published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Dvaras – tai žemės naudojimo ir jos valdymo forma, tai žemėvaldos ir žemėnaudos sistemų elementas – savininko valdomas žemės plotas, sudarantis ūkininkavimo vienetą žemės ūkyje ir iš dalies pramonėje; tai privatinėje nuosavybėje esanti pakankamai didelė žemės teritorija su visais joje esančiais objektais, skirta žemės ūkio produkcijai gaminti bei kitoms funkcijoms atlikti. Kaimo kraštovaizdžio istorinėje raidoje dvarų žemėvaldos kito neatsiejamai nuo žemės santykių pertvarkymo būdo. Patys stabiliausi krašovaizdžio elementai yra dvarų sodybos su statiniais ir parkais. Todėl šiandien dvarai visuomenėje daugiausia yra žinomi kaip dvarų sodybos – kultūros paveldo objektai. Atliekant tyrimus buvo nustatyta buvusių dvarų sodybų žemės naudmenų sudėtis, dabartinių dvarų pastatų, žemės nuosavybės formos bei atkreiptas dėmesys į aplink juos plytinčių parkų būklę. Ištirtos šešių dvarų sodybos, esančios Kauno apskrityje. Tyrimai atlikti 2007-2008 metais. / An estate – comprises the houses and outbuildings and supporting farmland and woods that surround the gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house or mansion. It is an “estate” because the profits from its produce and rents are sufficient to support the household in the house at its center. Countrys landscape in history development of eastate management concurent change out off land management. One of best stability of landscape elements is estates with buildings and parks. So for today estates in society well know like a cultural values objekts. 1992-1993 years began privatizations of reality in Lithuania. Government take once of decision for estate management: was made no privatizations estates list. In this time in Lithuania is about 600 estates and just 200 is privatization. The point of this work – collect and analysis historical evidence, to traverse extant Kauno area estates of managements and all over facilities. I analyze Raudondvario, Babtyno, Linkuvos, Aukštosios Fredos, Sirutiškių and Lančiūnavos estates land use and management. In analysis was establish ex-estates land are of economic sigificane, present estates, lands ownership and direct attention to parklands condition. Research was made in 2007-2008 years.

Few studies relating to the nobility of medieval Scotland have been carried out. Those which have mostly fall into two categories: studies of individual nobles and single noble families, or studies of noble institutions, generally over a long time-scale. With the exception of parts of the work of Professors Ritchie and Barrow on the twelth century, there are no general surveys of the Scottish nobility during a short period. This thesis is an attempt to provide such a survey. It gives an account of the top layer of Scottish noble society in the early Stewart period, that is between 1371 and 1424. A broad view of the nobility, noble estates, and noble institutions has been taken, which is intended to be complementary to other studies of more restricted subjects. The topics dicussed in the thesis have been largely determined by the nature of the sources. The material available for the study of the Scottish nobility in this period consists almost entirely of charters, especially those issued by the crown. Hardly any documents of a more ephemeral nature have survived. In particular (with two slight exceptions) there are none of the account rolls and similar estate records which historians of the English medieval nobility have used to such effect. Because of this, the thesis has a strong topographical and institutional bias. It is possible to say what lands the nobility held and how they held them, but not to describe in any great detail what they did with them, how they were run, or what they were worth.

This dissertation consists of five papers with different objectives. The overall objective is to improve knowledge of effective policies regarding socially deprived large housing estates. All studies deal with the real estate context from a housing company decision-making perspective. The first two papers focus on organisational issues and the following three papers deal with economic issues related to the development of a specific housing area. The research is based on case studies which involve specific methodologies such as interviews, direct observation and collecting data from company accounts. The main message of this thesis is that landlord policies and resources spent on operation and maintenance contribute to local area development. It is also underlined that there is a need for a paradigm shift in Swedish housing, since the regulatory framework appeared to be inadequate. The experience from this study shows that many problems can be solved within the existing laws and through efficient customised property management, but landlords need more effective incentives to improve their policies further. The first two papers address issues about how to organise local management resources in large housing estates. Three different functions were identified: customer service, (e.g. fault-reporting); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day management and control over indoor and outdoor areas). The models where more decisions are decentralised lead to better information about the local conditions, make it easier to coordinate work in an area, create more motivation for the staff and make it easier to involve the tenants. This was particularly valuable for socially deprived estates, but the decentralised model raised some moral hazard problems, e.g. the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and consistent housing policy in the company. The third paper deals with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in housing management. Different types of costs are identified and related to the estates’ social condition. The results indicate that a CSR-based management policy leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operation and maintenance costs which improved the company’s profitability, especially if the higher standard of maintenance, made higher rents possible. The study also identified three other benefits of CSR; improved tenant relationship, goodwill and business opportunities and the study is a first step towards a better understanding of the economic consequences of CSR in a real estate-context. The fourth paper analyses the return of the Swedish slumlords, with a focus on a specific area in Malmö. The tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighbouring areas because of a combination of three factors; rents were paid by different forms of welfare payment, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no questions” asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owners found this slum strategy as profitable either because they hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to or because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. The study concludes that both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.The fifth paper is an economic evaluation of renovation in socially deprived housing estates. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to use a clear and active housing management strategy, especially if the rent levels are affected by the standard of management by the landlord. The results also show that the landlord’s policy had positive social effects, both in the form of tenant welfare and in the form of lower costs for Police and the Fire department. The study also indicates that it can be difficult to justify large scale investment purely from a business perspective. / QC 20111122

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1933. / Vita. Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. [391]-400.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).

Thèse (M.E.S.R.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1980. / "Thèse présentée en vue de l'obtention de la maîtrise en étude des sociétés régionales" CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1933. / Vita. Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. [391]-400.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / "An individual workshop report." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72).