Hydropeaking is important to meet peak demand of electricity on the Swedish powergrid. The rapid changes in discharge may affect the ecology of streams and rivers negatively downstream of hydropeaking powerplants. In this study, the composition of five functional feeding groups (FFG) was investigated in the families Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) in samples collections by Hester-Dendy-sampler in 27 locations in streams and rivers with and without hydropeaking. The groups shredders, grazers, gatherers, filter feeders and predators were identified for each toxon. I expected that the flow regime downstream of a hydropeaking powerplant would affect the composition of FFG compared to non-hydropeaking streams and rivers, except for the group predators. No significant differenses in FFG between the streams and rivers with and without hydropeaking was found. These results indicate that effects from hydropeaking on FFG is not general and that spatially-explicit investigations may be needed to shed light on the effects of hydropeaking. / För att reglera effektbehovet på det svenska elnätet är korttidsregleringen från vattenkraftverk en viktig faktor. Dessa snabba förändringar i flödesregimen medför dock en påverkan på ekologin i vattendraget. I den här studien undersöktes sammansättningen av fem olika funktionella födosöksgrupper (FFG) hos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera och Trichoptera (EPT) från insamling av evertebrater med Hester-Dendy-provtagare i 27 lokaler i vattendrag med och utan korttidsreglering. Identifiering av grupperna shredders, grazers, gatherers, filter feeders och predators gjordes för varje taxon. Jag förväntade mig att flödesregimen som förekommer nedströms korttidsreglerade vattenkraftverk skulle påverka sammansättningen av FFG i jämförelse med ett icke korttidsreglerat vattendrag, förutom för gruppen predators. Data visade att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad hos FFG mellan vattendragen med vs. utan korttidsreglering. Detta visar att påverkan på FFG av korttidsreglering inte är generell och att platsspecifika undersökningar kan behövas för att belysa regleringens effekter.

Since the 1990s water quality monitoring projects using aquatic insects or macroinvertebrates as bioindication in Mongolia has mostly occurred in rivers drainage to the Arctic Ocean. They have been conducted to identify different anthropogentic stressors and impacts upon these running water ecosystems. However, there are still knowledge gaps and uncertainties concerning the research of these macroinvertebrates, in particular, a life cycle study of representative species are one such section of information missing. The specific aim for the study was to determine their life cycles and secondary production of selected species in the Kharaa River Basin, Mongolia, where these animals are exposed to harsh environment conditions. The main challenges for the research project were selecting the most suitable methods for use in the field sampling campaigns as well as establishing biomonitoring criteria for the target species under the extreme harsh climatic conditions. The research also sorts to address the pre-existing taxonomical identification problems. Consequently, a multi-habitat quantitative sampling method, and emergence traps type ‘Model week’ were selected. Five specific traits were chosen as selection criteria from the literature, where the life cycles of numerous species were investigated under comparable conditions to this study. Based on those five distinct criteria, a total of 18 species from EPT group (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) were selected for deeper analysis. This thesis provided the first quantitative results on the life cycle, production, growth rate and emergence of aquatic insects from Mongolia, to allow comparisons with studies in other regions using the same methods. However, it still needs more quantitative research of population dynamics for a wider range of species including fecundity, accurate development rates, mortality losses (e.g., due to predation), and food availability across environmental gradients of hydraulic conditions and substrate types. In conclusion, last not least it is essential to obtain knowledge especially about life cycle strategies of macroinvertebrates to identify the indicator-properties of single species and to predict re-colonisation potential of disturbed habitats and to evaluate the efficiency of management measures.

The eddy covariance (EC) technique was used to measure half hourly fluxes of energy and evaporation from 15 December 2007 to 30 November 2008 at the Scott Research Farm, located 7 km east of Hamilton. Many other supporting measurements of climate and soil variables were also made. The research addressed three objectives: 1. To examine the accuracy of the eddy covariance measurement technique. 2. Understand the surface partitioning of energy and water vapour on a diurnal to annual timescale. 3. Compare measurements of evaporation to methods of estimation. Average energy balance closure at Scott Farm was deficient by 24%, comparable to published studies of up to 30%. Three lysimeter studies were carried out to help verify eddy covariance data. These resulted in the conclusions that; 1) lysimeter pots needed to be deeper to allow for vegetation rooting depths to be encompassed adequately; 2) forcing energy balance closure was not supported by two of the studies (summer and winter); 3) latent heat flux (λE) gap filling of night time EC data during winter over estimated values by about 10 W m-2; and 4) the spring lysimeter study verified eddy covariance measurements including the closure forcing method. Some uncertainty still exists as to the accuracy of both lysimeter and EC methods of evaporation measurement because both methods still have potential biases, however for the purpose of this study, it would appear data are sufficiently accurate to have confidence in results. Energy and water vapour fluxes varied on both a diurnal and seasonal timescale. Diurnally, fluxes were small or negative at night and were highest during the day, usually at solar noon. Seasonally, spring and summer had the highest energy and evaporation fluxes and winter rates were small but tended to exceed available energy supply. Evaporation was constrained by soil moisture availability during summer and by energy availability during winter. Estimated annual evaporation at Scott Farm was 755 mm, 72% of precipitation. Two evaporation models were compared to eddy covariance evaporation (EEC) measurements; the FAO56 Penman-Monteith model (Eo) and the Priestley-Taylor model (EPT). Both models over estimated evaporation during dry conditions and slightly under estimated during winter. The α coefficient that is applied to EPT was not constant and a seasonally adjusted value would be most appropriate. A crop coefficient of 1.13 is needed for Eo measurements during moist conditions. Eo began over estimating evaporation when soil moisture contents dropped below ~44%. A water stress adjustment was applied to both models which improved evaporation estimates, however early onset of drying was not able to be adjusted for. The adjusted Eo model is the most accurate overall, when compared to EEC.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas na Formação de Formadores, oferecida pelo PROEJA Fic entre os anos de 2010 e 2013, no município de Nilópolis. Desta forma, buscouse considerar as diferentes vinculações docentes ao projeto e seus efeitos de implicação e sobreimplicação com relação às atividades propostas e ao próprio fazer laboral. Adotouse a utilização de procedimentos metodológicos coadunantes com o campo do institucionalismo, sendo a intervenção realizada através de grupo focal com os professores participantes da Formação. Inicialmente, é desenvolvida uma discussão em torno da atividade laboral nas sociedades contemporâneas, buscandose evidenciar seu caráter dualista e estratificador. No que tange à atividade docente, evidencia os impactos desta ruptura nos modos de existência destes profissionais. Em seguida, são apresentadas as diferentes concepções de educação profissional e suas interfaces com as políticas relativas à Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a regulamentação dos processos de formação inicial e continuada docente, evidenciando a organização política e social da categoria em torno destas questões. Por fim, são apresentadas as diferentes abordagens de formação docente adotadas no Brasil, suas concepções e sentidos, bem como é analisado o conjunto de atividades da Formação de Formadores, tendo como elementos de análise não apenas os documentos normativos e os registros oficiais, mas, principalmente, o relato dos docentes, materializado através das falas durante os grupos focais e de suas ações/ reações/ subversões ao longo do processo / This researh has as its goal to analyze the main activities developed in the teaching training program, offered by PROEJA Fic between 2010 and 2013, in the city of Nilópolis. Different paths and links in the project together with its implication effects and over implication in relation to the proposal activities and in its own labor deed were the main focus of this work. Methodological procedures gathered with the intuitionalist field were used in this research, in a way that interventions were made throughout the group in focus together with the teachers enrolled in the program. As first step, discussions surrounding the working activities in the modern societies are developed, trying to enhance its dual and stratifying side. In relation to the docents activities, it enhances how the rupture of these professional existences impacts the teachers. Afterwards the different conceptions of professional education are presented and its interfaces within the policies towards the Adults and young adults education and the regulations of initial teaching formation and continuum teaching formation processes, pointing out the social and political organization surrounding these questions. At the end, different approaches in the docents formation in Brazil are presented. Their conception and the meaning of the activities of the teachers formation are analyzed as a whole, and not only official documents and evidences but also the teachers testimony, throughout speeches while in the focus group about their actions /reactions/ subversion during the process are taking into consideration in this paper. The analysis of these implications comes as a highlight throughout the process of this work

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas na Formação de Formadores, oferecida pelo PROEJA Fic entre os anos de 2010 e 2013, no município de Nilópolis. Desta forma, buscouse considerar as diferentes vinculações docentes ao projeto e seus efeitos de implicação e sobreimplicação com relação às atividades propostas e ao próprio fazer laboral. Adotouse a utilização de procedimentos metodológicos coadunantes com o campo do institucionalismo, sendo a intervenção realizada através de grupo focal com os professores participantes da Formação. Inicialmente, é desenvolvida uma discussão em torno da atividade laboral nas sociedades contemporâneas, buscandose evidenciar seu caráter dualista e estratificador. No que tange à atividade docente, evidencia os impactos desta ruptura nos modos de existência destes profissionais. Em seguida, são apresentadas as diferentes concepções de educação profissional e suas interfaces com as políticas relativas à Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a regulamentação dos processos de formação inicial e continuada docente, evidenciando a organização política e social da categoria em torno destas questões. Por fim, são apresentadas as diferentes abordagens de formação docente adotadas no Brasil, suas concepções e sentidos, bem como é analisado o conjunto de atividades da Formação de Formadores, tendo como elementos de análise não apenas os documentos normativos e os registros oficiais, mas, principalmente, o relato dos docentes, materializado através das falas durante os grupos focais e de suas ações/ reações/ subversões ao longo do processo / This researh has as its goal to analyze the main activities developed in the teaching training program, offered by PROEJA Fic between 2010 and 2013, in the city of Nilópolis. Different paths and links in the project together with its implication effects and over implication in relation to the proposal activities and in its own labor deed were the main focus of this work. Methodological procedures gathered with the intuitionalist field were used in this research, in a way that interventions were made throughout the group in focus together with the teachers enrolled in the program. As first step, discussions surrounding the working activities in the modern societies are developed, trying to enhance its dual and stratifying side. In relation to the docents activities, it enhances how the rupture of these professional existences impacts the teachers. Afterwards the different conceptions of professional education are presented and its interfaces within the policies towards the Adults and young adults education and the regulations of initial teaching formation and continuum teaching formation processes, pointing out the social and political organization surrounding these questions. At the end, different approaches in the docents formation in Brazil are presented. Their conception and the meaning of the activities of the teachers formation are analyzed as a whole, and not only official documents and evidences but also the teachers testimony, throughout speeches while in the focus group about their actions /reactions/ subversion during the process are taking into consideration in this paper. The analysis of these implications comes as a highlight throughout the process of this work

Electrofishing is a commonly used method to capture fish, but not as frequently used for collecting invertebrates, so-called “electrobugging”. It is well known that electrofishing has a negative effect on some organismss, but not many studies have investigated how invertebrates, e.g. invertebrate larvae are affected. There is no knowledge of whether the larva is damaged or killed by electrofishing. Some larvae can be used assess water quality. A measurement of how polluted freshwater is, the three orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) are used, which are very sensitive to pollution and eutrophication in running water. When electrofishing you need to adapt the method due to the water, where an important parameter is the conductivity. In this study, an investigation on how EPT is affected by two different conductivities 15.7 and 25.0 mS/m. How EPT is affected by the catching methods kick sampling and electrobugging. As well as whether there is a difference in catch efficiency between electrobugging and kick sampling depending on the different orders being captured. In this study, the conductivity tests were conducted in a laboratory and the comparison of the two catch methods and catch efficiency were conducted in field. It was 12.5 % of EPT which died in control and 2.5 % died of electrobugging in the two different conductivities. In kick samples, the delayed mortality was higher in the order Trichoptera (31%) than in Ephemeroptera (21%). Water conductivity has no effect on the extent to which EPT is affected by electrobugging at 400V. Only Ephemeroptera is more adversely affected by electrobugging than by kick sampling as a collection method. There is a difference in catch efficiency between electrobugging and kick sampling regarding the order that is caught. / Elfiske är en vanlig metod för att samla in fiskar, men används inte lika ofta för att samla in evertebrater, så kallad ”electrobugging”. Att elfiske påverkar en del organismer negativt är känt men det är inte så många studier som undersökt hur evertebrater t.ex. sländor, påverkas. Det saknas kunskap om huruvida sländorna skadas eller dör till följd av elfisket. Några sländeordningar kan användas för att tala om hur vattnet mår. Ett mått på hur förorenat sötvatten är så används de tre ordningarna Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, och Trichoptera (EPT) vilka är väldigt känsliga för föroreningar och övergödning i rinnandevatten. När man elfiskar behöver man anpassa metoden efter vattnet, där en viktig parameter är konduktiviteten. I denna studie undersöktes hur EPT påverkas av två olika konduktiviteter 15,7 och 25,0 mS/m. Hur EPT påverkas av fångstmetoderna sparkprov och electrobugging. Samt om det finns en skillnad i fångsteffektivitet mellan electrobugging och sparkprover beroende på vilka olika ordningar som fångas. I denna studie gjordes test på konduktivitet i labb och jämförelsen av de två fångstmetoderna och fångsteffektiviteten i fält. Det var 12,5 % av EPT som dog i kontroll och 2,5 % dog av electrobugging i de två olika konduktiviteterna. I sparkprover var den fördröjda dödligheten högre hos Trichoptera (31%) än hos Ephemeroptera (21 %). Vattnets konduktivitet har inte någon betydelse i för i vilken utsträckning EPT påverkas av electrobugging vid 400V. Det är endast Ephemeroptera som påverkas mer negativt av electrobugging än av sparkprover som insamlingsmetod. Det finns en skillnad i fångsteffektivitet mellan electrobugging och sparkprover gällande vilka ordningar man fångar.

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El grafo de intersección de una familia de conjuntos es un grafo cuyos vértices son los miembros de la familia y la adyacencia es definida por la intersección no vacía de los correspondientes miembros. Los grafos de intersección son bastante conocidos y muy estudiados. Algunas clases de grafos definidas como intersección son hereditarias y pueden ser caracterizadas por subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales. Los elementos de las familias y las propiedades que las definen aparecen en varios contextos, modelando diferentes situaciones, inclusive de la vida real, lo que es un incentivo adicional para el estudio de estas clases. Ejemplos clásicos son los grafos de intervalos y los grafos cordales. Un grafo de intervalos es el grafo de intersección de una familia de intervalos en la recta real, o, en forma equivalente, el grafo vértice intersección de una familia de subcaminos de un camino. Llamamos Intervalos a la clase formada por los grafos de intervalos. Un grafo cordal es un grafo sin ciclos inducidos de longitud al menos cuatro. Llamamos Cordal a la clase formada por los grafos cordales. Gavril probó que un grafo es cordal si y sólo si es el grafo vértice intersección de una familia de subárboles de un árbol. Ambas clases han sido cuidadosamente estudiadas en la literatura. Con el fin de definir nuevas clases de grafos representadas por subárboles, se imponen condiciones en los árboles, subárboles y en el tamaño de la intersección. Sean h, s y t enteros positivos; una (h,s,t)-representación de un grafo G consiste de un árbol huésped T y una colección (T_v), siendo v un vértice de G, de subárboles de T, tal que: el grado máximo de T es a lo sumo h; todo subárbol T_v tiene grado máximo a lo sumo s; dos vértices v y w son adyacentes en G si y sólo si los correspondientes subárboles T_v y T_w tienen al menos t vértices en común en T. La clase de grafos que tiene una (h,s,t)-representación es denotada [h,s,t]. Cuando no hay restricción en el grado máximo de T o en el grado máximo de los subárboles, usamos h=∞ y s=∞ respectivamente. De ahí que, [∞, ∞,1] = Cordal y [2,2,1] = Intervalos. Las clases [∞,2,1] y [∞,2,2] son llamadas VPT (vertex intersection graph of paths in a tree) y EPT (edge intersection graph of paths in a tree) respectivamente. VPT y EPT son clases incomparables de grafos. Sin embargo, cuando el grado máximo del árbol huésped es tres la clase de los grafos VPT coincide con la clase de los grafos EPT. Los grafos VPT son útiles en muchas áreas, entre las cuales cabe destacar la genética, arqueología y ecología. Los grafos EPT son usados en aplicaciones de redes, donde el problema de planificación de llamadas no dirigidas en una red que es un árbol es equivalente al problema de colorear un grafo EPT. La red de comunicación está representada como un grafo no dirigido de interconexión, donde cada arista es asociada con una conexión física entre nodos. Una llamada no dirigida es un camino en la red. Cuando la red es un árbol, este modelo es claramente una representación EPT. Colorear el grafo EPT de forma tal que dos vértices adyacentes tengan distintos colores, significa que llamadas no dirigidas que comparten una conexión física tienen que planificarse en distintos momentos. En los últimos años, el estudio de las clases [h,s,t] ha merecido varias publicaciones en la literatura. El mínimo t tal que un grafo dado pertenece a [3,3,t] ha sido estudiado. Se ha demostrado que [3,3,1] = Cordal. Los [4,4,2] grafos han sido caracterizados y se da un algoritmo polinomial para su reconocimiento. Las clases [4,2,2] y [4,3,2] han sido estudiadas. La relación entre diferentes clases de grafos de intersección de caminos en un árbol también ha sido analizada. Gravril mostró que el problema de reconocer a los grafos VPT es polinomial. Por otro lado, el reconocimiento de los grafos EPT es un problema NP-completo. Esta Tesis está organizada de la siguiente forma: El Capítulo 2 contiene definiciones que serán utilizadas en los capítulos siguientes y que son necesarias para entender el texto. En el Capítulo 3 nos enfocamos en las clases [h,2,1] para cualquier h>2 fijo; estas son todas subclases de VPT. Caracterizamos a los grafos [h,2,1] usando el número cromático. Mostramos que el problema de decidir si un grafo VPT dado pertenece a [h,2,1] es NP-completo, mientras que el problema de decidir si el grafo dado pertenece a [h,2,1]-[h-1,2,1] es NP-difícil. Ambos problemas permanecen difíciles aún cuando nos restringimos a la clase VPT ∩ Split. Adicionalmente, presentamos una subclase no trivial de VPT ∩ Split en la cual estos problemas son polinomiales. El caso h=2 no es considerado porque [2,2,1]= Intervalos. Nuestros resultados se aplican para cualquier h>2 fijo, pueden ser vistos como una generalización del caso h=3 el cual coincide con la clase [3,2,1]=[3,2,2]= VPT ∩ EPT = EPT ∩ Cordal. Las clases [h,2,1], son cerradas por subgrafos inducidos, de ahí que cada una puede ser caracterizada por una familia de subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales. Tal familia es conocida sólo para h=2 y hay algunos resultados parciales para h=3. En este Capítulo asociamos los subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para [h,2,1] que son VPT con los grafos (color) críticos. Describimos cómo obtener subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales a partir de los grafos críticos, más aún, mostramos que la familia de grafos obtenida usando nuestro procedimiento es exactamente la familia de subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para [h,2,1] que son VPT. Esta familia junto con la familia de subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para VPT, es la familia de subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para [h,2,1], con h>2. En el Capítulo 4 caracterizamos la clase [h,2,1] por subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para cada h>2 fijo. Cabe destacar que, tomando h=3, obtenemos una caracterización por subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para la clase VPT ∩ EPT = EPT ∩ Cordal=[3,2,2]=[3,2,1]. En el Capítulo 5 damos una nueva condición necesaria para ser un grafo EPT. Para esto nos basamos en la estructura de los cliques de un grafo EPT. Además, encontramos una nueva familia de subgrafos inducidos prohibidos minimales para la clase EPT. En el Capítulo 6 nos enfocamos en los grafos EPT que pueden ser representados en un árbol con grado acotado. Respondemos negativamente una pregunta que Golumbic, Lypshteyn y Stern dejaron abierta, basándonos en la representación EPT que tienen los ciclos de un grafo EPT. Finalmente, en el Capítulo 7, damos algunas conclusiones y analizamos cuáles son los trabajos futuros que nos gustaría realizar.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2015-08-24T16:03:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_ComunidadeInsetosBentonicos.pdf: 2756770 bytes, checksum: ba1072cb40aae7fd5129bd6949263de0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2015-08-25T14:28:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_ComunidadeInsetosBentonicos.pdf: 2756770 bytes, checksum: ba1072cb40aae7fd5129bd6949263de0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T14:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_ComunidadeInsetosBentonicos.pdf: 2756770 bytes, checksum: ba1072cb40aae7fd5129bd6949263de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de conhecer a comunidade de insetos bentônicos em 17 igarapés do Nordeste Paraense, Amazônia Oriental, sob diferentes usos do solo e investigar as variações na abundância, riqueza e diversidade da comunidade de insetos aquáticos com a cobertura vegetal do seu entorno imediato (zona ripária) e de paisagem (vertentes das microbacias onde se insere o igarapé amostrado). Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram coletados entre julho e outubro de 2010, época de menor precipitação. Em cada ponto foram feitas 10 amostragens com Surber para análise quantitativa e três com rede de mão de caráter apenas qualitativo. Para avaliar diferenças entre a riqueza, índice EPT, abundância e a diversidade, foram utilizadas análises de variância e de agrupamento para sumarizar os dados bióticos. Para avaliar as diferenças quanto às escalas de estudo foi empregada a análise ANOSIM seguida da rotina SIMPER. As características ambientais foram avaliadas buscando-se correlacioná-las à composição taxonômica e à distribuição dos táxons através da Análise de Correspondência Canônica (ACC). Um total de 46.371 indivíduos foi coletado, sendo 11.384 com o Surber, distribuídos em 61 táxons com predomínio de insetos aquáticos. As maiores abundâncias observadas foram de Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera e Coleoptera. Abundância, riqueza e EPT foram maiores nos trechos de igarapés com vegetação ripária de floresta antropizada de igapó e microbacias com predomínio de Floresta. As variáveis ambientais de maior influência sobre a comunidade foram porcentagem de ambiente florestal na zona ripária, temperatura média da água, turbidez, porcentagem de liteira grossa e fina, pH, vazão do canal e coeficiente de variação da largura do canal. Os resultados mostraram diferenças quanto à composição da comunidade em relação aos diferentes usos do solo. Através dos descritores ecológicos, foi detectado que as microbacias com maior percentagem de área de floresta antropizada e sucessional e maior percentagem de vegetação ripária de entorno (30m) apresentaram melhores condições ambientais que aqueles onde predominam as pastagens. / This study aimed to know the community of benthic insects in 17 streams in northeastern Pará, Eastern Amazonia under different land uses and investigate the variations in the abundance, richness and diversity of aquatic insect community to vegetation cover the immediate surrounding area (riparian zone) and landscape (slopes of the watershed where it enters the stream sampled). The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected between July and October 2010, the period of lowest rainfall. At each point were made to 10 Surber samples for quantitative analysis and three hand-net only qualitative character. To evaluate differences between the richness, EPT abundance and diversity, we used an ANOVA and cluster analysis to summarize the biotic data. For differences in the scales of study were then used an ANOSIM and routine SIMPER. Environmental characteristics were also evaluated searching to correlate them to the taxonomic composition and distribution of taxa by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 46,371 individuals were collected, in which 11,384 with Surber, distributed in 61 taxa with a predominance of aquatic insects. The highest abundances were observed Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Abundance, richness and EPT were greater in sections of streams to riparian vegetation and watershed predominantly of igapó anthropic forest (references). The environmental variables of greatest influence on the community were percentage of forest environment in the riparian zone, average water temperature, turbidity, percentage of coarse and fine litter, pH, flow channel and coefficient of variation of channel width. The results showed differences in community composition in relation to different land uses. Through the ecological descriptors, it was detected that the watershed with the highest percentage of anthropic forest area and successional and higher percentage of riparian vegetation surrounding (30m) showed better environmental conditions than those dominated pastures.

<p>This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the&nbsp / problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma.</p>