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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Redes neurais artificiais e algoritmo genético no estudo de sistemas quânticos.

Clóvis Caetano 18 March 2005 (has links)
Apresentamos neste trabalho um método desenvolvido com o objetivo de resolver as equações que regem o comportamento de sistemas quânticos com a utilização de Redes Neurais Artificiais. Detalhamos duas possíveis abordagens da física quântica: i) a descrição em termos da função de onda, ou representação de Schrödinger; ii) a descrição em termos da densidade eletrônica, desenvolvida a partir do modelo de Thomas-Fermi e da teoria do Funcional Densidade. Uma rede neural do tipo multicamada unidirecional com três camadas (de entrada, oculta e de saída) é utilizada para representar a função de onda ou a densidade eletrônica do sistema. Treinamos essa rede através do Algoritmo Genético, minimizando um funcional adequado a cada abordagem quântica. Esta metodologia foi aplicada à equação de Schrödinger para os seguintes sistemas de uma partícula: oscilador harmônico simples, oscilador duplo, potencial de Morse e átomo de hidrogênio. Em todos os casos, a energia do estado fundamental foi obtida com erro absoluto menor que 0,1% em relação aos valores exatos. Também resolvemos a equação de Thomas-Fermi e as equações auto-consistentes de Kohn-Sham para o átomo de Hooke e átomos de hélio, lítio e berílio. Nossos resultados foram comparados com resultados analíticos, quando disponíveis, ou com resultados obtidos por outros métodos numéricos. Para o átomo de Hooke, o erro absoluto entre o valor da energia encontrado pela rede e o resultado analítico foi de 0,6%.
2

Three-band quantum well infrared photodetector using interband and intersubband transitions.

Fábio Durante Pereira Alves 26 June 2008 (has links)
This thesis presents the modeling, design, fabrication and characterization of a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) capable of detecting near infrared (NIR), mid wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR), simultaneously. The NIR detection was achieved using interband transition while MWIR and LWIR were based on intersubband transition in the conduction band. The quantum-well structure was modeled by solving self-consistently the Schrödinger and Poisson equations with the help of the shooting method. A sample with three different stacks of quantum wells formed by different configurations of GaAs, AlGaAs and InGaAs, separated by n-doped GaAs contact layers was grown on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate using MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy). Intersubband absorption in the sample was measured for the MWIR and LWIR using Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and the measured peak positions were found at 5.3 and 8.7 ?m, respectively which are within 5% of the theoretical values, indicating the good accuracy of the self-consistent model. The test photodetectors were fabricated using a standard photolithography process with exposed middle contacts to allow separate bias and readout of signals from the three wavelength bands. A 45 degree facet was polished to allow light coupling. Performance analyses were conducted in order to obtain the I-V characteristics, responsivity and detectivity of each detection band. The background-limited infrared performance (BLIP) for the LWIR quantum wells shows an upper operating temperature of about 70 K, limiting the overall device. Photocurrent spectroscopy was performed and gave three peaks at 0.84, 5.0 and 8.5 m wavelengths with approximately 0.5, 0.03 and 0.13 A/W peak responsivities for NIR, MWIR and LWIR bands, respectively. Estimated peak detectivities, limited by the number of quantum well repetitions, are 140, 1.6 and 1.2x109 cm.Hz1/2/W for NIR, MWIR and LWIR, respectively. The overall results demonstrate the possibility of detection of widely separated wavelength bands, in a single pixel device, using interband and intersubband transitions in quantum wells.

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