Ingeniero Civil de Minas / El molibdeno comúnmente se encuentra asociado con cobre en depósitos porfíricos, sin embargo, en ocasiones su continuidad espacial es baja, por ende, su estimación es compleja en los modelos de recursos tradicionales. Recientemente, ha aumentado el uso y relevancia del análisis hiperespectral, no tan solo en exploración, sino que también en el área de la geometalurgia, específicamente reconociendo el comportamiento de minerales de ganga en procesos aguas abajo y permitiendo la determinación de minerales valiosos a partir de la caracterización de minerales de ganga, utilizando para esto indicadores. En comparación con otros métodos de caracterización, la información hiperespectral presenta ventajas tales como: una alta velocidad de escaneo, gran objetividad en relación al registro geológico tradicional, carácter no destructivo y bajos a nulos requerimientos de preparación de muestras. El presente trabajo corresponde a un caso de estudio de un depósito tipo pórfido granodiorítico con una marcada mineralización de molibdeno, localizado en el norte de Chile (Proyecto Esperanza Sur, Antofagasta Minerals S.A.). En el estudio, se cuenta con información hiperespectral de diferentes zonas del depósito utilizando la tecnología del Hylogger-3, junto con información de análisis químico y análisis mineralógico tipo QEMSCAN, para generar un indicador que permite entregar probabilidades espaciales de mineralización de molibdeno asociado a los minerales de ganga identificados. La metodología, primeramente, evalúa la información mineralógica en términos de continuidad y correlación espacial con los datos químicos disponibles de molibdeno, a continuación, la información se discretiza y categoriza, definiendo umbrales de leyes de molibdeno para definir lo que se considera mineral o estéril, tercero, se asignan probabilidades utilizando el Teorema de Bayes, considerando las características de los minerales seleccionados y finalmente, se realiza una validación cruzada del modelo. Los resultados obtenidos agregan información a un 15.5% del total de muestras analizadas, en las que no se registra mineralización de molibdeno según la ley de corte establecida, pero que dadas las condiciones de los minerales estudiados, existe una alta probabilidad de que esta ocurra, conclusión obtenida a partir de la información misma del depósito, factor que podría atribuirse al efecto pepita. El indicador generado busca identificar y predecir la existencia y tendencia de la mineralización de molibdeno en el depósito, reduciendo la incertidumbre e incrementando el valor agregado del negocio minero.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-113). Also available via the Internet.

No description available.

En la presente investigación se examinaron la esperanza y las razones para vivir, y la relación entre ambas, en un grupo de 78 mujeres privadas de su libertad en dos penales modelo de Lima Metropolitana, con un rango de edad entre los 18 y 30 años. Se utilizó la Escala de Esperanza de Herth (HHS) y el inventario de Razones para Vivir en Adultos Jóvenes (RFL-YA). Además, se exploró el comportamiento de los constructos según características sociodemográficas como grado de instrucción; y jurídicas, como situación jurídica y tiempo de sentencia. Se halló que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de Agencia en relación a las demás áreas de esperanza, y Desesperanza fue aquella con los menores niveles. Entre las razones para vivir, Expectativas a Futuro fue las más valorada, mientras que Relaciones con Pares fue la menos importante. Además, se hallaron relaciones significativas entre las áreas de ambos constructos. En las comparaciones de grupo, se encontraron diferencias significativas según situación jurídica en el área de esperanza de Optimismo/Soporte Espiritual, así como en la razón para vivir de Autoevaluación Positiva. En ésta, además, se encontraron diferencias según grado de instrucción y tiempo de sentencia. / This study examined hope, the reasons for living, and their relation among a group of 78 incarcerated women between the ages of 18 and 30. The instruments that were used are the Herth Hope Scale (HHS) and the Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults (RFL-YA). This investigation also accounts for socio demographic factors such as education level; and legal factors, such as legal status, and prison sentence. Results show that the women in the group present higher levels of Agency in comparison to the other areas of hope, while Hopelessness was the area with the lowest levels. Amongst the reasons for living, the most important reason in the group is Future Expectations, and the least important is Peer Relations. Significant correlations were found between the different areas of hope and reasons for living. Significant differences were also found between people with different educational level, legal status and time of sentence.

The case of Esperanza in the Dominican Republic illustrates graphically that land reform is used by governmental leaders as a political tool; although land reform is continuously promised in the Dominican Republic, it is rarely delivered. The state has realized autonomy from class factions by alternately appeasing different class factions (Grindle 1986). The promise and occasional delivery of land reform in the Dominican Republic is one of the most powerful tools the governmental leaders have to appease the Dominican peasantry. Through the promise of reform, governmental leaders are able to control the rural campesinos while the economic position of the peasantry is continually compromised; campesinos are increasingly forced to live dualistic lives as wage laborers and farmers (de Janvry 1981; Grindle 1986). This thesis centers attention on Esperanza, a small village in the northwestern part of the country. The sugar mill there has been closed, and the Dominican President Joaquin Balaguer has promised much of Esperanza's land to land reform. As I have shown, the promised land reform has been unsuccessful. Further, I suggest that the promise of reform in Esperanza was made more for pragmatic political reasons than for humanitarian ones. Balaguer was lacking support in his 1990 bid for reelection, and he used land reform in Esperanza both to bolster his weak standings at the polls and to stifle rumbling complaints about the other closed sugar mills whose land had gone exclusive to large land holders, Dole Pineapple for one, at the expense of the rural dwellers. Moreover, recipients of land in Esperanza were from Ba1aguer>s political party. / Master of Science

El objetivo central de esta tesis es presentar el método de Lee Carter para la construcción de tablas dinámicas de mortalidad. Si bien es cierto que estas tablas se pueden utilizar en cualquier campo cuyo interés sea estudiar la evolución de la mortalidad en una población, en este trabajo, el desarrollo está orientado al campo actuarial. Por esta razón, en todos los capítulos, siempre que sea posible, se hace mención a conceptos actuariales. Esta tesis está organizada de la siguiente manera, en el primer capítulo se definen las funciones biométricas, las tablas de mortalidad y se realizan describen algunas aplicaciones en el sector actuarial, utilizando la notación correspondiente. Luego, en el segundo capítulo se definen las tablas dinámicas de mortalidad y se describe el método de Lee Carter. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo, se construyen tablas de mortalidad dinámicas mediante el método de Lee Carter, se calcula la esperanza de vida al nacer y se presentan algunas aplicaciones en el análisis actuarial. Cabe indicar que, para la construcción de las tablas de mortalidad dinámicas mediante el método de Lee Carter se utiliza el paquete demography del lenguaje R.

Women often harbor ingrained attitudes that restrain them from achieving a successful career. They retain deep-seated attitudes that confine them to a self-defined space based on internalized patriarchal standards. Some women do achieve success in spite of the challenges they face. Esperanza Spalding, a young, African-American woman jazz instrumentalist is one such success story. She defies convention, plays an unconventional musical instrument in a musical genre that is historically deemed a masculine world. My thesis discusses the difficult path she traverses between feminist ideals and commercial success. It discusses what characteristics of femininity she chooses to display. Some intentional, some based on ingrained stereotypical standards set by society. Like wearing a gown to perform at the White House. It seems a normal standard of dress for a female in the West for such an occasion but it is based on a standard of what is appropriate dress for a man and for a woman. It is based on binary gender roles created by a patriarchal system. Esperanza was relatively unknown by the general public before she beat out Justin Bieber to win the 2011 Grammy for Best New Artist, yet she had already released three solo albums and was highly regarded by both critics and her jazz peers. Although extremely talented, it was not until her performance persona was molded by her management company that she became famous. The music industry and her management team are mostly controlled by men. Her mentors were mostly men. The male ideal of femininity is reinforced by the music industry, mass media, and in some cases, women themselves. Frequently, a female instrumentalist who plays the upright bass, a seemingly masculine instrument, is perceived as a novelty, but Spalding transcends that patriarchal ideology. She successfully negotiates the chauvinistic world of jazz. This paper explores Spalding’s performance through the lens of feminine consciousness as described by Sandra Bartky, and discusses the social construction of a female jazz instrumentalist’s identity based on Judith Butler’s theory of performativity. While this paper classifies a musician as female or male, which implies that they are each a separate and distinct category, it does not discount that each gender may possess qualities of the other. Chapter two discusses elements of Esperanza’s physical appearance which embrace feminine ideals and simultaneously fight against them. She uses make-up to enhance her appearance, she wears clothes that adhere to a double standard, yet she defies the white ideal of femininity with her afro hairstyle and callused hands and blunt nails. Spalding is a dedicated professional. Her appearance is important to her livelihood. Feeling good about oneself instills self-confidence to engage with the audience. The patriarchal point of view is so ingrained in a woman’s subconscious, reinforced in the media and in marketing that women often dress with the visualization of the gaze of the ‘Other,’ which reinforces gendered significations. Signifiers of femininity are not only characterized by physical attributes, but also by elements of sound, body movements, occupied space, and appurtenant objects that historically represent a masculine or feminine frame of reference. Chapter Three discusses how Esperanza Spalding’s music tends to resist society’s views of gender roles. Jazz musicians, in particular, construct a distinctive role or persona based on the conventions of the genre, the marketing strategies of the music industry, and the individual talents of the artist. [rock star and jazz]. Spalding, as band leader, occupies center stage. Standing center stage in the spotlight leading the band on an upright bass is a seemingly aggressive, masculine position. Spalding challenges gender appropriate norms and expectations and embodies a strong, confident band leader, yet not with the negative effects of the Double Bind. Two aspects of the jazz musician is their stance and their ability to improvise. Spalding’s stance communicates to the audience her competence and leadership ability without sexual innuendo. Her improvisational style communicates her musical talents. It is traditionally viewed as a masculine skill and a competitive exercise but Spalding’s display is not aggressive and competitive. She uses her creative musical talent to carry on a musical conversation. Improvisation is creation of music in the moment. Spalding exhibits courage and a willingness to take a risk which are perceived historically as masculine traits. Spalding provides an individualized path to femininity. Women tend not to pursue paths that are not already fully occupied by women. Spalding is doing some remarkable things in terms of a woman in a male-dominated field. Spalding challenges socially constructed gender roles and serves as a role model for future generations.

La investigación presenta los cambios demográficos y epidemiológicos en la provincia de Tarragona durante el siglo XX y hasta 2010. Una tendencia descendente donde las enfermedades infecciosas de los niños abundosas a principios de siglo XX son sustituidos por enfermedades circulatorias, cáncer y respiratorias en edades adultas hacia 1950 y a finales de siglo XX la mortalidad se centra en edades ancianas, especialmente en mujeres, y donde aparecen unas puntas de muerte por enfermedades infecciosas y por causas externas, sobre todo en hombres jóvenes-adultos. A finales del siglo XX y primeros del siglo XXI son las mujeres las que rompen los patrones epidemiológicos. En estos años la mortalidad de la mujer viene acompañada por enfermedades del sistema nervioso y trastornos mentales.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62).

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62).