No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The paper uncovers the challenges of legalizing abortion within the European Union (EU). Abortion is a highly debated topic. However, many scholars believe it to be a human right. Yet, certain EU member states still have highly restrictive abortion legislations, which creates inequalities based on gender, class and mobility. Contradicting EU norms and values. Furthermore, persons able to birth lose their right to dignity and bodily autonomy. Thus, it is a topic of great importance. In order to get deep insight into this topic the research aims to answers the question: What factors limit the mandating of abortion rights at the EU level? The paper, therefore, makes use of qualitative research by doing a case study. The cases being Poland, Malta and the EU. To answer the research question a textual analysis of documents, such as newspaper articles, journals and reports, is conducted. This is done by investigating the texts by looking for themes, such as religious, social or political factors. Firstly, Poland is examined, followed by Malta. Afterwards, the two cases are briefly compared, in an effort to show that there are common factors influencing the restriction of abortion. Lastly, the factors present in the European Union are investigated.  It is found that in Poland religious and political factors are the main issue in the legalization. The Catholic Church plays an immense role in the abortion ban. Since it is closely connected to the national identity and has a great influence on politics. Furthermore, it is uncovered that the government, especially the Law and Justice party, is a powerful defender of the current restrictive abortion legislation. Within Malta challenges include religious, political, historical and social factors. Such as deep rooted Catholic values, the governments and the populations support for the abortion ban. Both countries share the factor of extreme opposition towards the liberalisation of abortion by the Church and the government. In the European Union many of the factors are of political nature, such as abortion rights not being part of EU legislation. Other reasons that are found include increasing anti-gender discourse and movements, the ignorance of the topic, and abortion rights not being protected as a human rights.  The dissertation concludes by summarizing the findings and explaining that there are a multitude of issues, which are heavily interconnected. It is also explained, that the research shows how difficult it is to legalize abortion in the European Union. Yet, it is important to discuss and address. Additionally, further research is suggested.

No description available.

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’expliquer les conséquences du Brexit sur le mouvement indépendantiste écossais. Plus précisément, ce mémoire tente de comprendre de quelle façon le Brexit a-t-il influencé la stratégie du SNP quant à l’atteinte de l’indépendance de l’Écosse. Utilisant la théorie de Hirschman sur la défection, la prise de parole et la loyauté, une analyse de corpus formé de discours et d’articles produits par les premiers ministres écossais est faite afin d’en faire ressortir les tendances importantes. Par cette analyse, l’objectif est de vérifier s’il existe un glissement de la prise de parole à la défection dans les arguments mis de l’avant par les dirigeants du gouvernement écossais. Conjointement à cette analyse est menée une analyse statistique afin de déterminer si les changements dans les arguments des chefs du SNP correspondent à des changements dans le soutien populaire au projet indépendantiste. Cette recherche conclut que les arguments mis de l’avant par les chefs du SNP concernant l’indépendance de l’Écosse ne démontrent pas un glissement de la prise de parole à la défection. De plus, il n’est pas possible de faire ressortir un lien clair entre l’opinion publique et les discours des dirigeants politiques puisqu’il n’existe pas de corrélation définitive entre l’augmentation (ou diminution) du soutien populaire et l’augmentation d’un certain argument dans les discours des dirigeants politiques. / This research aims to explain the consequences of Brexit on the Scottish independence movement. Specifically, this paper seeks to understand how Brexit has influenced the SNP's strategy in achieving Scottish independence. Using Hirschman's theory of exit, voice, and loyalty, a corpus analysis of speeches and articles produced by Scottish First Ministers is conducted to identify important trends. Through this analysis, the objective is to verify if there is a shift from voice to exit in the arguments put forward by the leaders of the Scottish government. In conjunction with this analysis, a statistical analysis is conducted to determine if changes in the SNP leaders' arguments correspond to changes in popular support for the independence project. This research concludes that the arguments put forward by SNP leaders regarding Scottish independence do not demonstrate a shift from voice to exit. Furthermore, it is not possible to establish a clear link between public opinion and the speeches of political leaders, as there is no definitive correlation between an increase (or decrease) in popular support and the increase of a certain argument in the speeches of political leaders.

No description available.

No description available.