Cette recherche étudie l’impact de la distance sur le choix du mode d’entrée à l’étranger. La revue de la littérature révèle l’intérêt accordé au concept de distance et plus précisément aux dimensions psychique et culturelle de la distance. Toutefois, ce concept fait objet de controverses concernant sa conceptualisation et son opérationnalisation. Les études antérieures ont tenté d’expliquer le choix du mode d’entrée par la distance culturelle. Les résultats s’avèrent hétérogènes et peu concluants. Ce travail tente d’apporter des réponses et d’éclaircir l’ambiguïté identifiée dans la littérature en adoptant une approche multidimensionnelle de la distance. Fondée sur la grille d’analyse proposée par Ghemawat (2001), cette recherche développe des hypothèses relatives aux différentes dimensions de la distance (distances culturelle, administrative, géographique, économique). Ces hypothèses sont testées sur un échantillon de 203 opérations de rapprochement effectuées par des entreprises françaises avec des partenaires localisés dans le monde entier. Les résultats de l’étude empirique montrent que la distance nationale influence le choix du mode de rapprochement (coopération versus fusion-acquisition). Ils révèlent que, dans le cas des entreprises françaises, les dimensions administrative et économique jouent un rôle prépondérant lors du choix du mode de rapprochement à l’étranger, contrairement aux distances culturelle et géographique. / This research examines the impact of distance on the choice of foreign market entry modes. The literature review highlights the interest given to the concept of distance and more specifically to psychic and cultural dimensions of distance. Nonetheless, this concept is controversial regarding its conceptualization and operationalization. Previous studies have sought to explain the choice of entry mode mainly by cultural distance. The results are heterogeneous and inconclusive. This research attempts to provide answers and clarification to the ambiguity identified in the literature by adopting a multidimensional approach to distance. Based on the framework proposed by Ghemawat (2001), this study develops several hypotheses concerning the different dimensions of distance (cultural, administrative, geographic and economic distances). These hypotheses are tested on a sample of 203 interfirm linkages conducted by French companies with partners located around the world. The results of the empirical study show that the national distance influences the choice of alliance mode (cooperation versus merger-acquisition). In the case of French companies, the findings indicate that administrative and economic dimensions play an essential role in the choice of foreign market alliance mode, contrary to cultural and geographic distances.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-15T17:32:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Menezes.pdf: 1929958 bytes, checksum: 3d3899ff8ea4eb98f9fe72636a11064c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T17:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Menezes.pdf: 1929958 bytes, checksum: 3d3899ff8ea4eb98f9fe72636a11064c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / Devido ao crescente movimento de investimento externo direto das empresas brasileiras nas últimas décadas, optou-se por desenvolver um estudo sobre esse fenômeno. Para Morschett, Schramm-Klein e Swoboda (2010), apesar de muitas décadas de pesquisa de fato não se sabe ao certo quais são as variáveis que determinam a decisão de modo de entrada no exterior. Fato que afeta também as empresas brasileiras, pois pouco se sabe sobre o impacto das variáveis que determinam a decisão do modo de entrada. Esta dissertação é um estudo de caso qualitativo descritivo no qual foi pesquisada a Companhia Providência S.A., uma empresa brasileira fabricante de falso tecido que, através de sua estratégia de internacionalização, exporta para diversos países do mundo. A Companhia Providência em 2011 realizou seu primeiro investimento externo direto tipo greenfield nos Estados Unidos. O estudo do processo de expansão internacional da Companhia Providência S.A., verificou os fatores determinantes na decisão de investimento externo direto nos Estados Unidos e analisou este fenômeno sob a ótica de várias das teorias de internacionalização presentes na literatura. Como método de investigação, realizou-se um estudo de caso tipo descritivo de uma empresa de origem brasileira, que decide realizar investimento externo direto nos Estados Unidos. A coleta de dados foi através de múltiplas fontes de evidência como: entrevistas, pesquisa documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e observação direta. Em seguida, foi realizada a revisão teórica do tema e desenvolveu-se a análise dos dados e a construção do relatório final. A partir de três correntes teóricas de internacionalização: Escola de Upssala, Paradigma Eclético e Empreendedorismo Internacional foi identificada a convergência entre as teorias e o caso. Ainda foi identificado diversos fatores internos e externos à Companhia Providência que determinaram o investimento externo direto, sendo estes: (1) mercado de grandes proporções que inclusive acessa o bloco NAFTA; (2) oportunidade de mercado emergente em mercado maduro, no segmento de fraldas adulto nos Estados Unidos; (3) disponibilidade dos fatores de produção no país hospedeiro, por se tratar de um polo de fabricação de nãotecido; (4) baixa distância cultural entre os dirigentes da empresa no que se refere a cultura, idioma, gestão e método de produção; (5) mercado de falso tecido no Brasil e América Latina com super capacidade; (6) experiência internacional dos gestores para realizar a operação; (7) know-how na produção de nãotecido; (8) vantagem de recursos, pois obtinha máquina de alta tecnologia; (9) know-how na homologação da planta; (10) motivação estratégica de estar próximo ao cliente para desenvolvimento de inovação em produto. Finalmente, foram sugeridos fatores que podem ser analisados pela empresa em futuras expansões da Companhia Providência. / Due to the growing movement of foreign direct investment by Brazilian companies in the recent decades, it was decided to develop a study on this phenomenon. For Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Swoboda (2010), despite many decades of research in fact no one knows for sure what are the variables that determine the decision of the entering mode abroad.This fact also affects Brazilian companies, because little is known about the impact of the variables that determine the decision of entering mode. This dissertation is a descriptive qualitative case study in which the Company Providencia S.A. was studied. This company is a Brazilian producer of non-woven fabric which through its strategy of internationalization is exporting to several countries. The Company Providencia held in 2011 its first greenfield foreign direct investment in the United States. The study of the process of international expansion the Company Providencia S.A. verified the determining factors in the decision of foreign direct investment in the United States and analyzed this phenomenon from the perspective of various theories of internationalization in the literature. As method of investigation, it was performed a case study descriptive type of a company of Brazilian origin that decided to hold foreign direct investment in the United States. Data collection was done through multiple sources of evidence such as interviews, desk research, literature research and direct observation. Afterwards, the theoretical review of the theme was performed and was developed the data analysis and the construction of the final report. Based on three theoretical perspectives of internationalization, the Uppsala School, Eclectic Paradigm and International Entrepreneurship, it has been identified the convergence between theories and case. Many internal and external factors that determined the Company Providencia foreign direct investment were identified: (1) market of major proportions that even accesses the NAFTA bloc; (2) emerging market opportunity in mature market, in the adult diapers segment in the United States; (3) availability of factors of production in the host country, because it is a pole of manufacturing non-woven fabric; (4) low cultural distance between company directors with regard to culture, language, management and production method; (5) market for non-woven fabric in Brazil and Latin America with super capacity; (6) managers’ international experience for performing the operation; (7) know-how in non-woven fabric production; (8) resource advantage, obtained from high-tech machine; (9) know-how in the ratifying of the plant; (10) strategic motivatin of being close to the customer for developing product innovation. Finally, factors that can be analyzed by the company in future expansions of the Company Providencia were suggested.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo Jose Brunhara.pdf: 1203431 bytes, checksum: f693875275f424aa8ec8bf0c95c2e854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-03 / This work investigates how an acquisition can contribute to the internationalization strategy of one organization, having as a case study the acquisition of Sipros, a Mexican company, in 2003, by Totvs S.A, a Brazilian management software company and its internationalization process. This study includes a chronological study of Totvs internationalization process, the marketing data of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) management software segment for Brazil, Latin America and worldwide market and field researches including semi structured interviews with key people of the internationalization process of Totvs. The results of this research demonstrate that the main motivators for the acquisition were: interests on Sipros product line and customers base, the potential of the Mexican market, and evidences that the experience in Argentina had contributed to capture clients, Brazilian or foreign companies. Among the main contribution of this acquisition, it can be highlighted the learning process of the management of cultural differences and some faced difficulties related to the idioms and the local market needs, evolved the Mexican unit from one franchisee to a subsidiary, which contribute to develop products and provide services to other Spanish language countries such as Argentina, additionally, it motivated various organization adjusts at the headquarters structure aiming to have the best structure to support the activities abroad. Therefore, it can be emphasized that the acquisition of Sipros contributed to enlarge Totvs company s internationalization process and strategy, increasing the headquarters knowledge on how to manage the requirements to entry on markets with differences on culture and idioms / O presente trabalho investiga como a aquisição pode contribuir para a estratégia de internacionalização de uma organização, tendo como objeto de análise o estudo de caso da aquisição da empresa mexicana Sipros, em 2003, por uma empresa brasileira de software de gestão, a Totvs S.A, e seu processo de internacionalização. Foi realizado um levantamento cronológico do processo de internacionalização da Totvs, de dados mercadológicos do segmento de software de gestão ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning, do Brasil, da América Latina e do mundo, e pesquisas de campo com entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas chaves no processo de internacionalização. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que os principais motivadores para aquisição foram: o interesse no produto e, na base de clientes da Sipros, o potencial de mercado mexicano, assim como evidências de que a experiência na Argentina contribuiu para captar clientes, empresas brasileiras e estrangeiras com investimentos nesta região. Entre as principais contribuições desta aquisição, pode-se destacar o aprendizado em gerenciar culturas diferentes, dificuldades enfrentadas em relação ao idioma e as necessidades do mercado local, elevar a unidade mexicana de uma franquia para uma subsidiária que desenvolve produtos e atende outros países de língua espanhola, como a Argentina, além de ter motivado ajustes estruturais na matriz, objetivando identificar a melhor estrutura para dar suporte às atividades no exterior. Desta forma, a aquisição da Sipros contribuiu para ampliar o processo e a estratégia de internacionalização da Totvs e elevar o conhecimento da matriz sobre como gerenciar os requerimentos para entradas em mercados com cultura e idiomas diferentes

<p>Topic:When an MNC seeks to enter a foreign country, it must choose the most appropriate entry mode for that specific market, such as exporting, licensing, a turnkey project, franchising, joint ventures or wholly-owned subsidiaries. There are many factors which affect the choice of entry modes. Influential factors contributing to the entry mode decision can have different degrees of impact for each particular country. As a consequence, an MNC has to use different entry modes in order to adapt to the specific situations it faces in its international expansion strategy.</p><p>Research Problem: Our research problem is to find the answer to two specific research questions while investigating in a particular MNC: Starbucks. The relevant questions are: (1.) What factors affected Starbucks’ entry mode decisions? (2.) Which entry mode strategies did Starbucks use foreign markets and why?</p><p>Method: We collected data through a qualitative method. We regarded that a qualitative research method would provide us the necessary data to understand entry mode decisions. We collected data through literature, books, journals, and Internet resources. We have decided to focus our qualitative research on exploring Starbucks’ entry mode decision in some specific markets. In particular, we have concentrated on Spain, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.</p><p>Conclusions: The choice of entry mode is a critical decision made by MNCs. The choice is influenced by several factors; we have divided these into internal and external factors. We have found both groups are important in the decisions made by Starbucks. However, the degree of influence is different in each case. Moreover, it is possible that some influential factors in the choice of entry mode can differ by case. Finally, we have found external factors have been critical in affecting Starbucks’ choice of entry modes. Starbucks has sought to adapt to those external factors and local needs and requirements by using different entry modes.</p>

Topic:When an MNC seeks to enter a foreign country, it must choose the most appropriate entry mode for that specific market, such as exporting, licensing, a turnkey project, franchising, joint ventures or wholly-owned subsidiaries. There are many factors which affect the choice of entry modes. Influential factors contributing to the entry mode decision can have different degrees of impact for each particular country. As a consequence, an MNC has to use different entry modes in order to adapt to the specific situations it faces in its international expansion strategy. Research Problem: Our research problem is to find the answer to two specific research questions while investigating in a particular MNC: Starbucks. The relevant questions are: (1.) What factors affected Starbucks’ entry mode decisions? (2.) Which entry mode strategies did Starbucks use foreign markets and why? Method: We collected data through a qualitative method. We regarded that a qualitative research method would provide us the necessary data to understand entry mode decisions. We collected data through literature, books, journals, and Internet resources. We have decided to focus our qualitative research on exploring Starbucks’ entry mode decision in some specific markets. In particular, we have concentrated on Spain, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Conclusions: The choice of entry mode is a critical decision made by MNCs. The choice is influenced by several factors; we have divided these into internal and external factors. We have found both groups are important in the decisions made by Starbucks. However, the degree of influence is different in each case. Moreover, it is possible that some influential factors in the choice of entry mode can differ by case. Finally, we have found external factors have been critical in affecting Starbucks’ choice of entry modes. Starbucks has sought to adapt to those external factors and local needs and requirements by using different entry modes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lilian Silvestre Laranjeira.pdf: 1522984 bytes, checksum: de7cff7c87be250a6f078e832ac44c25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The international expansion for several Brazilian companies is surrounded by challenges, inclusively endogenous, that obstruct their more pro-active attitude in the complex and unstable environment where the globalized organizations operate. Notwithstanding, beginning with the comprehension of the internationalization process, based on the stage models, a firm can provide subsidies to predict and plan its internationalization, in addition, influence other companies. From that, the current dissertation presents the outcomes of research with the general objective being to comprehend the internationalization process of Mormaii Indústria e Comércio, Importação e Exportação de Artigos Esportivos Ltda. between the years 1987 and 2005. This research relies on a qualitative and interpretative study case. Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews with managers from the organization in Brazil, with the director of the partner company in Germany, with managers of three competitor companies at the international fair ISPO Winter 2006 and with the CEO of a winter sports company in Austria. The auxiliary data came from a documental scientific basis, from the company itself and from the digital media. The data obtained was analyzed in terms of content and significance in order to achieve the categories of explanation. The research results revealed that the internationalization process of this organization has been developed according to the Uppsala Model. There were three consolidated stages of internationalization identified as adopted by the organization. The first two stages were considered emergent while the last stage was a systematic and deliberated process of international expansion activities. / A expansão internacional para muitas empresas brasileiras é cercada de desafios, inclusive endógenos, impedindo uma atitude mais pró-ativa das mesmas frente ao meio complexo e instável em que operam as organizações globalizadas. No entanto, a partir da compreensão do processo de internacionalização com base nos modelos de estágios, a empresa pode gerar subsídios para a previsão e planejamento de sua internacionalização e influenciar demais empresas. Diante disso, a presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral compreender o processo de internacionalização da Mormaii Indústria e Comércio, Importação e Exportação de Artigos Esportivos Ltda. entre os anos 1987 e 2005. A pesquisa apóia-se na técnica do estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os dirigentes da organização no Brasil, com o dirigente da empresa parceira na Alemanha, com os dirigentes de três empresas concorrentes presentes na feira Internacional ISPO Winter 2006 e com o CEO de uma empresa de esportes de inverno na Áustria. Já os dados secundários foram provenientes de base documental científica, da própria empresa e da mídia digital. Após coletados, os dados foram analisados quanto ao seu conteúdo e significado, visando identificar as categorias de apreciação. Os resultados revelaram que o processo de internacionalização da organização se deu de acordo com o modelo de Uppsala. Foram identificados três estágios consolidados de internacionalização vivenciados pela organização. As duas primeiras foram emergentes enquanto que a última fase ocorreu a partir de um processo sistemático e deliberado de atividades de expansão internacional.

Submitted by Lucimara Trevejo (lucimara.trevejo@gvmail.br) on 2012-03-22T15:54:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao_Lucimara.pdf: 382235 bytes, checksum: 61b3177bd04ea4a8414f4d92ec1ecb89 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2012-03-22T16:59:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao_Lucimara.pdf: 382235 bytes, checksum: 61b3177bd04ea4a8414f4d92ec1ecb89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-22T17:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao_Lucimara.pdf: 382235 bytes, checksum: 61b3177bd04ea4a8414f4d92ec1ecb89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / O presente estudo procurou identificar quais são os fatores que influenciam a utilização de trading companies nos processos de exportação de empresas brasileiras, tendo como uma das principais justificativas o fato da exportação ser uma das atividades econômicas que apresentam o maior crescimento e contribuição para a economia mundial. O modelo de pesquisa investigou a influência da distância psíquica, distância física, conteúdo de commodity dos produtos exportados, complexidade do ambiente de negócios e risco associado aos países de destino das exportações brasileiras. Serviram como base para a pesquisa a teoria dos custos de transação, estudos relativos aos modos de entrada em mercados internacionais e exportações indiretas. Os testes foram conduzidos a partir de um banco de dados secundários que continha informações relativas às exportações brasileiras realizadas entre os anos de 2006 e 2009, totalizando 450.475 operações. Deste total 80,1% eram exportações diretas e 19.9% exportações indiretas. Os resultados apontam o risco país e a distância psíquica como os fatores que mais influenciam a utilização de trading companies nos processos de exportação das empresas brasileiras. Em relação ao conteúdo de commodity os testes apresentaram resultados parcialmente favoráveis. Conclui-se que quanto maior o risco país e a distância psíquica entre o Brasil e os países de destino das operações de exportação maiores as chances de utilização das trading companies. / This paper has tried to identify which are the factors that have influenced the use of trading companies at the Brazilian companies’ export processes, having as one of the main justifications the fact that exports are one of the economical activities that show the most growth rate and contribution to the world economy. The research model investigated the influence of psychic and physical distance, exported product commodity content, business environment complexity and the country risk associated to the Brazilian exports destination. The transaction cost theory, studies regarding the entry modes and indirect exports were used as a base for this research. Tests have been conducted using a secondary database which had Brazilian exports data from 2006 through 2009, in a total of 450,475 operations. From this amount, 80.1% were direct export operations, while the other 19.9% were indirect export operations. The results point out that the country risk and the psychic distance are the factors which have most influence for the use of trading companies at the Brazilian companies’ export processes. Regarding the commodity content, the testes have showed partially favorable. It has been concluded that the bigger the country risk and the psychic distance between Brazil and the export operation destination countries, the higher are the chances for using trading companies.

The diploma thesis aims to suggest the most suitable expansion way of a specific company into the British market. There are three main parts of the work. The theoretical part presents the issue through scholarly literature and scientific articles. The purpose of the practical part is an analysis of the external and internal environment. The research of product user satisfaction as a support for expansion and the investigation of potential partners and competitors directly abroad are included. The proposal part recommends specific ways for the company to enter the UK market through the identified factors.

Final thesis is focused on an entrance into an international market by company ASIO, Ltd. specialized on the field of water-management. The thesis is based on close analysis of Colombian market. The thesis is consisted of theoretical platform, analysis of macro- environments, segmentation of market, analysis of competitiveness, analysis of norms focused on water use and liquid waste and the proposed solution the company entered the Colombian market.

During recent years the sharing economy has had an increased impact on the modern business climate, and the level of engagement among researchers has increased. The sharing economy is changing the way individuals perceive business and challenges traditional business models. Sharing economy firms are implementing innovative business approaches to face the dynamic business climate. Its peer-to-peer sharing philosophy is fighting against the increasing hyper-consumption we are facing. Previous scholars have discussed how traditional firms can gain market shares and internationalize through M&amp;As and strategic partnerships. However, the research on how M&amp;As and partnerships can be implemented among sharing economy firms is minimal. Also, the empirical studies regarding this field are inadequate. Accordingly, examining this research gap in practice and gaining a deeper understanding of the subject is highly relevant. This thesis aims to shed light on the motives behind sharing economy firms internationalizing, mainly through mergers and acquisitions or strategic partnerships, involving at least one sharing platform in the process. To accomplish the intentions of this study, a qualitative research approach has been conducted, with a diverse group of respondents from different parts of the world and operating in various areas within the sharing economy. Moreover, the empirical data has been collected through conducting findings from four semi-structured interviews. The outcome of this research implies that the motives for sharing economy firms to internationalize using M&amp;As or strategic partnerships are beneficial regarding the sharing economy characteristics. For instance, the paper highlights how sharing economy firms have a comfortable path internationalizing into foreign markets but can struggle to gain platform user activity in the early stages in new markets. Therefore, are M&amp;As and strategic partnerships strategic tools for sharing economy firms to acquire an already existing customer base or have strategic alliances that can ease cultural barriers and such when entering foreign markets.