A real property law inglesa é um tema pouco estudado na tradição jurídica de base romanística, e menos ainda no Brasil. Mesmo a literatura comparatística tem minimizado, ou mesmo omitido, o estudo abrangente das fontes inglesas ao analisar o tema, resultando na ausência de trabalhos escritos desde uma perspectiva do direito privado continental que analisem com maior profundidade os principais elementos formativos dos direitos reais sobre bens imóveis de matriz inglesa. As referências e alusões ao sistema do common law, contudo, são hoje cada vez mais freqüentes nos ordenamentos de matriz civilística, principalmente em razão da maior interação entre ordenamentos pertencentes a sistemas jurídicos de tradição histórica diversa. Portanto, para estabelecer diálogos relevantes, deve-se dedicar atenção especial aos principais elementos de formação do sistema de direito inglês, de modo a desvendar sua particular estrutura e terminologia. O primeiro passo para estabelecer esse diálogo é conhecer os elementos que deram origem ao sistema do common law. Dado o forte vínculo do direito inglês com a sua história, torna-se necessário o estudo da real property law por meio de uma análise das suas fontes históricas que revele tanto a estrutura conceitual quanto o sentido das expressões e dos institutos mais típicos do sistema do common law. É esse estudo que pretendemos realizar neste trabalho, mediante a análise da formação histórica das tenures, dos estates, da equity e dos trusts. Uma pesquisa baseada nas fontes relativas à formação da real property law traz a vantagem adicional de fornecer uma visão ampla acerca da natureza e o funcionamento do sistema do common law como um todo, na medida em que o desenvolvimento primário do direito inglês esteve associado à estrutura dos direitos reais sobre bens imóveis na Inglaterra. Desse contexto derivam, em larga medida, as particularidades e as características que tornam o sistema do common law, em muitos aspectos, diverso dos sistemas jurídicos de tradição romanística. A busca por uma aproximação entre os sistemas pertencentes a essas duas tradições jurídicas exige uma compreensão dos elementos que deram origem à diversidade entre elas. Nossa proposta é, justamente, identificar esses elementos e torná-los compreensíveis desde uma perspectiva civilística, por meio de uma análise das fontes inglesas mais relevantes para o tema. / English real property law is not a subject very often studied in the legal tradition based on Roman law, and even less so in Brazil. Even comparative writers have tended to minimize, if not altogether omit, a comprehensive study of the English sources when discussing the subject, resulting in a lack of literature, written from the perspective of continental private law, that analyses in greater depth the main formative elements of the law of real property based on the English legal model. The references and allusions to the common law legal system, however, have become increasingly more frequent in civil law contexts, largely due to the greater degree of interaction between legal systems belonging to different historical traditions. Thus, in order to establish meaningful dialogues, special attention must be given to the main factors that shaped the English legal system, thereby unveiling its specific structure and terminology. The firs step towards establishing such a dialogue is to understand the elements that gave birth to the common law legal system. Given the strong connection English law has with its history, it is necessary to study the real property law through an analysis of its historical sources, which will reveal the conceptual structure and the meaning of the most typical expressions and institutions of the English legal system. That is the task undertaken herein, to be accomplished through the study of the historical inception of the doctrine of tenures, the doctrine of estates, equity and trusts. A study based on the sources regarding the formation of the real property law brings the additional advantage of providing a broad outlook on the nature and operation of the English legal system as a whole, as the primary development of English law was associated to the structure of rights over land in England. That context is the cause, to a large extent, of the peculiarities and characteristics that make the English legal system, in many ways, different from legal systems based on Roman law. The pursuit for a closer interaction between the legal systems that belong to those two legal traditions requires an understanding of the elements that determined their differences. The object of this research is to identify those elements and make them comprehensible from a civilian perspective, by means of an analysis of the most relevant English sources on the subject.

A presente dissertação objetiva desenvolver uma análise crítica acerca das possibilidades e limites das ações e programas para a reabilitação dos grandes conjuntos habitacionais, especificamente aqueles da COHAB-SP. Para tanto se procedeu ao exame da evolução do ideário urbanístico e arquitetônico relacionado ao atendimento das demandas por moradia da classe trabalhadora, dos primórdios da Revolução Industrial até o esforço de reconstrução europeu do segundo pós-guerra, com a produção massiva sob a forma conjunto habitacional. A sobreposição de problemas físicos e sociais nesses espaços levou à implementação, a partir da década de 1970, de programas voltados à sua reabilitação; essas propostas são aqui examinadas e avaliadas de acordo com seus objetivos e resultados alcançados, dentro de seus contextos urbanos e socioeconômicos específicos. Procedeu-se ao exame das ações do Estado brasileiro no campo da habitação popular ao longo do século XX, culminando com a instituição do SFH/BNH, período em que são produzidos os maiores e mais precários conjuntos habitacionais no Brasil. Procurou-se avaliar de que forma a atuação estatal sob a forma da produção dos grandes conjuntos pela COHAB-SP condicionou vastos contingentes populacionais a um cotidiano de segregação e exclusão, reforçando padrões já presentes na estruturação do espaço metropolitano de São Paulo. Identificadas as características da produção dos grandes conjuntos da COHAB-SP passou-se à análise e avaliação do Programa Viver Melhor, instituído pela Companhia em 2001 especificamente com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações residentes em seus conjuntos; procurou-se identificar as possibilidades e limites na transformação das condições urbanísticas e sociais nesses espaços a partir dessas políticas públicas específicas. / This dissertation aims at developing a critical analysis of the possibilities and limits of actions and programs for the rehabilitation of large public housing estates, specifically those produced by COHAB-SP. Therefore, an examination of the development of the urban and architectural ideas related to the meeting of the demands for housing to the working class was carried out, from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the effort to rebuild Europe after the Second World War, with a massive production under the housing estate form. The overlapping of physical and social problems in these areas led to the implementation, from the 1970s, of programs aimed at their rehabilitation; these proposals are examined and evaluated here according to their goals and achievements within their specific urban and socioeconomic contexts. The actions of the Brazilian State in the social housing area during the twentieth century were examined until the establishment of the SFH / BNH, when the biggest and most precarious public housing estates were produced in Brazil. This research sought to evaluate how the state action for the production of large housing estates of COHAB-SP conditioned large groups of population to a routine of segregation and exclusion, reinforcing patterns already present on the structuring of São Paulos metropolitan space. After identifying the characteristics of the production of the large public housing estates of COHAB-SP there was the analysis and evaluation of the Programa Viver Melhor, established by the Housing Company in 2001 specifically to improve the life quality of the residents in their sites; the research sought to identify the possibilities and limits to the transformation of the urban and social conditions in these areas from these specific public policies.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to show influence of the new Consumer Credit Law on mortgages in Czech Republic and its effect on real data. The thesis is dealing with issues of mortgages, shows types of mortgages and the possibility of repaid. Description of making deal between bank and client is written in next part of thesis. There are shown parameters like LTV, loan interest rate and RPSN as well as possibilities of insurance of client and secure of mortgage. Practical part of thesis shows difference between new and old Consumer Credit Law on real data, and shows effect on interest rate and number of contracts after effectiveness of the new law. There is written influence of new law on prices of resident estates. Last part of the thesis describes offers of mortgages of selected banks on Czech market.

Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The interwar Czechoslovak agrarian reform was put in motion to improve national agriculture production by way of the redistribution of the estates. The second goal was to eliminate the unwanted influence of the foreign (German and Hungarian) landlords. This huge project was held from 1919 untill it was officialy ended in 1935, but the idea of the land reform was significant in Czechoslovakia for a much longer period (mostly after World War II. and during the restitution processes). The interwar landreform changed more than 29% of Czechoslovakia (more than 4 million hectares were confiscated). Approximately one half of this amount was assigned to the alienees, the second half remained in the hands of the former owners. Both of the main goals were accomplished by this huge transfer of property. The smallest homesteads were extended using the land from the largest estates and became more effective. The properties of the landlords were decreased in size by one half and their influence on the national economy was reduced. Despite some imperfections in the reform laws and how they were carried out, the main targets were accomplished and I assume this project was successful. Better outcomes could be reached only with different conditions, like a longer period of time. In a comparison of other similar reforms, the Czechoslovak land reform was the third largest (after Russian and Romanian).

This dissertation deals with the real estate business from the point of view of accountancy, tax and financing. The topic is elaborated in accordance with the current Czech legislation. This thesis addresses several issues inthe real estate business - from acquisition, through regular operation to its discarding. The dissertation also puts emphasis on the decision-making process when it comes to investing into real estate and the possibilities of its financing. Theoretical findings are applied in the practical part of this work with the utilization of own experience in a specific company.

This thesis deals with the valuation of real estates in two countries. The problem is solved in terms of Czech and Slovak Republic. All methods are explained in detail and then compared. The thesis also includes a practical example of the valuation of the house in terms of both countries. The conclusion set out the most important differences.

A presente dissertação objetiva desenvolver uma análise crítica acerca das possibilidades e limites das ações e programas para a reabilitação dos grandes conjuntos habitacionais, especificamente aqueles da COHAB-SP. Para tanto se procedeu ao exame da evolução do ideário urbanístico e arquitetônico relacionado ao atendimento das demandas por moradia da classe trabalhadora, dos primórdios da Revolução Industrial até o esforço de reconstrução europeu do segundo pós-guerra, com a produção massiva sob a forma conjunto habitacional. A sobreposição de problemas físicos e sociais nesses espaços levou à implementação, a partir da década de 1970, de programas voltados à sua reabilitação; essas propostas são aqui examinadas e avaliadas de acordo com seus objetivos e resultados alcançados, dentro de seus contextos urbanos e socioeconômicos específicos. Procedeu-se ao exame das ações do Estado brasileiro no campo da habitação popular ao longo do século XX, culminando com a instituição do SFH/BNH, período em que são produzidos os maiores e mais precários conjuntos habitacionais no Brasil. Procurou-se avaliar de que forma a atuação estatal sob a forma da produção dos grandes conjuntos pela COHAB-SP condicionou vastos contingentes populacionais a um cotidiano de segregação e exclusão, reforçando padrões já presentes na estruturação do espaço metropolitano de São Paulo. Identificadas as características da produção dos grandes conjuntos da COHAB-SP passou-se à análise e avaliação do Programa Viver Melhor, instituído pela Companhia em 2001 especificamente com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações residentes em seus conjuntos; procurou-se identificar as possibilidades e limites na transformação das condições urbanísticas e sociais nesses espaços a partir dessas políticas públicas específicas. / This dissertation aims at developing a critical analysis of the possibilities and limits of actions and programs for the rehabilitation of large public housing estates, specifically those produced by COHAB-SP. Therefore, an examination of the development of the urban and architectural ideas related to the meeting of the demands for housing to the working class was carried out, from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the effort to rebuild Europe after the Second World War, with a massive production under the housing estate form. The overlapping of physical and social problems in these areas led to the implementation, from the 1970s, of programs aimed at their rehabilitation; these proposals are examined and evaluated here according to their goals and achievements within their specific urban and socioeconomic contexts. The actions of the Brazilian State in the social housing area during the twentieth century were examined until the establishment of the SFH / BNH, when the biggest and most precarious public housing estates were produced in Brazil. This research sought to evaluate how the state action for the production of large housing estates of COHAB-SP conditioned large groups of population to a routine of segregation and exclusion, reinforcing patterns already present on the structuring of São Paulos metropolitan space. After identifying the characteristics of the production of the large public housing estates of COHAB-SP there was the analysis and evaluation of the Programa Viver Melhor, established by the Housing Company in 2001 specifically to improve the life quality of the residents in their sites; the research sought to identify the possibilities and limits to the transformation of the urban and social conditions in these areas from these specific public policies.

The goal of the thesis is to assess the impact of chosen social and environmental factors on the real estate prices in the Mladá Boleslav district. The aim is to assess data that can influence the offer and demand on the real estates market. Especially it’s focused on data about purchasing power of the habitants, jobs market and unemployment, environment, the size of the place. Those data are interpreted from the following type of real estates – residential houses, flats 1+1 – 3+1 from real estates servers’ database. The construction of new residential houses and flats and the development of the district are also shortly mentioned.

Denna kandidatuppsats behandlar miljöcertifieringssystemet BREEAM med fokus på processen och systemets effekter. I studien har pågående BREEAM-projekt i Sverige studerats för att undersöka vad som görs specifikt vid en BREEAM-certifiering, vad det kostar samt vilka nyttor en BREEAM-certifiering genererar. Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande del av miljöpåverkan i Sverige idag och förhoppningen är att miljöcertifieringar av byggnader kan minska miljöbelastningen. Studien visar på att det finns en växande efterfrågan på miljöcertifierade kontor och lokaler från hyresgästen trots att innebörden än är något oklar. BREEAM är relativt nytt på svenska marknaden och behöver fortsätta att utvecklas och anpassas. Ett svenskt företag, med en redan god intern byggstandard, behöver dock inte göra några större åtaganden för att nå ett bra betyg i BREEAM. En BREEAM-certifiering intygar att en byggnad håller en bra nivå miljömässigt, visar att företaget är på väg åt rätt håll och hjälper till att strukturera upp miljöarbetet under ett byggprojekt. Miljöpåverkan i sig minskar egentligen inte tack vare en BREEAM-certifiering utan effekterna antas vara mer affärsmässiga. En internationell jämförbar certifiering kan även vara avgörande vid fastighetstransaktioner. / This bachelor thesis examines the green building rating system BREEAM with a focus of the process and the systems effects. In the study ongoing BREEAM-projects in Sweden have been studied to examine what specifically is made because of the BREEAM-certification, the cost of it and also what benefits comes with a BREEAM-certification. The Building and Real Estate sector are responsible for a major part of the environmental impact in Sweden and hopefully the environmental certifications will reduce the environmental impact. The study shows that there is a growing demand for certified offices and premises from the tenants, although the implications are still being somewhat confusing. BREEAM is still relatively new on the Swedish market and the development and adaptability has to continue. A Swedish company, with an already good internal building standard, doesn’t need to do big commitments to reach a good rating in BREEAM. A BREEAM-certificate confirms that a building keeps a good level in environmental awareness, that the company is going in the right direction and also it helps the building project to structure the environmental work. The environmental impact it selves doesn’t really reduce thanks to a BREEAM-certification but the effects are more business oriented. An international comparable certification can be crucial in a real estate transaction.