This thesis examines the response of Taiwanese hotels to climate change. Climate change is increasingly recognised by industry, governments and researchers as one of the most substantial challenges to the sustainability of tourism at both a destination and business level in both the short and long-term. Hall (2008) observed that tourism was explicitly recognised by the IPCC as one of the most important industries in Asia, yet the lack of research on tourism and climate change in an Asian context was identified, with especially little explicit research on the climate change response of the hospitality and accommodation sector. This is also despite the accommodation sector being the most significant tourism sector contributor to emissions after aviation (United Nations World Tourism Organisation [UNWTO] and United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP] 2008; World Economic Forum [WEF] 2009; Scott et al. 2012). Therefore this research seeks to explicitly respond to this knowledge gap by examining the response of the Taiwanese hotel sector to climate change. It is also the first known study that explores the extent to which the hotel sector meets the specific recommendations of the UNWTO-UNEP (2008) with respect to accommodation sector measures in relation to climate change. In order to provide a firm basis of methodological comparison with the previous international literature on environmental studies of the accommodation sector, this thesis conducted a baseline survey to investigate the response of Taiwanese hotels towards environment and climate change with respect to four main dimensions, including perception, attitudes, actions, and influencing factors for environmental and climate change practices. Overall, 270 hotel participants answered the email-based questionnaire survey of the total population of Taiwanese hotels, reflecting a response rate of approximately 10%. Taiwanese hotel respondents acknowledged the existence of climate change, but rarely related this phenomenon to their daily business operations. Their attitude towards their own hotel’s contribution to climate change was especially reserved. In addition to waste management, energy-saving practice, and the offer of local-produced cuisine, the level of implementation of environmental practices in Taiwanese hotels was relatively limited. There were also low compliance rates with existing environmental policy, although they were aware of environmental schemes. The factors of size and extreme weather event experience were identified as the more significant variables to differentiate Taiwanese hotel response to environment and climate change. The significance of hotel size, standard, and experience of weather extreme variables were also examined. Finally, this research discussed the prospective contributions and issues of the results of this study, and argues for their application in the fields of climate change research, benchmarking development, education and and training, government regulation and policy, and hotel management.

ABSTRACT This phenomenological study examines knowledge acquisition and the environmental practices of Shitlhelani community members in relation to the uses and benefits of electricity. Prior to the installation of electricity, the main source of fuel was wood which villagers gathered from the natural vegetation surrounding their village. ESKOM installed electricity to the village in 1985 and 1994, however deforestation of the surrounding area continued. This research study draws primarily on a qualitative research paradigm, using participant observation; semi-structured interviews and document analysis, to investigate the relationship between knowledge and the development of healthy environmental practices. The qualitative research paradigm allows insight into the social context and experiences of the Shitlhelani villagers in order to understand the complexities and diversity of their daily lives. The study’s main findings highlight the need to recognise and value the existence of social networks, and the importance of fostering collaborative learning within communities to achieve collective action. Developing social capital as a framework that supports the process of learning through interaction is necessary if the Shitlhelani villagers wish to develop their community educationally, socially, economically and environmentally.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERATION OF Teresa K. Betts, for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Business Administration defended December 14, 2011, 10:00 a.m. 108 Rehn Hall at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: THE ROLE OF COMPETITIVE CAPABILITIES AND STAKEHOLDER PRESSURE IN THE ADOPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES AND IMPACT ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Suresh Tadisina This paper examines the underlying effect of manufacturing plants' competitive capabilities and their adoption of environmental practices. A Natural Resource Based View (NRBV) theoretical approach was utilized to develop and test a set of hypotheses surrounding how manufacturing plants with specific competitive capabilities would have a greater likelihood of implementing sets of environmental practices with similar underlying resources and capabilities. Further analysis evaluated how the influence of stakeholder pressures moderated the relationship between competitive capabilities and the degree of adoption of environmental manufacturing practices. Multiple regression results indicate quality and cost competitive capabilities are positively significantly associated with the adoption of specific environmental practices. Further analysis indicates stakeholder pressures do not moderate the relationship between competitive capabilities and the degree of adoption of environmental practices. Unique sets of stakeholder pressures are independent predictors for each set of environmental practices. ANOVA analysis indicates competitive process flexibility capability and product design environmental practices and competitive product innovation capability and product design environmental practices positively significantly impact business performance. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into competitive capabilities which link to the degree of adoption of specific environmental practices and insights into synergies which may exist between competitive capabilities and environmental practices and their effects on business performance.

Yes / This research aims to design a green Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC ) that reduces preventable pharmaceutical waste and effectively disposes of inevitable pharmaceutical waste. The main output of this study is the formulation of an integrated green PSC model involving all critical stakeholders, leading to improved environmental, economic and safety performance in medication management and delivery. The research is based on literature and on secondary resources. To green the PSC, every producer of waste is duty bound to facilitate the safe handling and disposal of waste. A Cross boundary Green PSC (XGPSC) approach is proposed to identify participants’ contribution to the PSC. Peripheral influences are also recognised from professional and regulatory bodies. This study focuses solely on community PSC in the UK where patients receive medication from local community pharmacies and thus may be limited. The proposed XGPSC approach also needs to be tested and validated in practice. It may also be difficult to transfer some of the environmental practices proposed in this research into practice. The environmental practices and actions proposed provide invaluable insight into various PSC activities, including purchasing, product design, prescription patterns and processes, medication use review, and customer relationship management. The proposed environmental actions encourage firm commitment from everyone to reduce, recycle or effectively dispose of pharmaceutical waste, with patients becoming stewards of medication rather than only consumers. A cross boundary approach is developed to green the PSC, and it encourages total involvement and collaboration from all participants in PSC.

Environmental issues are of increasing concern to citizens, governmental personnel and corporate leaders in most countries all around the world. There is a growing consensus that conventional accounting practices simply do not provide adequate information to support decisionmaking in environmental management. Simply defined, environmental management accounting is management accounting with a focus on physical information on the flow of energy, water, products and materials as well as monetary information on environmental costs and revenues, and projects related to environmental protection. It is not a different method, but simply a mechanism of doing management accounting in an improved manner. When environmental management accounting is well designed and implement it should ensure better internal management and value-added decisionmaking. Ultimately, environmental management accounting is simply doing better comprehensive management accounting while wearing an environmental hat. This study evaluates the awareness of environmental management accounting in the chemical industry. A questionnaire was administrated to a selected group of par-ticipants. All participants in the study are employees from the chemical industry in South Africa. The selection of participants was based on their knowledge, expertise and understanding of environmental practices, challenges and problems in their respective organisations. Different functional roles from different types of chemical companies were identified to participate. The findings of this study indicated that there is a good level of awareness of environ-mental management accounting in the South African chemical industry. Most orga-nisations are applying sound environmental practices and are adopting environ-mental strategies and different tools to improve their current status. Different levels of awareness exist between different types of chemical industries and between different functional roles in the respective organisations. Operational and capital environ-mental information are disclosed and organisations do generate and record information on physical and monetary environmental management accounting. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Environmental issues are of increasing concern to citizens, governmental personnel and corporate leaders in most countries all around the world. There is a growing consensus that conventional accounting practices simply do not provide adequate information to support decisionmaking in environmental management. Simply defined, environmental management accounting is management accounting with a focus on physical information on the flow of energy, water, products and materials as well as monetary information on environmental costs and revenues, and projects related to environmental protection. It is not a different method, but simply a mechanism of doing management accounting in an improved manner. When environmental management accounting is well designed and implement it should ensure better internal management and value-added decisionmaking. Ultimately, environmental management accounting is simply doing better comprehensive management accounting while wearing an environmental hat. This study evaluates the awareness of environmental management accounting in the chemical industry. A questionnaire was administrated to a selected group of par-ticipants. All participants in the study are employees from the chemical industry in South Africa. The selection of participants was based on their knowledge, expertise and understanding of environmental practices, challenges and problems in their respective organisations. Different functional roles from different types of chemical companies were identified to participate. The findings of this study indicated that there is a good level of awareness of environ-mental management accounting in the South African chemical industry. Most orga-nisations are applying sound environmental practices and are adopting environ-mental strategies and different tools to improve their current status. Different levels of awareness exist between different types of chemical industries and between different functional roles in the respective organisations. Operational and capital environ-mental information are disclosed and organisations do generate and record information on physical and monetary environmental management accounting. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

A educação ambiental tem um papel importante no processo de conscientização do ser humano em relação ao uso e manutenção dos recursos naturais, sendo a escola um espaço ideal para o desenvolvimento de ações junto aos alunos que possam contribuir positivamente para a formação dessas novas gerações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a visão e participação dos professores e alunos relacionados às atividades voltadas para a educação ambiental. A pesquisa foi realizada na Escola Estadual Dr. Joaquim Pereira da Costa, localizada no município de Gurupi – TO. O estudo envolveu 21 professores e 168 dos 521 alunos do Ensino Médio, além de 21 monitores ambientais. A pesquisa foi exploratória, de campo e bibliográfica, sendo o levantamento de dados realizados através de questionários específico para professores e alunos. Para a obtenção desses dados, o estudo foi dividido em 4 etapas as quais ocorreram entre os meses de abril à outubro de 2015, sendo que a etapa 1 consistiu no levantamento das ações realizadas na escola voltadas a educação ambiental. Na etapa 2, houve a aplicação do questionário aos professores, sendo seguida pela etapa 3, a qual houve a aplicação do questionário para os alunos. A finalização ocorreu com a etapa 4, na qual foi aplicado um questionário de verificação do nível de consciência ambiental dos monitores ambientais. Os resultados junto aos professores indicaram que: eles acreditam que as atividades realizadas ao longo dos últimos anos, na escola, vêm contribuindo para uma melhor formação dos alunos em relação às práticas ambientais, devendo essas serem mantidas e aprimoradas. Entretanto, os professores relataram terem dificuldades para trabalhar temas relacionados à educação ambiental, devido ao extenso currículo escolar e à falta de recursos financeiros. Em relação aos alunos, estes demonstraram ter uma visão positiva em relação à forma com que os professores trabalham em sala a educação ambiental. A participação dos alunos nas atividades escolares concentrou-se entre palestras e seminários realizados ao longo do ano na escola e em datas específicas. Em relação aos monitores ambientais, os resultados foram considerados positivos, uma vez que os alunos envolvidos como multiplicadores das atividades ambientais desenvolvidas mostraram-se conscientes e com potenciais traços de consciência ambiental em relação aos testes aos quais foram submetidos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, tanto os professores, quanto aos alunos e monitores ambientais possuem visão positiva em relação às atividades ambientais desenvolvidas na escola, mas ressalta-se que a participação de ambos precisam ser melhoradas. / Environmental education plays an important role in the human process of awareness regarding the use and maintenance of natural resources, the school is an ideal space for the development of actions with the students can contribute positively to the formation of these new generations. The aim of this study was to analyze the vision and participation of teachers and students related activities focused on environmental education. The survey was conducted in the State School Dr. Joaquim Pereira da Costa, located in the municipality of Gurupi - TO. The study involved 21 teachers and 168 of the 521 high school students, and 21 environmental monitors. The research was exploratory, with field and literature, and data collection conducted through specific questionnaires for teachers and students. To obtain these data the study was divided into 4 stages that took place between the months of April to October 2015, and the first step consisted of the survey of the actions carried out in the school focused on environmental education. In step 2 was the questionnaire of teachers being followed by step 3, which was the questionnaire of students. The completion took place to step 4, where it was applied a verification questionnaire level of environmental awareness of environmental monitors. The results with the teachers indicated that they believe the activities that have been conducted over the past few years the school has contributed to a better education of students regarding the environmental practices should these be maintained and improved. However teachers reported having difficulties to work issues related to environmental education due to the extensive curriculum and the lack of financial resources. Regarding students, they have shown to have a positive view on the way teachers work in environmental education room. The participation of students in school activities concentrated between lectures and seminars held throughout the year at school and at specific dates. Regarding environmental monitors, the results were considered positive, since the students involved as multipliers of the developed environmental activities shown to be aware of potential features and the environmental awareness of the tests to which they were submitted. Based on these results, both teachers, the students and environmental monitors have positive view on environmental activities at school, but it is emphasized that the participation of both need improvement.

Esta dissertação de mestrado procurou compreender como a marca institucional de empresas do setor supermercadista brasileiro varejo de alimentos foi impactada pela sustentabilidade, especificamente por práticas ambientais. A pesquisa analisou como as três maiores empresas do setor adaptaram-se às pressões por um varejo mais sustentável e como ocorreu a comunicação institucional do Grupo Pão de Açúcar, do Carrefour Brasil e do Walmart Brasil ao utilizarem as práticas sustentáveis ambientais na construção e consolidação de suas respectivas marcas institucionais. As práticas ambientais verificadas foram classificadas em: comercialização de produtos verdes, gestão de resíduos, construções sustentáveis e preservação do meio ambiente. Devido às alterações no cenário econômico e social do século XX surgiram tendências que pressionaram o sistema capitalista regente para uma gestão socioeconômica mais sustentável. A compreensão das mudanças, suas implicações e consequências na marca institucional das três principais empresas do setor é o objetivo principal desta pesquisa acadêmica. / This dissertation sought to understand how the corporate brand of companies in the Brazilian supermarket sector food retailing was impacted by sustainability, specifically by environmental practices. The research examined how the three largest companies of this sector was adapted to the pressures for a more sustainable retail and how occurred the corporate communication of Pão de Açúcar Group, Carrefour Brazil, Walmart Brazil when sustainable environmental practices are used in the construction and consolidation of their corporate brands. The environmental practices observed were classified as: marketing of green products, waste management, sustainable construction and environmental preservation. Due to changes in the economic and social scene of the twentieth century, trends came to press the ruling capitalist system to a more sustainable socio-economic management. The understanding of all changes, their implications and consequences in corporate brand of the three main companies in the sector is the main objective of this academic research

Em tempos de uma cultura consumista e de corrida frenética por desenvolvimento a “qualquer custo”, o ser humano vem provocando inúmeros problemas ambientais. Nesse cenário, o turismo e a hotelaria ecologicamente responsáveis são altamente desejáveis, se estabelecendo como um segmento de mercado que pode ajudar na redução da impactação ambiental. No entanto, também pode ajudar a aumentar a sobrecarga que o ambiente natural já recebe, ao enviar turistas pouco responsáveis em destinos e hotéis ainda não planejados para trabalhar de forma mais ambientalmente sustentável. Percebe-se um interesse em sustentabilidade econômica, mas ainda pouco ambiental no segmento hoteleiro. Desta forma, o presente estudo se propõe a analisar meios de hospedagem em relação aos seus desempenhos organizacionais e suas práticas ambientais, considerando a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: de que forma se estabelece a relação de práticas ambientais e desempenho organizacional na hotelaria da cidade de Porto Alegre? Para tal, foi realizada uma survey com os meios de hospedagem de Porto Alegre, analisando se existe e que tipo de relação há entre práticas ambientais e desempenho organizacional na hotelaria da cidade. As análises foram realizadas através de métodos estatísticos não-paramétricos. As práticas ambientais foram mensuradas em vinte indicadores e o desempenho organizacional foi analisado conforme embasamento nos sete critérios de excelência na performance do Baldrige National Quality Program (2009/2010). Os principais resultados apontam que existe uma relação de tendência positiva entre o uso de práticas ambientais e desempenho organizacional na hotelaria de Porto Alegre, ou seja, os meios de hospedagem que possuem mais práticas ambientais tendem a possuir melhores desempenhos organizacionais. / In times of a consumer culture and the frantic rush for development at any cost, the human being is causing several environmental problems. In this context, tourism and hospitality industry that are ecologically responsible are highly desirable, establishing itself as a market that can help in reducing environmental impact. However, it also can help increasing the burden that the natural environment already receives when sheltering many tourists that are not responsible in destinations and hotels that are not already planned to work in an environmentally sustainable way. There is an interest in economic sustainability, but still little interest in environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. Being that so, the present study makes an analysis of hospitality industry regarding its organizational performance and environmental practices, considering the following research question: in which way environmental practices and organizational performance are established in the hospitality industry of Porto Alegre? To answer to this question, a survey was conducted in the hospitality industry of Porto Alegre, analyzing if there was and what was the kind of relation between environmental practices and organizational performance in the hospitality industry of the city. Analyses were carried out using nonparametric statistical methods. The environmental practices were measured in twenty indicators and the organizational performance was analyzed according to seven criteria of performance excellence given by Baldrige National Quality Program (2009/2010). The main findings point out that there is a positive trend between the use of environmental practices and organizational performance in hotels in Porto Alegre, that is, the lodging facilities that have more environmental practices tend to present the best organizational performances.

PONTES, Erica Silva. Geografia e Educação Ambiental Dialógica: Conceitos e Práticas Ambientais na Reserva Extrativista da Prainha do Canto Verde-Ceará-Brasil. 2013. 142 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-10-18T20:55:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_espontes.pdf: 15223806 bytes, checksum: 40fed5d0ae2268bcf9f1c84ba4ce576d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-19T19:32:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_espontes.pdf: 15223806 bytes, checksum: 40fed5d0ae2268bcf9f1c84ba4ce576d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_tese_espontes.pdf: 15223806 bytes, checksum: 40fed5d0ae2268bcf9f1c84ba4ce576d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / “Geography and Dialogic Environmental Education: Environmental Concepts and Practices at Prainha do Canto Verde Extractivist Reserve – Ceará - Brazil” is a research resulting from the interconnection between Geography and Education. This interaction is given by the Dialogic Environmental Education (DEE), which touches both fields of knowledge in an attempt to create and maintain a dialogue through environmental concepts and practices. It is crucial to think about a DEE, which is constructed via a partnership between the diverse areas of scientific knowledge and local, popular experience in a dialogic manner that might stimulate real change. We intended to understand the contribution from the environmental practices to (elementary school) Geography in a DEE context, building an eco-praxis. Therefore, we have chosen the “Prainha do Canto Verde” Extractivist Reserve (RESEX), a traditional coastal community at Ceará state coastline, as the place for our research. It is an area delimited by a Conservational Unity for Sustainable Use, in which a community marked by struggle and resistance against speculation and by the defense of environmental conservation and land rights. The area is constituted by the morphological unity and coastal plan landscape, containing multiple faces: beach, storm beach, mobile and fixed sand dunes, interdune depression and coastal board besides the community nucleus. The theoretical basis is referenced upon the landscape geoecology (based on the geosystem theory) and the DEE (supported by an eco-relational perspective, based upon a integrated world perception that aspires a balanced and supportive relationship between the human being and him/herself, the other and the environment). After presenting the theoretical basis, we delimited the landscape unities and built the environmental diagnostics of the RESEX. From the analysis of the dialogic landscape, we identified the environmental practices existing inside the RESEX, based on dialogicity criteria. Finally, we pointed the contributions from the environmental practices to the elementary school Geography. / “Geografia e Educação Ambiental Dialógica: Conceitos e Práticas Ambientais na Reserva Extrativista da Prainha do Canto Verde-Ceará-Brasil” é uma pesquisa resultante da inter-conexão entre Geografia e Educação. Esta interação dá-se através da Educação Ambiental Dialógica (EAD), que tangencia as duas áreas do conhecimento, numa tentativa de criação e manutenção de diálogo através de conceitos e práticas ambientais. É crucial pensar uma EAD que seja construída em parceria com diferentes áreas do conhecimento científico e com o saber popular local, de maneira dialógica, para que seja possível repercutir em transformações reais. A intenção tem sido compreender a contribuição das práticas ambientais à Geografia (Escolar), num contexto de EAD, construindo uma ecopráxis. Desta feita, foi escolhida como área de pesquisa a Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) da Prainha do Canto Verde, uma comunidade tradicional litorânea, na zona costeira cearense. É uma área delimitada por uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, onde está assentada uma comunidade de luta e resistência contra a especulação imobiliária, em defesa da conservação ambiental e direito à terra. A área é constituída pela unidade morfológica e paisagística de planície litorânea, com feições de praia, pós-praia, dunas móveis e fixas, depressões interdunares, tabuleiro litorâneo, além do núcleo comunitário. A fundamentação teórica tem como referência a Geoecologia da Paisagem e a Educação Ambiental Dialógica. A Geoecologia da Paisagem está embasada na teoria geossistêmica. A EAD está fundamentada numa perspectiva eco-relacional alicerçada numa percepção integral de mundo que almeja uma relação equilibrada e solidária do ser humano com ele mesmo, com @ outr@, com o ambiente. Após o debate teórico, foram delimitadas as unidades de paisagem e construído o diagnóstico ambiental da RESEX. Diante da análise da paisagem dialógica, identificaram-se as práticas ambientais existentes na RESEX, baseando-se nos critérios de dialogicidade. Por fim, foram apontadas as contribuições das práticas ambientais à Geografia, com destaque para a Geografia Escolar.