrestricted

In 1995 a Federal Government Report, Enterprising Nation: Renewing Australia?s Managers to Meet the Challenges of the Asia-Pacific Century (Karpin, 1995) was published. One of the key themes of this report was that "The "learning organisation" will be standard philosophy for many Australian enterprises and a major way they cope with change and turbulence. Managers will create conditions conducive to learning for both individuals and the enterprise as a whole, within and between groups, across individual business units and between enterprises and their external environments." There is a dearth of published literature internationally, not only on clubs and the degree to which they are learning organizations but organizations in general. A systematic search of the literature identified only one published report in which there was an in-depth exploration of an organization to determine if it was a learning organization. Therefore, this study has a dual purpose. Firstly, it provides an in-depth study of a specific industry; and secondly it helps to fill a knowledge gap in the study of organizations. This study has used as its theoretical framework Marquardt?s (2002) learning organization model to determine the extent to which the characteristics of the learning organization are perceived to apply to a group of clubs in a regional area of Australia. The study has used a survey method utilising the Learning Organization Profile (LOP) questionnaire developed by Marquardt (1996) and validated by Griego, Geroy and Wright (2000) and interviews with the CEOs and Human Resource Managers from four clubs. The LOP was distributed to permanent staff working in these clubs resulting in 36% of the LOPs being returned. Statistical analysis of the returned LOPs indicated that the clubs had not adopted the characteristics of the learning organization to any great extent. The clubs divided into two groups. The perceptions of staff from two clubs were that the clubs had adopted learning organization characteristics to a minor extent. The perceptions of staff from the other two clubs was that the two clubs had adopted learning organization characteristics to a moderate extent. In all cases the pattern of perceptions of staff represented differences of degree rather than fundamental differences. When the data obtained from the managers were examined, managers perceptions were that the clubs had adopted the characteristics of a learning organization to a moderate extent. These results compare favourably with the results of the Byers study (1999), which found that the perceptions of senior managers in Australian organizations were that the characteristics of a learning organization applied to a moderate extent. The perceptions of non-managers were that the characteristics applied to a minor extent. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that there were no significant differences between managers and non-managers, with the differences being in the degree rather than there being any fundamental differences.

[pt] Com base na premissa que lideranças empreendedoras, para lidar com as demandas num ambiente complexo, precisam ser resilientes, isto é, precisam estar preparadas para enfrentar, vencer e sair fortalecidas das experiências de adversidade; este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como as características de resiliência individual favoreceram o sucesso empresarial. Para isto, foi feito um estudo exploratório com base nos pilares e fatores de resiliência individual, definidos por Conner (1995), Ojeda (1997), Wagnild E Young (2011), Connor- Davidson (2003) e Sabbag (2010), e entrevistas em profundidade com uma amostra de empresários cariocas, considerados expoentes nos seus respectivos setores de atividade, que receberam o prêmio RIO mais EMPREENDEDOR de 2011 do LIDE Rio e da Agência Rio Negócios. Os principais resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as características de resiliência estão presentes em todas as lideranças empreendedoras entrevistadas, e que tem os seguintes denominadores comuns nos seus comportamentos e práticas: se orientam pela oportunidade diante da adversidade, entendem a mudança como uma vantagem que deve ser explorada e não evitada, têm senso de humor e flexibilidade diante dos desafios, buscam a obtenção de suporte dos outros na vida pessoal e profissional, e possuem a base dos demais pilares – auto estima e auto confiança. / [en] Based upon the assumption that the condition for entrepreneurial leadership to cope with the demands of a complex environment is the need for them to be resilient, i.e., the necessity to be prepared to face, overcome, and come out strengthened from adverse experiences, this study has aimed to analyze how the characteristics of individual resilience have favored business success. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted based upon the pillars and factors of individual resilience defined by Conner (1995), Ojeda (1997), Wagnild AND Young (2011), Connor-Davidson (2003) and Sabbag (2010), in addition to in-depth interviews with sampling of Rio de Janeiro businessmen, who are deemed as examples or models to be followed in their respective industries and received the RIO plus EMPREENDEDOR award 2011 from LIDE RIO and Agência Rio Negócios. The main research findings suggest that traits of resilience are present in all entrepreneurial leaders interviewed who have the following common denominators in their behaviors and practices: they are opportunity-oriented in times of adversity, understand change as an advantage which ought to be exploited rather than avoided, have a sense of humor and flexibility when faced with challenges, seek to obtain support from others for their personal and professional life, and possess the fundaments for the other pillars, namely selfesteem and self-reliance.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como propósito identificar as barreiras que afetam a transformação de um agricultor familiar em um empreendedor rural. As vivências no setor têm mostrado que alguns agricultores familiares, inseridos no mesmo contexto social que outros, vêm conseguindo desenvolver a sua produção de forma plena. Estas experiências desmistificam a premissa de que a agricultura familiar é basicamente uma agricultura de subsistência, voltada única e exclusivamente para o consumo da família. Para a coleta de dados foi associada uma pesquisa documental dos inúmeros estudos sobre empreendedorismo e perfil do empreendedor a um trabalho de campo realizado nos municípios de Chapecó (RS) e Constantina (RS). Foram efetuadas 14 entrevistas semi-estruturadas em uma amostra intencional, aleatória, por conveniência de dois grupos distintos: agricultores familiares e empreendores rurais, sendo ambos associados à Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Intenção Solidária - CRESOL Central SC/RS. A análise qualitativa dos dados extraídos desta pesquisa buscou compreender as características, os comportamentos, os valores, as crenças e as práticas culturais do agricultor familiar e do empreendedor rural. Neste trabalho, foi possível identificar que, apesar dos grupos terem apresentado características como autoconfiança, persistência e alto nível de energia, as barreiras para o empreendedorismo rural estavam associadas à ausência de características como liderança, capacidade de assumir riscos e inovação. / [en] This dissertation aims at identifying which barriers affect the transformation of a family farmer into a rural entrepreneur. In this sector, experience has shown that some family farmers who are inserted into the same social context of other ones, have succeeded in developing their own production fully. These experiences demystify the premise that family agriculture is basically subsistence farming, used only for their own consumption. In order to collect data, a documentary research on several studies of entrepreneurship and the profile of an entrepreneur was associated to a field work carried out in two cities: Chapecó, in Santa Catarina, and Constantina, in Rio Grande do Sul. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were realized in an intentional, random sample with convenience of two distinct groups: family farmers and rural entrepreneurs, both associated to the Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Intenção Solidária (CRESOL Central SC/RS). The qualitative data analysis, which was taken from this research, searched for understanding the characteristics, behaviors, values, beliefs and cultural practices of the family farmer and also, the rural entrepreneur. In this work, it was possible to identify that, although the fact of having some groups presented characteristics such as self-confidence, persistence and high energy level; the barriers to the rural entrepreneurship were associated to the absence of characteristics like leadership, risk taking and innovativeness.

[pt] A indústria de software no Brasil, apesar de considerada prioritária e estratégica nas políticas de incentivo do governo, têm apresentado dificuldades para se firmar no cenário internacional. Entretanto, algumas empresas se sobressaem, gerando interesse tanto do meio acadêmico quanto do empresarial pela evolução do processo de internacionalização dessas firmas. No intuito de investigar esse fato, o presente trabalho teve como escopo analisar a trajetória de internacionalização de uma empresa de software líder no Brasil, sendo selecionada para tal a empresa Totvs. O estudo realiza uma revisão da literatura, apresentando os desenvolvimentos teóricos recentes a respeito de internacionalização de empresas, abrangendo duas teorias de internacionalização: Teoria de Uppsala e a Teoria do Empreendedorismo Internacional. O método escolhido para concretização da pesquisa foi o Estudo de Caso, tendo utilizados dados primários (entrevista) e secundários (livro sobre a empresa, informações da internet, notícias publicadas na imprensa e documentos da empresa). Os resultados indicaram que o sucesso da estratégia de internacionalização da Totvs está primordialmente atrelado a dois fatores: (i) às características empreendedoras de seus dirigentes e (ii) não por acaso, ao rápido movimento estratégico de internacionalização por parte da empresa quando se deparou com mudanças ambientais na economia local (em particular, a abertura do mercado brasileiro à concorrência internacional). O estudo também aponta que, embora a Totvs tenha iniciado o processo de forma pouco estruturada, a empresa soube aprender com os erros e com o passar do tempo criou um processo bem sucedido de escolha de entrada em outros países. / [en] The software industry in Brazil, although considered within the priority and strategic government policies to encourage the sector, has presented difficulties to stand in the international arena. However, some companies stand out, creating attention on the process of evolution of internationalization of these firms in both academic and business arenas. In order to investigate this fact, the scope of this study was to analyze the trend of internationalization of a leading software company in Brazil, being selected for such the company Totvs. The study included a literature review, presenting recent theoretical developments concerning the internationalization of companies, including two theories of internationalization: the Uppsala Theory and the Theory of International Entrepreneurship. The method chosen to implement the survey was the case study, having used primary data (interviews) and secondary data (book about the company, information from the Internet, press reports and company documents). The results indicated that the success of the internationalization strategy of Totvs is tied primarily to two factors: (i) the entrepreneurial characteristics of its directors and (ii) not by chance, the rapid strategic movement towards internationalization done by the company when it came across environmental changes in the local economy (in particular, the opening of the market to international competition). The study also points out that although Totvs have started the process in a loosely structured way, the company was able to learn from mistakes and over time have created a successful process of entry choice into other countries.

To ascertain potential ecological and landowner benefits of non-conventional agricultural systems, this project was designed to monitor cattle production and mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) utilization of land areas that allowed grazing cattle to harvest corn planted with no-till methods. In 2005-2008, study sites were located in four counties of MS, including four steer/heifer-grazed and harvested corn fields (SHS) and four conventionally-managed and combine-harvested corn fields (CHS). Vegetation characteristics, residual grain quantities, and use by doves were measured on SHS and CHS. Steer average daily gains (ADG), quality grades, and feedlot days were compared to traditional cattle production methods. Mourning dove numbers were greater on SHS than CHS during all study years and site locations (F=37.19, df=1, P=0.001). Biomass of residual corn kernels on the soil surface was greater on SHS compared to CHS in the fall (t=7.22, df=8, P= 0.001). Percentage coverage of grasses and forbs was greater in SHS than CHS in fall following harvest of corn with grass/forbs coverage being >10% in SHS and <5% in CHS. Throughout all seasons, percentage of bare ground was greater on CHS (50% - 80%) compared to SHS (1%-13%). Among average daily gains of grassed, corn-grazed, and feedlot fed cattle, a significant difference was detected (x2 = 8.45, df = 2, P = 0.002). Corn-grazed ADG was greater than bermudagrass-grazed but less than MS steers in the feedlot. Comparing conventionally-produced cattle of comparable characteristics to corned cattle used in my study, a significant decrease in feedlot days (Z =-1.83, P = 0.033) with no difference in quality grades of meat (Z = -0.65, P = 0.256) in no-till corn-grazed cattle was indicated. After offsetting costs of field preparation, fencing, and cattle maintenance, landowners using this production system can potentially increase income by at least $450/ha from fee/lease of corn fields for hunting and production of quality beef cattle.

Orientador: Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior / Resumo: A inclusão da universidade na díade indústria e governo tem se mostrado eficiente ao criar um ecossistema de inovação e empreendedorismo, apresentando soluções baseadas em conhecimento para os desafios socioeconômicos. Para isso, o aluno precisa se submeter a situações semelhantes ao que enfrentará na prática, para aprender solucionar problemas sob pressão interagindo com seus pares ou terceiros, aproveitar oportunidades, se inspirar e referenciar com as experiências de outros empreendedores, além de aprender com os próprios erros por meio do feedback de clientes. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi desenvolver um guia de expressões para cientistas empreendedores que será disponibilizado on line por meio de um aplicativo para uso em diferentes plataformas e dispositivos. Parte das expressões foi listada de acordo com a experiência acadêmica e profissional dos autores, enquanto que outras foram sugeridas por profissionais da área de gestão e tecnologia, além das que surgiram com o decorrer do processo de análise bibliográfica. Todas elas foram referenciadas a partir de artigos científicos publicados em revistas eletrônicas, repositórios acadêmicos, sites de órgãos reguladores, agências promotoras e entidades de classes profissionais. O aplicativo que dá formato ao guia foi desenvolvimento pela equipe do Núcleo de Educação a Distância e Tecnologias da Informação em Saúde - NEAD.TIS da FMB/UNESP. Foi utilizado o acrônimo de Guia de Empreendedorismo para Cientistas Empreendedores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Inclusion of universities in the industry-government dyad has been showing itself efficient in creating an innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystem, presenting knowledge-based solutions for socioeconomic challenges. For such, students are required to experience situations comparable to those they are going to go through in practice, and then learn how to solve problems under pressure while collaborating with peers and third-parties, seizing opportunities, getting inspired and relating to the experiences of other entrepreneurs, as well as learning with their own mistakes though client feedback. The aim of the present study was to develop a guide of expressions for entrepreneur scientists, which will be made available online through an app accessible from various platforms and devices. Part of the expressions were listed according to the authors‟ academic and professional experience, while others were suggested by professionals of the field of management and technology, along with others that arouse from the process of bibliographical analysis. All of those were referenced from scientific papers published in digital journals, academic repositories, as well as websites of regulatory organs, promoting agencies and professional class entities. The app that shapes the guide was developed by the Center for Distance Education and Information Technology for Health (Núcleo de Educação a Distância e Tecnologias da Informação em Saúde - NEAD.TIS), at the State University of São Paulo – U... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

<p>This study puts special attention on how family businesses can create a unique context for entrepreneurship through its internal resources and how they can create wealth across gen-erations. These internal resources are called “familiness” that is generated by the interaction of the family and individual family members with the business. In order for the family business to be transgenerational (to create wealth across generations), they must develop their familiness and the culture must encourage family firms to be constantly involved in entrepreneurial activities.</p><p>In this thesis, the internal resources of a family firm were analyzed in order to help the company understand the requirements of a transgenerational business. The familiness that were assessed in the family business are, as suggested by Habbershon (2006), network, tacit knowledge, access to financial capital, decision making, business portfolio, mentoring rela-tionship, and culture.</p><p>As a result of the analysis, we conclude that the family firm has a positive bundle of famili-ness that can be used in order for the company to be more entrepreneurial. However, it is not enough to have a positive bundle of familiness that could encourage entrepreneurship; but also, the family members should have the psychological predisposition to allocate re-sources in the hope of finding entrepreneurial gain (Penrose, 1959).</p><p>This study ends up with the recommendations that are useful in order to understand the requirements of a transgenerational family business.</p>

[pt] Este trabalho investiga o problema de consumo do produtor rural de baixa renda a partir das limitações estabelecidas pelo mercado. Considera o conceito de empreendedorismo no trabalho da produção rural, sua aplicação dentro da cadeia produtiva desde a concepção do negócio rural até a venda final. Tem especificamente como objetivos: (i) analisar se o produtor rural de baixa renda é um empreendedor, com base nos conceitos de Prahalad (2005) e nos significados sinalizados pela verificação das práticas empresariais por ele desenvolvidas e (ii) identificar as influências do mercado no consumo domiciliar e consumo para produção rural da família de baixa renda a partir da ótica do marketing rural. Focalizando o município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, o estudo recorta as peculiaridades regionais de comportamento, atitude e hábitos de consumo desse mercado a partir de entrevistas com 11 famílias de produtores. Os resultados apontam para oportunidades de mercado, públicas e privadas, para estratégias, tanto da produção rural em áreas de baixa renda como para o setor empresarial e público. Ao mesmo tempo, ressaltam a desigualdade do pequeno produtor dentro da rede de produção rural na qual ele se insere, as barreiras à comercialização e as práticas empresariais ineficientes. Ao final discute as flutuações de consumo decorrentes das irregularidades do fluxo de produção. / [en] Este trabalho investiga o problema de consumo do produtor rural de baixa renda a partir das limitações estabelecidas pelo mercado. Considera o conceito de empreendedorismo no trabalho da produção rural, sua aplicação dentro da cadeia produtiva desde a concepção do negócio rural até a venda final. Tem especificamente como objetivos: (i) analisar se o produtor rural de baixa renda é um empreendedor, com base nos conceitos de Prahalad (2005) e nos significados sinalizados pela verificação das práticas empresariais por ele desenvolvidas e (ii) identificar as influências do mercado no consumo domiciliar e consumo para produção rural da família de baixa renda a partir da ótica do marketing rural. Focalizando o município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, o estudo recorta as peculiaridades regionais de comportamento, atitude e hábitos de consumo desse mercado a partir de entrevistas com 11 famílias de produtores. Os resultados apontam para oportunidades de mercado, públicas e privadas, para estratégias, tanto da produção rural em áreas de baixa renda como para o setor empresarial e público. Ao mesmo tempo, ressaltam a desigualdade do pequeno produtor dentro da rede de produção rural na qual ele se insere, as barreiras à comercialização e as práticas empresariais ineficientes. Ao final discute as flutuações de consumo decorrentes das irregularidades do fluxo de produção.