Based on fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in población ‘La Victoria’, a working-class neighbourhood in the city of Santiago, this research describes the everyday lives of its inhabitants (pobladores) in the context of contemporary neoliberal Chile. Although the pobladores’ movement had animated Chilean politics since the 1950s, also becoming the main actor in the struggle against the dictatorship, after the return to democracy in 1990 pobladores disappeared from the political arena. Most researchers have proposed that the political absence of pobladores must be understood as an effect of neoliberal modernization – a set of policies implemented during dictatorship and maintained by successive democratic governments after 1990. Their main argument is that a major cultural transformation in Chile has degraded social ties producing a consumeristic, individualistic and depoliticized society. Instead, I propose that pobladores from La Victoria have, despite the transformations, preserved a form of conviviality based on strong affective bonds with kin, friends and neighbours – alongside equally sentimental separations and divisions from others. I argue that, due to their pervasiveness and importance in pobladores’ lives, social relationships are the main agents in the articulation of pobladores’ ethical frameworks guiding their decisions and actions in life. Pobladores’ affective social relationships have allowed them not only to mitigate the side effects of the current neoliberal model, but also to accept, adapt and contest specific aspects of it. In this sense, life in the población has a heterogeneous grammar, a way in which social relations are articulated and disarticulated, activated and de-activated, connecting personal lives to collective processes. This grammar of strong affective ties, terrible betrayals and deep but changing separations and divisions is what I call the ‘politics of the everyday life’. This politics of everyday life lies behind apparently very different historical processes, such as the pobladores’ struggle against dictatorship in the 1980s and their post-1990 absence from the political arena. I contend that what characterizes the current context is not a lack of politics or a ‘depoliticization’ but a particular way in which certain pobladores, known as ‘políticos’ – those interested in collective action in order to produce change in the world – are articulated with or disarticulated from other pobladores in the politics of everyday life in the población.

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The purpose of this autoethnographic narrative inquiry was for the researcher to describe and explain how he discovered, constructed, and refined his sense of moral purpose as a principal during his seven-year tenure at Orange Pines Middle School. He inductively analyzed and reflected primarily on self-authored texts tied to critical professional ethical dilemmas so as to discover emergent themes, patterns, insights, and epiphanies in the development of his persona as a morally directed school leader. He then analyzed and reflected on how he applied those defined values in interactions with groups of teachers to design and implement elements of school reform. He re-created these critical events through descriptive vignettes in which he captured personal and social implications of the experiences using Clandinin and Connelly's model of three-dimensional narrative space. In this study the researcher probed especially problematic ethical dilemmas he experienced while working as principal. He viewed the events through the multidimensional ethical frameworks of care, critique and justice of Starratt; the ethic of community described by Furman; and the ethic of the profession, posited by Shapiro and Stefkovich. Included is a discussion of moral purpose by Fullan and Sergiovanni, ethics by Begley, Senge, and others, leadership theories, and perspectives regarding interpersonal conflicts between principals and their staff. The researcher found the ethics of care, justice, critique, community, and the profession provided a useful framework for his professional reflections. He was able to describe and capture the tensions within the dilemmas through the specific language utilized by Starratt, Furman, and Shapiro and Stefkovich to analyze and understand the issues packed within each dilemma. Through the application of these frameworks he determined that his moral purpose has been to approach the position of school leadership with a combination of compassion and justice, in order to establish a collaborative and synergistic school community that works for the greater good of students. The study calls for more autoethnographic research into the dilemmas administrators teachers face in their daily practice, arguing that the best way to improve public education in this era of intense scrutiny and accountability is through the qualitative analysis of individual cases. The author places his particular constructivist approach to autoethnographic narrative inquiry within the broader philosophical background of qualitative research. This study contributes to the literature by showing focused insights into how representative ethical conflicts and dilemmas school leaders face during their daily practice can shape and guide their moral pursuit of effective school reform. It also shows ways that theoretical knowledge can inform professional practice.

Dark Pattern Design är ett paraplybegrepp för design vars syfte är att förvirra, vilseleda eller utnyttja användaren. Detta görs genom att man konstruerar gränssnittet på ett sådant sätt att det döljer, försvårar eller omöjliggör en viss handling för användaren – dessa sätt att designa ett gränssnitt på går att identifiera genom olika mönster. Brignull (2010) och Gray m.fl. (2018) har gjort skapat olika kategorier och definitioner för dessa mönster, men det existerar även andra standarder upprättade av andra forskare och branschexperter. Näthandeln är ett av de vanligaste ställena där man kan hitta mörka mönster, och då Dark Pattern Design kan skapa stora konsekvenser för användaren följs ämnet av en debatt kring etik. Det existerar ett flertal etiska ramverk och hederskodexar ämnade för att hjälpa designers skapa mer etiskt korrekta artefakter som bland annat hederskodexen etablerad av ACM (2018), Berdichevsky och Neuenschwanders (1999) ramverk kring övertygande teknik, med flera. En intervjustudie genomfördes för att undersöka hur UX-designers uppfattade Dark Pattern Design inom näthandeln, vilken roll etiska ramverk hade vid utformningen av artefakter ämnade för näthandel, samt om det existerade ett behov av att etablera en så kallad branschstandard där man särskiljer på vilka mönster som är acceptabla att använda eller inte. Resultatet från intervjustudien visar att UX-designers känner till fenomenet Dark Pattern Design och kan exemplifiera mönster som man vanligtvis stöter på inom näthandeln. Etiska ramverk har ingen större roll vid utformningen av artefakter ämnade för näthandel, men andra ramverk som GDPR och WCAG spelar större roll. Resultatet visar att det inte existerar något behov av att etablera en branschstandard, men respondenterna är öppna för idéen. / Dark Pattern Design is an umbrella term for design whose purpose is to confuse, mislead, or exploit the user. This is done by designing the interface in such a way that it hides, complicates, or makes a certain action inaccessible to the user – these ways of designing an interface can be identified by different patterns. Brignull (2010) and Gray et al. (2018) have created different categories and definitions for these patterns, but there are also other standards established by other scientists and industry experts. E-commerce is one of the most common places where you can find dark patterns, and since Dark Pattern Design can create major consequences for the user, the topic is followed by a debate about ethics. There are several ethical frameworks and codes of honor intended to help designers create more ethically correct artifacts, ACM’s (2018) Code of Ethics, and Berdichevsky and Neuenschwanders (1999) framework regarding persuasive technology are two examples of such. An interview study was conducted to investigate how UX designers perceived Dark Pattern Design in e-commerce, what role ethical frameworks played in the design process for artifacts intended for e-commerce, and whether there was a need to establish an industry standard where one distinguishes which patterns that are acceptable to use or not. The results from the interview study show that UX designers are familiar with the phenomenon of Dark Pattern Design and can exemplify patterns that are usually encountered in e-commerce. Ethical frameworks do not play a major role in the design process of artifacts intended for e-commerce, but other frameworks such as GDPR and WCAG play a greater role. The results show that there is not a need to establish an industry standard, but the respondents are open to the idea.

No description available.