Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst / Esta dissertaÃÃo se propÃe analisar a Efetividade dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA na Carcinicultura dentro da perspectiva do estudo de caso de um EIA elaborado para a expansÃo de um projeto carcinÃcola localizado as margens do rio Jaguaribe no MunicÃpio de Aracati. De acordo com Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), a AIA pode ser definida como: âestudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar assim como prevenir, as conseqÃÃncias ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas aÃÃes, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar à saÃde, ao bem estar humano e ao entornoâ. Ainda segundo o autor, esses estudos englobam alternativas a projetos passÃveis de licenciamento e ainda induzem o engajamento e a participaÃÃo da sociedade, representando nÃo um instrumento de decisÃo em si, mas um instrumento de conhecimento a serviÃo da populaÃÃo em geral. Dessa maneira, esta dissertaÃÃo discute, de modo qualitativo, a efetividade desse estudo como expediente sÃrio de ajuda na tomada de decisÃo e na gestÃo e monitoramento ambiental, assim como verificar se o mesmo, nos dias atuais, nÃo està sendo utilizado apenas como um mero entrave burocrÃtico para o licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, foram estabelecidos, em metodologia prÃpria, alguns critÃrios de anÃlise, que sÃo: anÃlise das alternativas locacionais, Ãrea de influÃncia direta e indireta, coerÃncia e relevÃncia do diagnÃstico ambiental, avaliaÃÃo dos impactos ambientais, efetividade das medidas mitigadoras, monitoramento ambiental e participaÃÃo das comunidades envolvidas. AlÃm dessas caracterÃsticas, tambÃm foi analisado o RelatÃrio de Impacto Ambiental â RIMA como parte integrante do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, aspectos que foram discutidos e analisados, tÃpico por tÃpico, sempre os comparando com a legislaÃÃo competente, em especial, a ResoluÃÃo CONAMA 001/86 e outras ResoluÃÃes especÃficas, tais como: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. AlÃm disso, esses conceitos tambÃm foram discutidos à luz de autores que jà abordam esse tema na perspectiva de sua efetividade. Para isso, as ferramentas teÃricas que nortearam esta pesquisa foram constituÃdas por SÃnchez (2006), Agra Filho (1993), IBAMA (1995), que esclareceram os conceitos iniciais sobre AvaliaÃÃo de Impacto Ambiental, e IBAMA (2005), no DiagnÃstico da Carcinicultura Cearense, que apresenta os dados referentes à carcinicultura no MunicÃpio de Aracati e os aspectos teÃricos inerentes a esse tema. Os resultados esperados nÃo se mostraram muito diferentes do que inicialmente se havia pensando, e, dos aspectos analisados, poucos foram os que apresentaram informaÃÃes sÃrias e comprometidas com a real funÃÃo deste estudo. Dessa maneira, pode-se afirmar, depois da anÃlise de todos os tÃpicos inicialmente propostos, que o EIA referente ao projeto de carcinicultura examinado nÃo se mostrou ativamente efetivo por nÃo se apresentar como instrumento consistente de consulta pÃblica, ajuda na tomada de decisÃo, na gestÃo e no monitoramento ambiental. / This dissertation proposes to examine the effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in the creation of captive shrimp from the perspective of the case study of an EIA prepared for the expansion of a shrimp project located on the Jaguaribe river in the city of Aracati. According to Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), the AIA can be defined as "studies to identify, predict and interpret, and prevent the consequences or environmental effects that certain actions, plans, programs or projects may cause to our health, to the human welfare and the environment." According to the author, these studies include alternatives to projects subject to licensing and further induce the engagement and participation of the society, representing not a tool of decision in itself but an instrument of knowledge at the service of the general population. Thus, this essay discusses, so qualitatively, the effectiveness of this study as a serious aid tool in decision making and management and environmental monitoring, and verify if it, nowadays, is not being used only as a mere bureaucratic obstacle for the licensing of projects. In order to achieve the objectives, were established in the methodology, some criteria for analysis, which are: analysis of alternative locations, area of direct and indirect influence, coherence and relevance of environmental diagnosis, assessment of environmental impacts, effectiveness of mitigating measures, environmental monitoring and participation of the communities involved. Besides these features, the Environmental Impact Report - RIMA was also considered as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which were discussed and analyzed, topic by topic, always comparing them with the due legislation, in particular, the CONAMA Resolution 001 / 86 and other specific resolutions, such as: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Moreover, these concepts were also discussed in the light of authors who have addressed this issue in the view of its effectiveness. For this, the theoretical tools that have guided this research were made by SÃnchez (2006), Agra Son (1993), IBAMA (1995), which explained the initial concepts on Environmental Impact Assessment, and IBAMA (2005) in the Diagnosis of the Cearense shrimp, which presents data for the creation of captive shrimp in the city of Aracati and the theoretical aspects related to this topic. The expected results were not much different from what was originally thought and from the analyzed aspects, very little presented serious and committed information with the real function of this study. Thus, one can say, after reviewing all topics initially proposed, that the EIA regarding the shrimp project examined was not actively effective for not presenting itself as a consistent tool for public consultation, help in decision making, in management and in environmental monitoring.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / "1998"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 395-414).

The paper identifies three topics in order to evaluate the improvements in the regulation of the National System of EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, looking to benefit the people’s trust in the environmental certification. The first one consists in the gradual transition from the prevention paradigm to the integration one, as the purpose of the different instruments that compose the system; the second involves the enrichment in the evaluation of the Environmental Impact Study (EIS), by incorporating the scoping phase; and the third involves adopting additional measures that reinforce the independence of the teams in charge of the elaboration and evaluation of the EIS. / El artículo identifica tres áreas para evaluar mejoras a la regulacióndel Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, con miras a favorecer la aparición de confianza ciudadana respecto de la certificación ambiental. La primera tiene que ver con transitar gradualmente del paradigma preventivo al integrativo como finalidad de los instrumentos que componen el sistema; la segunda, con enriquecer la evaluación del estudio de impacto ambiental (EIA) incorporándole una etapa de scoping a cargo del Estado; y la tercera, con adoptar medidas adicionales que refuercen la independencia de los equipos de elaboración y evaluación del EIA.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sandoval_ms_me_rcla.pdf: 689985 bytes, checksum: f333029b423c9df4992d4070398b119c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas. / The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.

The Regional Council of Jämtland has a goal to increase the export of renewable energy and with that reduce the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One of the measures used to reach this goal is to give subsidies and tax reductions for investments in photovoltaics. Photovoltaics are generally perceived as “good for the environment” and give a “good image” to companies. They are marketed as interesting for private persons and farmers from a profitability point of view. Sweden has an electricity mix with average CO2 emissions of 20-30 g/kWh. Compared to other countries in Europe this is very low. The CO2 emissions of photovoltaics during their lifetime are 46 g/kWh according to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Taking this in consideration it can be concluded that photovoltaics actually increase GHG emissions as they have higher emissions of CO2 than the average in Sweden. When the decision to invest in photovoltaics is made with profitability as a main reason, it is debatable if the subsidies and tax reductions are needed. When the decision to invest in photovoltaics is made with environmental concern as a main reason, the subsidies might be given to other environmental technologies that are better from a climate perspective. Considering this, the push for profitability of photovoltaics can be seen as just another increase in consumption.

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Manufacturers are increasingly being held responsible for the fate of their products once they reach their end-of-life phase. This research uses a combination of total disassembly time and recyclability to gauge the environmental impact of a product at this stage of its use. Recyclability, or wasted weight, is a function of the material contained by a product’s subassemblies as it is taken apart. This project suggests a graph-based method of representing product assemblies. Unlike many existing representation methods which are used in the field of automated disassembly, the method proposed here takes component connection methods into account. This, combined with a library of disassembly defining graph grammars, ensures that the disassembly simulation performed on this assembly approximates real-life disassembly procedures as closely as possible. The results of this simulation are Pareto sets whose contents represent various points in the disassembly process. Each member of the set is evaluated using the two primary parameters of disassembly time and wasted weight. This Pareto set can be used to judge a particular product’s performance during end-of-life, from the perspective of recyclability, against that of another product. / text

Prepared by the Arid Lands Information Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona ; Robert G. Varady, compiler.