Due to climate change, extreme weather and heatwaves will become more frequent inSweden. Heatwaves have been proven all around the world to cause increased sickness and death rates in populations. Even in the Nordic countries heatwaves can cause negative health effects and sickness already in the current climate. Because of this, it´s important to know what building companies are doing to prevent overheating in their buildings and how they adapt their buildings for a changed future climate. The purpose of this study was to examine how Swedish building companies adapt their buildings to prevent future overheating and what method they are using to do so. The result showed that most of the interviewed companies prioritized adapting their buildings to prevent overheating. Companies which did not prioritize this issue argued that they follow customer demands or that they have not perceived overheating as a problem. There were no significant differences between companies in southern and northern Sweden in which methods the companies decide to use to lower temperatures inside buildings. To avoid risks related to overheated apartments in the future every company in the building sector needs to prioritize these problems and government agencies needs to construct stricter laws regarding indoor temperatures. Thus, the companies that are working based on customer request would also need to adapt to a changed future climate.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T11:47:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ismael Gaiao da Costa.pdf: 2381457 bytes, checksum: 1ddfca5789915a115c0404f1571561e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T11:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ismael Gaiao da Costa.pdf: 2381457 bytes, checksum: 1ddfca5789915a115c0404f1571561e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), whose culture interacts with the most varied environments. The replacement of varieties has contributed greatly to an effective increase in productivity. Thus it studies of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction, the analysis of phenotypic adaptability and stability, and the selection of parents for hybridization are essential for the indication of varieties suited to different soil and climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agribusiness behavior, adaptability and phenotypic stability of 11 RB sugarcane clones in the final phase of the trial, in sugarcane micro regions in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil Northeast, for three consecutives harvests, as well as assisting the selection of potential parents to be used in future crossings by conducted by Sugarcane Breeding Program (PMGCA) of Network for the Development of Alcohol and Sugar (RIDESA) of Experimental Station Sugarcane Carpina (EECAC) of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The experiments were carried out in five Pernambuco sugar mills, in the months of july and august 2006, using the experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications and plots with five eight-meter furrows and spacing of 1.0 m. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, comparison of averages by Scott & Knott test and studies of adaptability, stability and genetic divergence. In each section the variables were measured as ton of pol per hectare (TPH), ton of cane per hectare (TCH); fibre (FIB), Pol% corrected (PCC), purity (PZA), soluble solids (BRIX) and total recoverable sugar (TRS). Based on the results, the best RB genotypes of sugarcane were G1, G6 and G9 in environment I, G1 and G11 in environment II, G1 and G9 in environment III, G3 for environment IV and G1 the environment V. Among the best clones, those with wide adaptability are: G1 and G11, and those with adaptability to environments are: G6 and G9. The genotypes most indicated for use in hybridizations are G1 and G6, as they showed the greatest genetic dissimilarity. / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), cuja cultura interage com os mais variados ambientes. A substituição de variedades tem contribuído bastante para um eficiente aumento na produtividade. Neste sentido, os estudos da interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A), as análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica, e a seleção de parentais para cruzamentos são imprescindíveis para a indicação de variedades adequadas às diversas condições edafoclimáticas. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o comportamento agroindustrial, a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica de 11 clones RB de cana-de-açúcar, na fase final da experimentação, em microrregiões canavieiras do Estado de Pernambuco, por três colheitas consecutivas, bem como auxiliar a seleção de progenitores potenciais a serem utilizados em futuros cruzamentos pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Cana-de-açúcar (PMGCA) da Rede Interuniversitária para o Desenvolvimento do Setor Sucroalcooleiro (RIDESA) conduzido pela Estação Experimental de Cana-de-açúcar (EECAC) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Os experimentos foram instalados em cinco usinas de Pernambuco, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2006, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e parcelas com cinco sulcos de oito metros com espaçamento de 1,0 m. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, à comparação de médias pelo teste de Scott & Knott e a estudos de adaptabilidade, estabilidade e divergência genética. Em cada corte foram mensuradas as variáveis tonelada de pol por hectare (TPH), tonelada de cana por hectare (TCH); Pol% corrigido (PCC), fibra (FIB), pureza (PZA), teor de sólidos solúveis (BRIX) e açúcar total recuperável (ATR). Com base nos resultados, os genótipos RB de cana-de-açúcar mais produtivos foram G1, G6 e G9; para o ambiente I, G11 e G1 para o ambiente II, G9 e G1 para o ambiente III, G3 para o ambiente IV e G1 para o ambiente V. Dentre os melhores clones, aqueles com adaptabilidade ampla são: G1 e G11; e aqueles com adaptabilidade para ambientes favoráveis são: G6 e G9. Os genótipos mais indicados para utilização em hibridações são G1 e G6, pois estes apresentaram a maior dissimilaridade genética.

No description available.

Cette thèse a pour objectif la caractérisation des gènes rgg de S. thermophilus LMG18311 codant des régulateurs transcriptionnels et l'étude de leur implication dans l'adaptation à l'environnement. Ce travail montre que le gène rgg0182 code un régulateur transcriptionnel activant la transcription de ses gènes adjacents. Par ailleurs, le couple Rgg0182/Shp0182 participerait à un mécanisme de quorum sensing. De plus, la protéine Rgg0182 participe à la tolérance au stress chaud. En outre, les cellules du mutant [delta]rgg0182 présentent un phénotype d'adhésion thermo-induite via des interactions de types hydrophobes. L'analyse par microscopie à force atomique des cellules de la souche LMG18311 et du mutant [delta]rgg0182 révèle la présence de polymères de surface uniquement chez la souche sauvage, suggérant que la protéine Rgg0182 régulerait l'expression de protéines de surface et de la division cellulaire. Une étude protéomique couplée à une analyse transcriptomique ont permis d'identifier plusieurs cibles de Rgg0182 qui participeraient à diverses fonctions biologiques. L'ensemble des données obtenues démontre que la protéine Rgg0182 de S. thermophilus LMG18311 est un régulateur global de l'expression génique. Par ailleurs, la transcription des 7 gènes rgg présents au sein du génome de S. thermophilus LMG18311 est modulée par les conditions environnementales. Les profils de transcription des 7 gènes rgg diffèrent les uns par rapport aux autres, suggérant que chacun d'eux seraient requis dans des conditions de croissances différentes. Ces données posent l'hypothèse que les protéines Rgg participeraient à la régulation fine et complexe de l'expression génique de S. thermophilus / This thesis aims to characterize the rgg genes of S. thermophilus LMG18311 coding transcriptional regulator and their involvement in environmental adaptation. This work shows that rgg0182 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator controlling the transcription of its flanking genes. The Rgg0182/Shp0182 pair could be involved in a quorum sensing mechanism. This work also demonstrates that the Rgg0182 protein is involved in S. thermophilus tolerance to heat stresses. In addition, the mutant delta rgg0182 cells exhibit a thermo-induced adhesion phenotype via hydrophobic interactions. Analyses by atomic force microscopy of LMG18311 cells of the wildtype and its derivative rgg0182 mutant reveal the presence of polymers only on the surface of the wild-type strain, suggesting that the protein Rgg0182 would regulate the expression of surface proteins and proteins of cell division. A proteomic study coupled with transcriptomic analysis led to the identification of several targets of Rgg0182 involving in various biological functions. The data obtained in this work have shown that the S. thermophilus LMG18311 rgg0182 genes encodes a global regulator of gene expression. Furthermore, transcriptional analyses, in different growth conditions, of the 7 rgg genes present in the genome of S. thermophilus LMG18311 showed that they display different expression profiles that are modulated by environmental conditions. This suggests that these genes would be required in distinct growth conditions. These data raise the hypothesis that Rgg proteins participate in the fine and complex regulation of S. thermophilus gene expression

The Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential and highly conserved chaperone that facilitates the maturation of a wide array of client proteins, including many kinases. These clients in turn regulate a wide array of cellular processes, such as signal transduction, and transcriptional reprogramming. As a result, the activity of Hsp90 has the potential to influence physiology, which in turn may influence the ability to adapt to new environments. Previous studies using a deep mutational scanning approach, (EMPIRIC) identified multiple substitutions within a 9 amino acid substrate-binding loop of yeast Hsp90 that provides a growth advantage for yeast under elevated salinity conditions and costs of adaptation under alternate environments. These results demonstrate that genetic alterations to a small region of Hsp90 can contribute to evolutionary change and promote adaptation to specific environments. However, because Hsp90 is a large, highly dynamic and multi-functional protein the adaptive potential and evolutionary constraints of Hsp90 across diverse environments requires further investigation. In this dissertation I used a modified version of EMPIRIC to examine the impact of environmental stress on the adaptive potential, costs and evolutionary constraints for a 118 amino acid functional region of the middle domain of yeast Hsp90 under endogenous expression levels and the entire Hsp90 protein sequence under low expression levels. Endogenous Hsp90 expression levels were used to observe how environment may affect Hsp90 mutant fitness effects in nature, while low expression levels were used as a sensitive readout of Hsp90 function and fitness. In general, I found that mutations within the middle domain of Hsp90 have similar fitness effects across many environments, whereas, under low Hsp90 expression I found that the fitness effects of Hsp90 mutants differed between environments. Under individual conditions multiple variants provided a growth advantage, however these variants exhibited growth defects in other environments, indicating costs of adaptation. When comparing experimental results to 261 extant eukaryotic sequences I find that natural variants of Hsp90 support growth in all environments. I identified protein regions that are enriched in beneficial, deleterious and costly mutations that coincides with residues involved in co-chaperone-client-binding interactions, stabilization of Hsp90 client-binding interfaces, stabilization of Hsp90 interdomains and ATPase chaperone activity. In summary, this thesis uncovers the adaptive potential, costs of adaptation and evolutionary constraints of Hsp90 mutations across several environments. These results complement and extend known structural and functional information, highlighting potential adaptive mechanisms. Furthermore, this work elucidates the impact environment can have on shaping Hsp90 evolution and suggests that fluctuating environments may have played a role in the long-term evolution of Hsp90.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borghetti.pdf: 8925497 bytes, checksum: c9f05ef8ac030f884a127e4bfe980c76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / The main goal of this paper it is to characterize the geoenvironmental of the hydrographic basin in Antas River, which is located in the city of Cascavel PR. The total area it is 134.53 km², divided in 21% of urban area and 79% of rural area. During the collection, manipulation and presentation of all the data related to the usage of soil, geomorphology and the conservation of the water s bodies had been used: cartographic and geographic information system (GIS) and images of satellite with high space resolution. All the way the soil was capture from the satellite image the rural area it was captured in the internet and georeferenced through control points traced by GPS. All the outcome was produced by thematic maps where was possible analyze the quantity and visualized the detail. Related to geomorphology, the basin showed 74.2% of the area insert in level I and II (convex top and soft slope). Considering the used of soil in the urban area 73.0%, is being occupied for related urbanization level in the rural area, the agriculture with 80.3%. The verification of APP (Area of Preservation Permanent) the rural area has only 55.6% of the area was formed for gallery forest, the urban perimeter percent was reduce 25.5%. The shortage ambient confirmed the quantities of the legal reserve that have only 34.8% of the area was occupied for vegetation. Using those perimeters it was possible to evaluate the physic space of the basin hydrographic, helping the process of hydrous assets. / Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização geoambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Antas, localizada no município de Cascavel PR, a qual possui uma área de 134,53 km², dividida entre área urbana (21%) e rural (79%). Na coleta, manipulação e representação dos dados referentes ao uso do solo, geomorfologia e preservação dos corpos d água foram utilizados: cartografia digital, sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG) e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. As classes de uso do solo foram vetorizadas sobre a imagem de satélite que, na área rural foi capturada na internet e georreferenciada por meio de pontos de controle rastreados por GPS. Como resultados foram produzidos mapas temáticos nos quais a quantificação e a visualização das características puderam ser analisadas. Em relação à geomorfologia, a bacia apresentou 74,2% da área inserida nas classes I e II (topos convexos e encostas suaves). Considerando o uso do solo na parte urbana, 73,0%, da área está ocupada por classes relacionadas à urbanização. Na parte rural, a classe agricultura é predominante: 80,3%. Na verificação da Área de Preservação Permanente - APP, a parcela rural possui somente 55,6% da área formada por mata ciliar, e no perímetro urbano o percentual é reduzido para 24,5%. A falta de consciência ambiental é confirmada pela quantificação da reserva legal, que possui somente 34,8% da respectiva área ocupada pelas classes de vegetação. Com base nestes parâmetros, foi possível analisar o espaço físico da bacia hidrográfica, contribuindo para o processo de gestão dos recursos hídricos.

The aim of this thesis is to reach further understanding of the development of environmental adaptation in Swedish heavy industry by studying the case of the Rönnskär Smelter 1960-2000. More specifically, the aim of the thesis is to investigate the interplay between firm level environmental adaptation and national environmental politics and economic development. To fulfil this aim, the following questions are asked: How have company activities such as production processes, organisation and company strategies been developed and adopted in order to meet environmental demands with maintained competitiveness? How have company activities been framed by environmental policies and the specific environmental regulations, relevant for this case? What other factors, beside environmental regulations, have driven and framed the environmental adaptation process of the firm? The study concludes that a long-range competitive environmental adaptation was reached by a combination of investments in environmental technology with an overall rationalisation and modernisation of the enterprise. The study suggests that the environmental adaptation process of the Rönnskär Smelter became part of an overall process of industrial modernisation during the period, which reflects a wider context than the environmental issue itself. It mirrors technological development on other fields than the environment, and an increasing competition on a global scale that called for lower unit costs of production. This led to a modernisation for pollution reduction strategy that enabled the firm to increase production but still cutting its pollution levels considerably over time. The result is partly consistent with the Porter hypothesis that suggests that strict environmental regulation can strengthen firms’ and nations’ competitiveness. Time series data shows that emissions from the Rönnskär factory have radically declined since the 1960s. For these changes, process technology has proven to be most important. Technological adjustments came about through a step-by-step adaptation. It is clear that internal solutions, developed by the companies’ own engineers were more important at an early stage, when the supply of external solutions was limited. The study also concludes that environmental regulation has strongly influenced the environmental adaptation at the Rönnskär Smelter. Of most importance is the Environmental Protection Act (EPA: Miljöskyddslagen) implemented in 1969. In the economic historian Nathan Rosenberg’s terminology, this study suggests that the EPA model of individual testing promoted long-term innovative and cost-effective technical solutions, because it was consistent with decentralised experimental activity and the specific conditions that characterise the dynamics of technological development. However, not much can be said before comparative studies within the Swedish system have been conducted, or perhaps most fruitful, between various national systems of environmental protection. This study also concludes that the environmental issue became of strategic dignity at the very beginning of the 1970s, mainly as a consequence of the implementation of the EPA. Even though environmental issues did not become important for market strategies until the 1990s, the environmental issue called already in the 1970s for adjustments that required financial and personnel resources that demanded priorities and strategic decisions at the highest level of the organisation. The study also concludes that even though the technological dimension has played the most decisive role for lowering emissions, the significance of organisation has increased over time. While the 1960s, and especially the 1970s, brought about substantial pollution reductions through new technology, organisational aspects became relatively more important when the costs of abatement were rising in the 1980s. Organisational co-ordination, division of local responsibilities and education of personnel became a supplement to technology to obtain further pollution reductions. The technician as the “environmental hero” of the firm was successively replaced by the organisational co-ordinator.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Borghetti.pdf: 8925497 bytes, checksum: c9f05ef8ac030f884a127e4bfe980c76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-18 / The main goal of this paper it is to characterize the geoenvironmental of the hydrographic basin in Antas River, which is located in the city of Cascavel PR. The total area it is 134.53 km², divided in 21% of urban area and 79% of rural area. During the collection, manipulation and presentation of all the data related to the usage of soil, geomorphology and the conservation of the water s bodies had been used: cartographic and geographic information system (GIS) and images of satellite with high space resolution. All the way the soil was capture from the satellite image the rural area it was captured in the internet and georeferenced through control points traced by GPS. All the outcome was produced by thematic maps where was possible analyze the quantity and visualized the detail. Related to geomorphology, the basin showed 74.2% of the area insert in level I and II (convex top and soft slope). Considering the used of soil in the urban area 73.0%, is being occupied for related urbanization level in the rural area, the agriculture with 80.3%. The verification of APP (Area of Preservation Permanent) the rural area has only 55.6% of the area was formed for gallery forest, the urban perimeter percent was reduce 25.5%. The shortage ambient confirmed the quantities of the legal reserve that have only 34.8% of the area was occupied for vegetation. Using those perimeters it was possible to evaluate the physic space of the basin hydrographic, helping the process of hydrous assets. / Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização geoambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Antas, localizada no município de Cascavel PR, a qual possui uma área de 134,53 km², dividida entre área urbana (21%) e rural (79%). Na coleta, manipulação e representação dos dados referentes ao uso do solo, geomorfologia e preservação dos corpos d água foram utilizados: cartografia digital, sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG) e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. As classes de uso do solo foram vetorizadas sobre a imagem de satélite que, na área rural foi capturada na internet e georreferenciada por meio de pontos de controle rastreados por GPS. Como resultados foram produzidos mapas temáticos nos quais a quantificação e a visualização das características puderam ser analisadas. Em relação à geomorfologia, a bacia apresentou 74,2% da área inserida nas classes I e II (topos convexos e encostas suaves). Considerando o uso do solo na parte urbana, 73,0%, da área está ocupada por classes relacionadas à urbanização. Na parte rural, a classe agricultura é predominante: 80,3%. Na verificação da Área de Preservação Permanente - APP, a parcela rural possui somente 55,6% da área formada por mata ciliar, e no perímetro urbano o percentual é reduzido para 24,5%. A falta de consciência ambiental é confirmada pela quantificação da reserva legal, que possui somente 34,8% da respectiva área ocupada pelas classes de vegetação. Com base nestes parâmetros, foi possível analisar o espaço físico da bacia hidrográfica, contribuindo para o processo de gestão dos recursos hídricos.

In this interview, our guest responds to current and controversial issues related to environmental matters and the mining sector. First, the author talks about the variability of numbers for investment in mineral exploration in our country along recent periods. Also, the problem of social unrests, tax issues, permits and licenses, known as «permisología» and their impact on the sector. Similarly, and inevitably, some comment on the widespread use of Contracts Tax Stability and new measures of environmental control, taken by the recently enacted and controversial Law N° 30230 – Law Establishing Tax Measures, Simplification of Procedures and permits for promotion and revitalization of investment in the country, also called «Paquetazo Castilla». Furthermore, about the EIA and the recent creation of SENACE, as part of the Ministry of Environment Agency is analyzed. Finally, our interviewee continues to review the controversial «contribution by regulation» to OEFA and disciplinary proceedings. / En la presente entrevista, nuestro invitado responde a temas vigentes y controvertidos, relativosa materia ambiental y del sector minero. En primer lugar, él habla sobre la cuestión referida a la variabilidad de las cifras de inversión en exploración minera en nuestro país durante los últimos periodos. Asimismo, se analiza el reticente problema de los conflictos sociales, temas tributarios y la conocida «permisología», así como sus correspondientes impactos en el sector. Del mismo modo, e inevitablemente, se comenta sobre la extensión del uso de los Contratos de Estabilidad Tributaria y las nuevas medidas de fiscalización ambiental, adoptadas por la recientemente promulgada y polémica Ley N° 30230 – Ley que establece Medidas Tributarias, Simplificación de Procedimientos y Permisos para la promoción y dinamización de la Inversión en el País, llamada también «Paquetazo Castilla». Siguiendo la misma línea, se analiza lo correspondiente a los EIA y la reciente creación del SENACE, como organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Ambiente. Por último, nuestro entrevistado no deja de opinar sobre el discutido «aporte por regulación» al OEFA y el procedimiento sancionador.