Thesis (Ph. D.)--California Coast University, 1987. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-65).

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-87). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fachbereich Philologisch-Historische Wissenschaften--Göttingen--Georg-August-Universität, 1989.

Resumo: As discussões acerca do desencarceramento são permeadas pelo fracasso da instituição penal em possibilitar a ressocialização de seus internos. Partindo de conceitos como instituição total e sociedade dos cativos, a maior parte dos estudos professa a potencialidade da prisão em perpetuar as identidades criminosas em seus abrigados. Porém ao atentar para as realidades concretas dos indivíduos que passaram pela tutela prisional, vemos que nem todos abarcam o mundo do crime. Muitos, ao saírem da prisão, buscam outras formas de vida que estejam afastadas das atividades criminais. Nossa pesquisa de mestrado teve como objetivo acompanhar durante o processo de desencarceramento a (re)construção de identidades dos agentes que passaram pelo sistema penitenciário. Para isso, se fez necessário investigar a noção que o agente faz de sua experiência carcerária e as implicações desse estigma em sua retomada a sociedade mais ampla. Buscamos apresentar as trajetórias dos atores sociais que passaram pelo encarceramento como uma forma de compreender como os agentes sociais transformar seus destinos, sofrendo as ações das estruturas sociais e modificando as mesmas estruturas com suas ações. Ao remontar as estratégias usadas pelos atores sociais para se afastar de um papel social que é construído pela prisão, se apresenta a apropriação subjetiva da experiência prisional, que, neste caso, é diversa daquela apresentada oficialmente pela instituição, que será usada discursivamente para justificar suas novas escolhas nas novas dinâmicas sociais vividas pelos agentes. Serão apresentadas trajetórias sociais de pessoas que passaram pelo sistema penitenciário e retomaram suas vidas. Através das dinâmicas e conflitos sentidas subjetiva e objetivamente é que discutiremos noções como identidade, cultura prisional, estigma, biografia e trajetória social.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN FINANZAS / A lo largo de la historia, se han efectuado numerosos estudios en el campo de los dividendos. El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una investigación sobre los retornos anormales de las principales acciones en Latinoamérica en torno a la fecha límite de suscripción para tener derecho a dividendos por parte de los accionistas, y tiene como objetivo determinar su existencia. Además, busca complementar los estudios expuestos por Castillo y Jakob (2006), y Fuenzalida y Nash (2004), esta vez, analizando específicamente los retornos anormales accionarios previos al Ex-Dividend Day, que es el primer día en la que la acción se transa sin tener derecho a los dividendos. La metodología utilizada es la de “Estudio de eventos”, la cual tiene como objetivo comprobar si se ha generado algún tipo de rentabilidad extraordinaria en algún activo financiero. El principal resultado determinó la existencia de retornos anormales promedio acumulados (CAAR) significativos para un mes y dos semanas previas a la fecha límite, inclusive ésta, corroborando lo expuesto por Eades, Hess and Kim en 1984.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7103_1.pdf: 507908 bytes, checksum: 6ef133e23e6f6d90788e592e30e48405 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O presente trabalho visa ao estudo da eficácia diferida nas decisões em controle abstrato de constitucionalidade no direito brasileiro. Para tanto, fez-se necessária a apresentação dos sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade americano e austríaco, bem como a análise da natureza da eficácia e dos efeitos das decisões em ambos os modelos. A partir dessas informações, é avaliado o controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis no Brasil (os seus aspectos, a natureza, os efeitos e a eficácia das decisões proferidas). Por fim, avalia-se a legitimidade social e jurídica do novo instituto implantado no Brasil

Alentours de l'ancienne fonderie de Pb Metaleurop Nord, Miscanthus x giganteus a accumule peu de Pb et Cd dans ses organes aériens. Les expériences ont été menées pour évaluer la capacité de la plante à améliorer la fonctionnalité des sols contaminés, étudier les impacts à long terme des débris de feuilles massives sur le système sol-plante et déterminer les impacts des contaminants sur la santé de la plante en première et deuxième années de culture. Cinq sols été échantillonnés à différentes distances de la fonderie. Le plus loin est situé à 75 km. Trois cultivars été utilisés. Les résultats ont confirmé la tolérance des plantes aux métaux, et montré des effets positifs de la culture sur les activités biologiques du sol. Une tendance favorable été notée pour la teneur en carbone organique et la capacité d'échange de cations. L'incorporation de débris a conduit une évolution favorable de certains paramètres physicochimiques et biologiques. Sur une période de trois à six mois après l'addition, aucun effet n'a été observé sur l'extrabilité, la phytodisponiblité de Cd et Pb et la santé d'une culture modèle (raygrass). En outre, les résultats des biomarqueurs du stress de la première récolte démontré l'existence d'un stress oxydatif aux miscanthus cultivés sur le sol avec plus de 500 mg Pb kg-1. À la fin de la deuxième année, le stress oxydatif était plus présent et apparaissait sur les plantes dans le sol avec plus de 200 mg Pb kg-1. Cela s'explique par les contraintes des conditions expérimentales (la culture dans les conteneurs souligner les interactions entre les métaux et le système racinaire). Enfin, aucune différence n'a été observée entre les cultivars étudiés. / In the vicinity of the former lead smelter Metaleurop Nord, Miscanthus x giganteus been shown to accumulate little lead and cadmium in its aerial organs. Pot experiments were led to assess the plant ability to ameliorate the functionality of metal contaminated soils, study the long-term impacts of massive leaf debris on the soil-plant system and determine the contaminants impacts on miscanthus health in the first and second cultivation years. Five soils were sampled at different distances from the foundry. The furthest is located 75 km away. Three miscanthus cultivars were used. Results confirmed the plant tolerance to metals. They showed positive effects of culture on the soil biological activities. Favorable trend was noted for organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity. The foliar debris incorporation in soil led to favorable evolution of certain physicochemical and biological parameters. Over a period of three to six months after the debris addition, no effect was observed on the extractability, phytoavailability of Cd and Pb, and health of a model culture, ryegrass. Moreover, the stress biomarkers results obtained during the first harvest demonstrated the existence of oxidative stress in miscanthus grown on soil with more than 500 mg Pb kg-1. At the end of the second year, oxidative stress was markedly more present and appeared on plants obtained on soil with more than 200 mg Pb kg-1. This is explained by constraints resulting from the experimental conditions (cultivation in containers emphasizes the interactions between the metallic elements and the root system). Lastly, no significant difference was observed between the cultivars studied.

Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, and in many cases it has become necessary to conserve species in captivity. Unfortunately, our understanding of the nutritional requirements of amphibians in captivity is currently limited. There have been anecdotal reports that captive bred amphibians have duller skin colouration than wild members of the same species. Many amphibians use carotenoid pigments in skin colouration. Carotenoids are yellow-red pigments synthesised by photosynthetic tissues, however vertebrates cannot synthesise them de novo and rely entirely on dietary sources. Reduced colour in captive bred amphibians could therefore result from limited carotenoid availability in the diet. Limited access to carotenoids could have further negative consequences on health and reproductive success since carotenoids are known to function in the immune, antioxidant and reproductive systems of other vertebrate taxa. The role of carotenoids in amphibian fitness is currently unknown, and the aim of this PhD was to assess the importance of carotenoids to anuran amphibians. Skin colour may be influenced by carotenoid availability, and it was therefore important to establish a suitable method for quantifying skin colour in amphibians. In Chapter 1 I assessed two methods for colour quantification, including digital photography and spectrometry. Neither method was significantly more accurate than the other, however I chose to use photography for my studies for reasons of practicality. In Chapters 2 and 3 I assessed the role of carotenoids in the reproductive systems of wild frogs. I found that carotenoid-based skin colouration was involved in the breeding behaviour of wild Agalychnis moreletii frogs. I found positive assortative mating by colour in that frogs were found mating with individuals with similar carotenoid-based colouration. This assortative mating by colour may be driven by mutual mate choice, or may have evolved to prevent mismatched pairing with a sympatric and phenotypically similar species (A. callidryas). I then analysed the carotenoid composition of eggs produced by wild A. moreletii and Phyllomedusa trinitatis, which are tree frogs with similar reproductive ecology but different egg deposition strategies: Agalychnis moreletii deposits green eggs on the surface of leaves while P. trinitatis wraps pale cream eggs in leaves. The concentration and diversity of carotenoids was significantly higher in A. moreletii than P. trinitatis and potential ecological explanations for this are discussed. In Chapter 4 I investigated carotenoid availability in the diet of captive amphibians by analysing the carotenoid composition of commonly used feeder-invertebrates. I assessed interspecific variation in carotenoid accumulation in three feeder-cricket species (Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllodes sigillatus and Acheta domesticus), which were all fed one of three diets (wheat-bran, fish-food based diet, fresh fruit and vegetables). All three cricket species were a poor source of carotenoids unless they were gut-loaded on a carotenoid-rich diet. Nutrient retention over a two-day period was poor across species. Finally, there were significant interspecific differences in gut-loading capacity, with G. bimaculatus having the greatest capacity. This study shows that carotenoid availability to captive amphibians will be limited unless they are fed specific feeder invertebrate species, recently gut-loaded on carotenoid-rich foods. In Chapters 5, 6 and 7 I assessed the influence of carotenoids on fitness related traits in captive anurans. I firstly assessed colour degradation in captive-reared A. moreletii frogs and looked at whether skin colour could be improved through increased carotenoid availability in the diet. I found that carotenoid-based skin colour degraded quickly in captivity but could be improved through dietary supplementation with carotenoids, however there was a critical period during post-metamorphic growth for deposition of carotenoids in the skin. Next, I investigated the effect of carotenoids on larval growth and development, and post-metamorphic growth, development, skin colour and reproductive success in captive A. callidryas frogs. I found no direct effect of carotenoids during larval stages, however there were carry-over effects on post-metamorphic growth and skin colour. Increased post-metamorphic carotenoid availability positively influenced growth, skin colour and reproductive success. Similarly to A. moreletii, there was a critical period during post-metamorphic growth for deposition of carotenoids in the skin. Finally, I examined the protective potential of carotenoids in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis tadpoles that were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Exposure to UV light significantly reduced tadpole survival and there was no evidence that carotenoids afforded any protection. Nevertheless, in tadpoles that were not exposed to enhanced UV light, carotenoids increased survival. Furthermore, carotenoids had a significantly positive effect on the developmental rate of tadpoles in both UV limited and UV enhanced environments. The studies in this PhD show that carotenoid availability has important consequences on fitness related traits in anuran amphibians, which include effects on growth, skin colour, reproductive success and survival. Carotenoid availability to captive amphibians will, however, be low unless they are provided with feeder invertebrates that have been recently gut-loaded on carotenoid-rich foods. These findings should be considered when recommendations are made on the nutritional requirements of amphibians in captivity as they could significantly improve the fitness of captive-bred individuals, and thus increase the success of ex situ conservation programmes.

M.A. / Four out of every 1000 South Africans are in correctional facilities and adult males make up the majority of the total prison population in South Africa (Department of Correctional Services, 2005). Most prisoners eventually return to society and returning to criminal behaviour can occur very quickly. Ex-offenders face many challenges when reintegrating into society. Yet despite these challenges and the high rates of recidivism, many former offenders have achieved a socially approved adjustment, overcome their problems and become contributing members of society. Unfortunately one seldom hears the stories of those who have successfully reintegrated into society and there seems to be a lack of research in this area. Existing literature is largely focused on external factors which facilitate successful reintegration. However, there is a paucity of research on the psychofortological factors, such as psychological strengths and posttraumatic growth, which may contribute to this process. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify and explore psychofortological factors which may contribute to the successful reintegration of adult male ex-offenders into society. This research was influenced by the paradigm of positive psychology. From this perspective, people should be assessed on both their emotional problems and their strengths. One of the main premises of the strengths perspective is that people are capable of changing (O’Brien, 2001). This change can be facilitated by identifying a person’s strengths and resources, and using one’s strengths may increase success in many areas of life (Compton, 2005). It is important to know what a person has learned from their experiences and what resources they used to overcome challenges (Smith, 2006). This is particularly important in the case of offenders, since these insights may contribute to more successful adaptation. Although there are various ways to transformation and rehabilitation, there may be important similarities in the viewpoints of those who are desisting from crime. Thus there is a need for such research which could ii provide useful information regarding psychofortological factors which may contribute to successful reintegration. A qualitative approach was employed to explore the personal experiences of ex-offenders who have successfully reintegrated into society. The participants consisted of five adult male ex-offenders, who were interviewed according to a semi-structured interview schedule. Content analysis of the interviews was done according to the approach of Miles and Huberman (1994).

The ex-gay movement in the United States has, for the last three decades, argued that there can be "freedom from homosexuality." Available movement narratives shape how individuals struggling with homosexual desires understand their past, present and future. To gain insight into the identity work of people involved in the movement, those who have left and those who exist on the margins, I engaged in collected 31 semi-structured interviews, engaged in participant observation of an ex-gay conference and conducted a narrative analysis of movement narratives. In three journal article style manuscripts, I discuss my findings concerning the narrative identity work of each group.