The thermophysical properties of supercritical CO₂ and H₂O-CO₂ mixtures are reviewed and their computation and prediction improved through theory and experiment. A resolution is attempted among inconsistencies between and within data sets, including P-V-T measurements, phase equilibrium experiments and equations of state. Pure carbon dioxide: Equations of state for CO₂ (Kerrick & Jacobs, 1981; Bottinga & Richet, 1981; Holloway, 1977) are based solely on P-V-T data up to 8 kbar and lead to deviations from phase equilibrium data at pressures greater than 10-20 kbar. Mathematical programming analysis has been applied to the fitting of parameters for an equation of state using simultaneously constraints from phase equilibrium and P-V-T data. Phase equilibrium data up to 42 kbar are used to define a feasible region for the adjustable parameters in free energy space. Each half-bracket places an inequality constraint on the fugacity of CO₂ provided the thermophysical properties of the solid phases are known. Except for magnesite thermophysical data from the mineral data base of Berman (1988) were used. A least squares objective function served to optimize parameters to P-V-T data. The enthalpy of formation of magnesite was revised on the basis of recent low pressure phase equilibrium experiments by Philipp (1988) to —1112.505 kj/mole. Piston-cylinder experiments were performed to constrain the equilibrium magnesite ⇌ periclase + CO₂ at high pressure. The equilibrium boundary is located at 12.1(±1) kbar, 1173-1183 °C (±10), and at 21.5(±1) kbar, 1375-1435 °C (±10). A van der Waals type equation of state with five adjustable parameters has been developed for CO₂. The function is smooth and continous above the critical region, behaves well in the high and low pressure limits, and the calculation of ʃ VdP for free energy does not require numerical integration. Computed free energies are consistent with all phase equilibrium data at high pressure, and computed volumes agree reasonably with P-V-T measurements. The proposed equation is: [ Equation omitted ] with B₁ = 28.0647, B₂ = 1.7287.10⁻⁴, B3 = 83653, A₁ = 1.0948.10⁹, A₂ = 3.3 7 47.10⁹, and R = 83.147, in units of Kelvin, bar and cm³/mole. The equation is recommended up to 50 kbar and above 400 K with reasonable extrapolation capabilities. A FORTRAN source code to evaluate the volume and fugacity is provided. Thermophysical properties for the calcium carbonate polymorphs calcite-I, IV, V, and aragonite were derived that are consistent with phase equilibrium experiments. Data required for further improvement include high pressure phase equilibria involving CO₂, constraints on the thermal expansion of magnesite, and P-V-T data to resolve inconsistencies among existing measurements. Water-carbon dioxide mixtures: The two widely used equations of state for H₂O-CO₂ mixtures are those proposed by Kerrick & Jacobs (1981) and by Holloway (1977)-Flowers (1979). Evaluation of existing equations and data is difficult due to inconsistencies among experimental studies. P-V-T-X data by Franck ＆ Todheide (1959) are inconsistent with data by Greenwood (1973) and Gehrig (1980), and cannot be reconciled with measured phase equilibria in H₂O-CO₂ fluid mixtures. Data by Greenwood and Gehrig are in loose agreement but extend only to 600 bar and do not constrain activities at higher pressures. A procedure is developed for using experimental phase equilibrium constraints to put limits on the fugacities of components of the fluid mixture. Inconsistencies among phase equilibrium studies are discussed. It is concluded that the data base available is not yet adequate to derive a reliable equation of state for H₂O-CO₂ mixtures. Future work must include P-V-T-X measurements to 8 kbar and phase equilibrium studies to resolve inconsistencies. These can constrain deviations from ideal mixing in the fluid phase, and constrain specific volumes at high pressures where P-V-T-X data connot be obtained. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This dissertation includes four independent essays. Essay one (chapter two) considers a two-echelon, two-supply chain (SC) system in which manufacturers supply a generic product to their exclusive retailers, who then use service level and retail price to compete for heterogeneous consumers. We question: how do varied consumer preferences get reflected not only in differentiated products/services, but through them to the choice of SC structure that delivers them? We find that SCs can strategically manipulate the product/service strategy and SC structure to hedge themselves from horizontal competition. The key finding is that in a market where consumers have stronger diminishing marginal utility on service, then less differentiated products/services will be observed, and only decentralized supply chains can be the market equilibrium. This is in contrast to the well-known result in marketing that choosing vertical integration is always a Nash equilibrium, and that choosing decentralization can only be a Nash equilibrium when product substitutability is high. Essay two (chapter three) explores the classical revenue management problem in a competitive context, with both price and seat inventory competition. The main question is how should management make strategic marketing (pricing) and operational (seat allocation) decisions in such a competitive market? Do the conventional approaches (models and algorithms based on a monopoly market) give us the appropriate strategies? We find that in a market where price competition dominates, managers should set a lower price and safety protection level for full fare customers than in a monopoly or alliance market. In a market where seat inventory competition dominates, managers should set a higher price and safety protection level than a monopoly or alliance would. Interestingly, in a market where the two levels of competition are more evenly matched, managers should set a lower price and a higher safety protection level than a monopoly. We also explore the effect of the degree of competition and the market structure on the strategic decisions, and whether there is a first adopter advantage or second adopter disadvantage with revenue management. Essay three aims to extend the understanding of the Newsvendor model to a competitive framework. In a market with both price and inventory competition, newsvendors can gain customers with price and secure the sales with availability. We find that the newsvendors should adjust their inventory (safety stock or total inventory) and pricing strategies responsively to the nature of the competitive market. The profits of the newsvendors and their suppliers are also different under different competitive contexts. Both the Nash equilibrium strategy and the players' profits are influenced by the demand correlation and variability, but in different ways under different competitive scenarios. These observations provide some theoretical basis for the strategic selection made by newsvendors operating in certain competitive markets. Essay four (chapter five) explores the issue of competitors cooperating. It is a commonplace observation that even the most competitive firms often find it in their best interests to cooperate. An example of cooperation in operations management is when two supply chains agree in advance to transship or 'pool' surplus product for use by another. The alternative is to let their customers switch unsatisfied demand to a competitor. Which is preferable, and how does such a preference depend on the many parameters, prices, the nature of competition, the degree of competition, wholesale prices etc? To get answers, we study a stylized model under three market environments: a market with an exogenous retail price, an endogenous retail price, and with price competition. The summary answer is that strong price competition between substitutable goods should lead to caution in signing transshipment contracts. But with little price competition and particularly where retailers are free to set the transshipment price, then transshipment is probably the way to go. We also address the issue of an optimal transshipment price in each scenario, and compare the Nash equilibrium strategies between competing and transshipping. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are among the most influential tools in applied economics. In the past few years, however, some serious questions have been raised about the validity of these models. The core of the critique is that the parameter selection criteria and the functional forms used are at odds with contemporary standards of practice in econometrics. After surveying the relevant literature, which I refer to as the 'econometric critique', a formal summary of the case against standard CGE modeling is presented, as is an alternative econometric-based modeling strategy which answers the critique. I then work through a comparative CGE modeling experiment designed to assess the contrasting methods. It is found that the parameter selection rule influences model predictions in individual sectors, but industry- and economy-wide aggregates do not appear to be much affected by reparameterizing a CGE model according to econometric criteria. By contrast, the choice of functional forms affects not only industry-specific results, but aggregate results as well, even for small policy shocks. However flexible functional forms are difficult to implement in CGE models because global monotonicity must be maintained. In the second and third chapters, I adapt one of the models to analyze the effects of carbon taxes in Canada. I review an approach called 'double dividend' taxation, in which the revenues from carbon taxes are used to reduce the rates of other distortionary taxes, so an overall efficiency gain can potentially be realized whether or not the reduction in pollution improves welfare. This eliminates the need to measure benefits, and in an international context, would obviate the free-rider problem. I demonstrate the existence of a double dividend strategy for carbon taxation in Canada in the short run. In chapter three, however, a long run extension of the model shows that the double dividend does not persist over time. Nevertheless, choosing an efficient revenue-recycling option can significantly reduce the implementation cost of the carbon tax. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

D.Ed. (Didactics) / This study focused on the misconceptions which exist among standerd ten pupils in the field of chemical equilibrium and the rate of chemical reactions. Although the teacher Is confident that meaningful teaching occurs In the classroom situation, misconceptions do materialise frequently. Several factors concerning the pupil, the teacher as well as the subject content Itself were Investigated. The main objective of this study Is to Investigate the nature and extent of the misconceptions regarding the rate of chemical reactions and the chemical equilibrium experienced by standard ten pupils. Following this, pupils are exposed to a computer program which has been complied to eliminate the misconceptions regarding these two themes...

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

Orientador: Mario de Jesus Mendes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T19:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schmitz_JonesErni_D.pdf: 1427141 bytes, checksum: 5c994ce371331fd4c3ac0f3e3861f49b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A simulação de processos é um componente fundamental de uma grande variedade de atividades de Engenharia de Processos, tais como a Otimização Online, o controle em Tempo Real, a Identificação, etc. O cálculo de Equilíbrio de Fases é uma atividade fundamental em qualquer simulação de processos de separação. O elevado tempo computacional deste cálculo provocado pela sua natureza iterativa pode criar incompatibilidades entre a atividade de simulação e as aplicações em tempo real que ela integra. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método alternativo simples, mas suficientemente preciso, para realizar os cálculos de equilíbrio de fases na simulação de processos de separação de sistemas complexos. Entende-se por tal, sistemas que apresentam problemas de Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido e de Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido-Vapor, como é o caso dos que possuem um Azeótropo Heterogêneo. Pelas suas propriedades, as Redes Neurais Artificiais surgem naturalmente como candidatas alternativas para esta tarefa. Como objeto de aplicação foram escolhidos dois sistemas que apresentam um azeótropo heterogêneo, o sistema binário acetato de etila - água e o sistema ternário etanol - acetato de etila - água. Para gerar os dados usados no treinamento das redes foi implementado um método convencional de cálculo de equilíbrio de fases, adequado à complexidade dos sistemas escolhidos, o método de Pham & Doherty. Para a resolução do problema da estabilidade de fases, a primeira etapa do cálculo do equilíbrio de fases, foram testados dois tipos de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs), as Redes Neurais Artificiais Probabilísticas (RNAPs) e os Perceptrons. Com os perceptrons foram encontradas dificuldades para atingir a precisão desejada, sendo necessário recorrer a perceptrons com várias camadas escondidas. Já as RNAPs apresentaram uma excelente precisão, embora a sua simulação seja mais lenta. Perceptrons simples de uma só camada escondida foram usados com êxito na solução da segunda etapa do cálculo de equilíbrio de fases, o problema da divisão de fases. Combinando as redes desenvolvidas para cada uma das etapas foi criada uma ferramenta que permite resolver qualquer problema de equilíbrio de fases para os sistemas estudados. A precisão dos resultados fornecidos pelas redes neurais é comparável à dos apresentados pelos métodos tradicionais, mas os cálculos do equilíbrio de fases feitos usando redes neurais foram mais rápidos. Pode-se concluir que as redes neurais artificiais constituem uma alternativa válida aos métodos tradicionais do cálculo do equilíbrio de fases baseados em equações de estado para sistemas complexos como os avaliados / Abstract: Process simulation is a basic component of different Process Engineering activities such as On-line Optimization, Model Predictive Control, Identification, etc. The calculation of Phase Equilibrium appears as a fundamental task in any simulation of a separation process. However, the high computational time due to the iterative nature of this calculation makes it oft unsuitable for use with real time process analysis and synthesis strategies. The objective of this work is to develop a simple but accurate method to perform the phase equilibrium calculations required to the study of the behavior of complex systems. As such we mind those systems who present liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid-liquid phase equilibrium problems, such as systems with a heterogeneous azeotrope do. Given their inherent ability to learn and recognize non-linear and highly complex relationships, artificial neural networks (ANNs) appear to be well suited for such a task. Two chemical systems, the binary ethyl acetate ¿ water and the ternary ethanol ¿ ethyl acetate ¿ water were chosen; both systems present a miscibility gap and a heterogeneous azeotrope. The data sets used to train the ANNs were computed using the method of Pham & Doherty. Two kinds of neural networks were tried to solve the phase stability problem, namely the probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) and the perceptrons. In order to attain an acceptable precision perceptrons had to be trained with several hidden layers. Even though, PNNs got slightly better results than the perceptrons. Simple perceptrons were able to deliver the required precision when trained to predict the compositions of phases in equilibrium. Coupling the ANNs trained for phase stability with those trained for phase division a tool was obtained that can solve any phase equilibrium problem for the two chosen systems. Predictions made with the use of neural networks were faster than those made using the traditional methods, and delivered comparable precision / Doutorado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Ibsen Bellini Coimbra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricci_NataliaAquaroni_M.pdf: 749854 bytes, checksum: 6d38565ef0ceed8c74de281e2e869d5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O processamento do controle postural tem início com a comunicação entre o ambiente e corpo, feita por meio dos sistemas sensoriais. Com o envelhecimento, estes sistemas são afetados pela diminuição da reserva funcional e/ ou doenças, predispondo o idoso à instabilidade e quedas. Objetivo: Analisar a influência das informações sensoriais no equilíbrio estático de idosos, comparando-os, em grupos, quanto ao histórico de quedas (sem queda, uma queda e quedas recorrentes) no último ano. Método: Pesquisa descritiva comparativa de corte transversal. Amostra constituída por idosos da comunidade cadastrados em unidade de saúde da família, selecionados e divididos por grupos em consulta ao banco de dados de pesquisa populacional sobre envelhecimento no município de Amparo (SP). Cada grupo foi reduzido a 32 sujeitos por filtro de gênero e faixa etária. O protocolo de avaliação incluiu dados sociodemográficos, clínicofuncionais, psicocognitivos e de equilíbrio estático. O equilíbrio foi avaliado pelo CTSIB que analisa a capacidade de manutenção da estabilidade frente a seis condições de conflitos sensoriais. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados por meio dos testes de Qui-quadrado, ANOVA, Teste-T e Correlação de Pearson; todos com nível de significância a 5%. Resultados: Houve maior número de casos anormais ao CTSIB para o Grupo de quedas recorrentes em relação ao Grupo sem quedas nas condições 4 (p=0,012) e 5 (p=0,017); e ao Grupo de uma queda na condição 4 (p=0,052). Quanto ao tempo despendido, o Grupo de quedas recorrentes permaneceu menos tempo do que o Grupo sem quedas nas condições 4 (p=0,043), 5 (p=0,042) e 6 (p=0,052). Na progressão do CTSIB, os Grupos sem quedas e uma queda apresentaram menor tempo despendido da condição 4 para a 5 (p=0,016 e p=0,012, respectivamente) e o Grupo de quedas recorrentes teve menor desempenho da condição 1 para a 2 (p=0,039) e da 4 para a 5 (p=0,001). A idade foi a variável de maior associação com a informação sensorial nos três grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados revelam que a interação sensorial nos idosos difere quanto ao histórico de quedas e que no Grupo de quedas recorrentes há maior dependência no sistema somatossensorial e visual. Com esses dados, é possível direcionar o processo de reabilitação e prevenção por meio do treinamento e/ou compensação das estratégias deficitárias e diminuição da dependência sensorial / Abstract: The processing of postural control starts with the environment and body communication, through sensorial systems. Because of the ageing, these systems are affected by the functional decrease and/or diseases, predisposing the elderly to instability and falls. Objective: This work is aimed at analyzing the influence of sensorial information in the elderly¿s static balance comparing them in groups, according to the report of falls (without fall, one fall and recurrent falls) in the last year. Method: A transversal descriptive comparative research. The sample was composed by community-dwelling elderly, which were registered in the Health Family Unit. They were selected and divided into groups by means of consultation of the database on a population research about aging in the Municipal District of Amparo (SP). Each group was reduced to 32 subjects by gender and age filter. The evaluation protocol included socialdemographic, health, physical, psychological and cognitive status, and static balance performance data. The balance was evaluated by CTSIB, which analyzes the stability maintenance capacity according to six sensorial conflicts conditions. The descriptive and inferential analysis was accomplished by means of the tests: Qui-squared, ANOVA, T-Test and Pearson Correlation; with significance level of 5%. Results: There was a larger number of CTSIB abnormal cases for the Group of recurrent falls in comparison to the Group without falls in the conditions 4 (p=0.012) and 5 (p=0.017); and to the Group of one fall in the condition 4 (p=0.052). As for the time performance, the Group of recurrent falls remained less time than the Group without falls in the conditions 4 (p=0.043), 5 (p=0.042) and 6 (p=0.052). In relation to the CTSIB progression, the Groups without falls, and one fall presented less time from the condition 4 to 5 (p=0.016 and p=0.012, respectively); and the Group of recurrent falls had a worse performance from the condition 1 to 2 (p=0.039) and from the condition 4 to 5 (p=0.001). The variable age was presented the largest association with the sensorial information for all the groups. Conclusion: The results showed that the sensorial interaction in the elderly varies according to the history of falling. They also revealed that there is a larger dependence on the visual and somatosensory systems for the Group of recurrent falls. In this way, it is possible to guide the rehabilitation process and prevention with training and/or compensation of deficient strategies and decrease the sensorial dependence / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T11:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EliasJunior_Antonio_D.pdf: 4086783 bytes, checksum: 191c12f04f51818fb12b75a3c273b418 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata da caracterização experimental de petróleo em misturas contendo diferentes conteúdos de CO2. Os resultados experimentais são analisados através de correlações de propriedades PVT e de simulação computacional. O trabalho visa atender a notável carência de dados públicos sobre propriedades termodinâmicas de petróleo contendo CO2. Os dados PVT avaliados neste estudo contemplam ponto de bolha, ponto de orvalho, razão de solubilidade do óleo, fator volume-formação do óleo, fator volume-formação do gás, fator de compressibilidade do gás, fator de inchamento do óleo, massa específica do óleo, densidade do gás, viscosidade do óleo. São também avaliadas as cromatografias do óleo do reservatório, recombinado e também as cromatografias dos gases coletados durante o ensaio de liberação diferencial. As correlações utilizadas na análise resultados foram as de Standing, Valko-McCain, Al-Shammasi, Dindoruk, Beggs-Robinson e Vasquez & Beggs. Os principais fatores de seleção das correlações foram o espectro de dados dos quais se originaram as correlações e a média do erro relativo absoluto. As correlações selecionadas reproduziram bem os resultados obtidos no laboratório para o fator volume-formação, a razão de solubilidade do gás, o ponto de bolha e a viscosidade. A simulação computacional foi aplicada na análise dos resultados e na obtenção do envelope de fases da mistura através do ajuste da equação de estado de Peng-Robinson. O método usado para a simulação foi o de Coats & Smart, porém foram feitas modificações desse método para um melhor ajuste. O método adaptado reproduziu adequadamente os dados experimentais, sendo que todos os ajustes apresentaram um desvio padrão percentual menor que 6%. O envelope de fases descrito pelo simulador é considerado representativo do sistema, com boa aproximação. Com os resultados obtidos, foram realizadas análises das propriedades da mistura e do comportamento do equilíbrio de fases em decorrência das variações das concentrações molares de CO2, da temperatura e da pressão. Foi a constatado o surgimento de uma terceira fase líquida em algumas condições de tese configurando um equilíbrio L-L-V / Abstract: The present work refers to the experimental characterization of petroleum mixtures with variable contents of CO2. The experimental results are, analyzed via PVT properties correlations and computer model simulations. The work aims to cover the remarkable lack of public data on thermodynamic properties of petroleum containing CO2. The PVT data analyzed in the study comprise bubble point, dew point, oil solubility rate, gas and oil formation volume factor, gas compressibility factor, swelling test, oil density, gas density, oil viscosity. The chromatography of the recombined reservoir oil and also the chromatography of gases mixture collected during the differential liberation test are also evaluated. The correlations used in the analysis of the results were Standing, Valko-McCain, Al-Shammasi, Dindoruk, Beggs-Robinson e Vasquez & Beggs. The principal criteria used in the selection of the correlations were the range of data which originated the correlations and the average absolute relative error. The correlations reproduced well the results obtained in the laboratory for the formation volume factor, gas solubility ratio, bubble point and viscosity. The computer model simulation was used to analyze the data and also to define the phase envelope of the mixture by adjusting Peng-Robinson's state equation. The method used in the simulation was developed by Coats & Smart, but some modifications were made to obtain a better match. The modified method reproduced adequately the experimental results, within a standard deviation less than 6%. The phase envelope obtained from the simulation is considered, with good approximation, representative of the system. Once with the results obtained were performed analyses of the properties and phase equilibrium behavior of the mixture related with the CO2 molar concentration, temperature and pressure. A third liquid phase was observed in some conditions of the tests configuring a L-L-V phase equilibrium / Doutorado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

This thesis investigates environmental and energy policies that Turkey needs to adopt on its way to a sustainable development path. A comparative-static, multi-sectoral CGE model, TurkMod, is developed in order to analyze the potential scenarios available for the Turkish economy to attain a low-carbon society with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports. Domestic energy demand has significantly increased in Turkey over the past decades and this has put a lot of pressure on policy-makers as the economy greatly depends on imports of natural gas and oil as far as current energy consumption is concerned. The CGE model in this study is based on a 2012 energy-disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) constructed as a part of this thesis as well. The energy-disaggregated SAM incorporates 18 sectors for production activities, 11 products as commodities, 2 factors of production as labor and capital, 3 institutional accounts as firms, households, and the government, a separate account for taxes on commodities, taxes on production and taxes on different types of factor use, a capital account, and finally the rest of the world (ROW) account. Disaggregating the electricity sector to include 8 different types of power generating sectors (5 of which are renewable energy sources) enables electric power substitution in the model. The energy-disaggregated SAM is further linked with satellite accounts which include data on derived energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The macroeconomic and environmental impacts of four distinct sets of scenarios are analyzed with respect to the baseline scenario. The first scenario simulates a 30% increase in energy efficiency in the production sectors and the residential sector and evidence is found for reaching the 21% GHG mitigation target set in Turkey’s pledge for Paris Agreement compliance. The second set of scenarios is the inclusion of a medium-level and high-level carbon tax rates for coal, oil and natural gas. The carbon tax scenarios produce significant effects on both emission reduction targets and substituting fossil fuel technologies with cleaner energy types. The third scenario investigates the sectoral and welfare impacts of providing subsidies for renewable energy sources. Turkey has already adopted a scheme where renewable energies are beings subsidized and promoted, however, this policy does not produce the necessary transformation for the Turkish society when utilized solely on its own. The fourth scenario estimates the effects of changes in world prices of energy on the Turkish economy. A 20% increase in world energy prices, i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal, induces substantial changes in the breakdown of TPES and the power-generating sector, but this scenario is a rather hypothetical one as it cannot be suggested as a viable policy option. All in all, these potential energy scenarios have significant and influential impacts on the Turkish economy and its environment. Notwithstanding, a carbon tax policy proves to be the most viable scenario which leads to reduced energy intensities in all sectors, a 21% GHG emissions abatement, and a transformation of the energy sector towards having a low-carbon content along with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador: Lizandra Amoroso / Resumo: A urolitíase é enfermidade com importância econômica para a ovinocultura, que causa a saída prematura de ovinos machos destinados à reprodução, custos com tratamento e morte. A associação entre avaliação hemogasométrica, pesquisa de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como biomarcadores precoces e o estudo morfométrico do trato urinário pode ser empregada como método de auxílio diagnóstico precoce para a doença. Com esse objetivo, foram utilizados 14 ovinos hígidos, machos (não castrados), da raça Santa Inês com idade aproximada de 90 dias. Os ovinos receberam dieta experimental hiperfosfórica durante todo o período experimental, foram examinados semanalmente e após desenvolvimento da urolitíase, reorganizados em dois grupos experimentais distintos D1 (sem urolitíase) e D2 (com urolitíase) para análise comparada dos dados. No período pré-experimental e no dia do abate foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para avaliação hemogasométrica. Para mensurar as imunoglobulinas (A e G) e as PFA, analisaram-se as amostras dos ovinos que desenvolveram a urolitíase (D2). As coletas de sangue foram realizadas semanalmente até a manifestação clínica da enfermidade, totalizando 16 amostras. Ao término do experimento foi realizado o abate e necropsia dos ovinos, para descrição das alterações patológicas e a análise morfométrica. Fragmentos do trato urinário e fígado foram coletados e submetidos à rotina histológica e as lâminas histológicas foram descritas, seguindo-se a histomorfometria. Embo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Urolithiasis is an economically important disease for male sheep production that causes the premature calving of sheep for breeding, treatment costs and death. The association between hemogasometric evaluation, acute phase protein (APP) research as early biomarkers and urinary tract morphometric study can be employed as an early diagnostic aid for the disease. For this purpose, 14 healthy male (non-castrated) Santa Inês sheep, approximately 90 days old, were used. Sheep received a hyperphosphoric experimental diet throughout the experimental period, were examined weekly and after development of urolithiasis, reorganized into two distinct experimental groups D1 (without urolithiasis) and D2 (with urolithiasis) for comparative analysis of the data. In the pre-experimental period and on the day of slaughter, venous blood samples were collected for hemogasometric evaluation. To measure immunoglobulins (A and G) and APP, samples from sheep that developed urolithiasis (D2) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected weekly until the clinical manifestation of the disease, totaling 16 samples. At the end of the experiment, sheep were slaughtered and necropsied to describe the pathological changes and the morphometric analysis. Urinary tract and liver fragments were collected and submitted to histological routine and histological slides were described, followed by histomorphometry. Although blood pH was not different (P < 0.05) between groups, sheep that developed urolithiasis had com... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor