Orientador: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas / Resumo: Dipteryx alata is considered endemic species of the Brazilian Cerrado. Currently the species needs attention by the increased fragmentation of the occurrence area. It stands out for presenting resistant wood and the high production of fruits. The aim of the study was to estimate genetic parameters from the morphometric fruits, seeds and seedlings, to provide information of genetic variability within and between species provenances for future breeding programs and conservation. The fruits were collected in three natural populations, as Campo Grande - MS, Ituiutaba - MG and Paulo de Faria - SP, in October 2014. The seedlings were prepared in the nursery Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE/UNESP). For morphometric analysis of fruits and seeds were measured (mm) thickness (mm) Length (mm) Mass (g). In the seedlings were evaluated the total height (cm) Stem diameter (mm). We used the design complete block design (RBD) with one plant per plot. There were statistically significant differences among provenances and progenies for the characters of fruits, seeds and seedlings, indicating the presence of genetic variation. The results of the average heritability coefficient of individual variation and accuracy, indicated that for the fruits, seeds and seedlings there is presence of genetic variability. In the analysis of all the seedlings can be seen that there were significant differences in the effect of origin and not significant for the effect of progeny. Results indicate t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-28T17:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luana Silva Borges - 2013.pdf: 1536324 bytes, checksum: 105913bf6578238952077c292b0ff492 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-04T14:10:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luana Silva Borges - 2013.pdf: 1536324 bytes, checksum: 105913bf6578238952077c292b0ff492 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T14:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luana Silva Borges - 2013.pdf: 1536324 bytes, checksum: 105913bf6578238952077c292b0ff492 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The critical fortune of Clarice Lispector treated, in much, female characters who struggle against the anguish and the nullification within wealthy families. Are women who live in bourgeois contexts, facing daily exhaustive dedication to others: canceled amid children, husbands, the society events that pressure them. However, if the studies favored, greatly, the transgressors streams of consciousness of these protagonists, there is a hue less discussed by critics. It regards the female profiles subjectified in contexts economically peripheral. Here, we studied two of these productions, seeking to understand how Lucrécia Neves, in A cidade sitiada, novel, 1949, and Macabéa in A hora da estrela, novel, 1977, are subjectified in these contexts of cancellation and decentering. We note that, in writing about female characters doubly canceled – because women in a patriarchal society, because the poor in a capitalist society – Lispector uses at least one psychological ceaseless flow, the inner monologues, that consecrated her. The author cares, instead, to the externalization of the self, which meddles into space and is absorbed by the objects. Front of women on the fringes, beings pressured by excentricities, because they do not occupy economic or patriarchal centers, the writer chooses not to narrate them in deep self-reflection. Here we see the critical sagacity of Clarice. She outlines her poor heroines, ironically, through their voices that barely exceed the hardness of objects. These voices are coming out failed when trying to transcend reality, are voices that can barely hold an articulated language. However, when entering the bodies of Lucrécia Neves and Macabéa in the body-text, Lispector dismantles, by her irony and sharpened metaphor, the joints of power installed by patriarchy, destabilizing essentialized gender stereotypes. / A fortuna crítica de Clarice Lispector tratou, em muito, de personagens femininas que se debatem ante a angústia e a anulação no seio de famílias abastadas. São mulheres que vivem em contextos burgueses, enfrentando exaustivos cotidianos de dedicação a outrem: anuladas em meio a filhos, a maridos, a eventos da sociedade que as pressionam. Entretanto, se os estudos privilegiaram, sobremaneira, os fluxos de consciência transgressores destas protagonistas, há um matiz menos abordado pela crítica. Ele diz respeito aos perfis femininos subjetivados em contextos economicamente periféricos. Aqui, estudamos duas dessas produções, buscando entender como Lucrécia Neves, em A cidade sitiada, romance de 1949, e Macabéa, em A hora da estrela, novela de 1977, são subjetivadas nesses contextos de anulação e des-centramento. Constatamos que, ao escrever sobre personagens femininas duplamente anuladas – porque mulheres em uma sociedade patriarcal; porque pobres em uma sociedade capitalista –, Lispector utiliza menos um fluir psicológico incessante, os monólogos interiores que tanto a consagraram. A escritora zela, ao contrário, pela exteriorização do eu dessas personagens, que se imiscui completamente ao espaço e é absorvido pelos objetos. Diante de mulheres à margem, seres pressionados devido a suas excentricidades, pois não ocupam os centros econômicos ou patriarcais, a escritora opta por não narrá-las em autorreflexões profundas. Vemos aí a sagacidade crítica de Clarice. Ela contorna suas heroínas pobres, ironicamente, por meio de suas vozes que mal conseguem ultrapassar a dureza dos objetos. São vozes que saem falidas quando tentam transcender a realidade concreta. São vozes que mal conseguem se apoderar de uma linguagem articulada. Todavia, ao inserir os corpos de Lucrécia Neves e de Macabéa no corpo-texto, Lispector desmantela, pela ironia e por sua metáfora afiada, as articulações de poder instaladas pelo patriarcado, desestabilizando os estereótipos essencializados de gênero.

In a world where conflict is common, effective programs for reintegration of the combatants must exist for the post conflict societies. There is also a growing presence not only of gangs, but also of reintegration programs for those that chose to leave said gangs. To find what parts of those processes are alike and what parts are different is the objective of this thesis. For the former combatants, the thesis focuses on those of the former rebel group, meaning the illegally armed group. The reasons for comparing the two processes are that they outwardly look quite similar in the sense that the both deal with reintegration of formerly armed groups. Both groups have also been involved in some sort of violent action, and they are both being reintegrated into a society that they are not actively full members of. The research is carried out through a desk study using the method of a qualitative research through and abductive approach. The theoretical framework that is used is the inclusion-exclusion framework from the security-development nexus. This is also combined with the use of an analytical framework which was created using three different parts of full reintegration, namely social, political and economical reintegration. Through the usage of the case study of El Salvador, the thesis found that there were both similarities and differences between the two types of reintegration, however, the differences far outweighed the similarities. The thesis also found that while the two processes may be alike from an outside perspective, they are dealing with people of quite different needs. However, some potential can be seen for changes in both processes in order to improve their efficiency, though more research is needed.

The topic of these Thesis is the use of the multi-criteria methods at budgeting the expenditure side of the state budget. The first chapter of the thesis describes in detail the ex ante analysis as a support tool for decisions on public expenditure and also the economy, efficiency and effectiveness as the criteria for the ex ante and ex post analysis of the public expenditure of the state budget. Furthermore, I describe here analysis of decision making, specifically the individual elements and the structure of decision-making process.The second chapter focuses on various methods of quantification of the weight of the criteria and the methods of multi-criterial decision. In the third, final chapter, I apply the methods described in second chapter to a specific example.

Submitted final thesis aims to map calculation methods for designation of cost of equity capital. It focuses on forward-looking approaches. Its practical part is dedicated to research of risk premium and implied cost of equity capital at the level of PX-TR index representing the Czech capital market

This study has been based on a qualitative approach where the focus has, primarily, been on increasing the understanding of the phenomenon of recruitment of individuals who are included and registered in criminal records. The purpose of the study was to investigate the opinions and perceptions of individuals with criminal backgrounds among persons working in recruitment. To answer the purpose, three questions were formulated: What perspectives do employers and recruiters have about people with a criminal background? What do they think about hiring people with a criminal background? How can this be linked to the labelling theory and the stigmatization theory? The usage of empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews with recruiters and employers, the data was further complemented by a questionnaire that was also addressed to recruiters and employers. Thematic analysis was then used to analyze the collected data. In the study, the collected empirical data is linked to two different theoretical points of departure: Goffman's stigmatization theory and Becker's labelling theory. The stigmatization theory and the labelling theory are used to identify recruiters' perspectives on people with criminal backgrounds, and to investigate how recruiters approach hiring people who have committed crimes. The stigmatization theory helped to clarify if and how recruiters relate to character stigmatized criminals. The labelling theory was used to understand how recruiters categorizes and uses "stamps" on job seekers based on their criminal acts. The study has shown that there appear to be varying perceptions and prejudices about people with criminal background among recruiters. A vast majority of the respondents had at some point requested an extraction of previous criminal records from their job seekers. The study has also shown that recruiters can be open and positive about hiring people who have committed crimes, at least when it comes to less serious crimes. Whether a recruiter is positive or negative about hiring a person with a criminal background seems often to be dependent on the individual case. If a recruiter chooses to hire a person who has committed a crime, they usually make their decision from the three following factors: the nature of the crime, the severity of the crime and the time of the criminal act. The workplace, type of service and tasks can also be important factors for the recruitment process. / Studien är baserad på ett kvalitativt synsätt där fokus har legat på att utöka förståelsen kring fenomenet rekrytering av personer som finns med i belastningsregistret. Syftet med studien var att undersöka åsikter och uppfattningar om individer med brottslig bakgrund bland personer som arbetar med rekrytering. För att besvara syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar: Hur betraktar rekryterare personer med brottslig bakgrund? Hur ställer man sig till att anställa personer med brottslig bakgrund? Hur kan detta kopplas till stämplingsteorin och teorin om stigmatisering? Som empiri användes data från kvalitativa intervjuer med rekryterare samt data från ett frågeformulär som också riktades till personer som arbetar med att rekrytera personal. Tematisk analys användes för att analysera det insamlade materialet. I studien kopplades empirin till två olika teoretiska utgångspunkter: Goffmans stigmatiseringsteori och Beckers stämplingsteori. Stigmatiseringsteorin och stämplingsteorin användes för att identifiera rekryterares perspektiv på personer med brottslig bakgrund, samt för att undersöka hur rekryterare ställer sig till att anställa personer som begått brott. Stigmatiseringsteorin bidrog till att belysa om och hur rekryterare förhåller sig till karaktärsstigmat brottsling. Stämplingsteorin användes för att förstå hur rekryterare kategoriserar och ”stämplar” arbetssökande personer utifrån deras brottsliga handlingar. Studiens resultat har visat att rekryterares uppfattningar om personer som begått brott kan variera. Majoriteten av respondenterna hade vid något tillfälle begärt ett utdrag ur belastningsregistret på en arbetssökande person. Det har även framkommit att rekryterare ibland kan ha fördomar om personer som begått brott. Vidare har studien visat på att rekryterare kan vara öppna och positiva till att anställa personer som begått brott, åtminstone då det gäller mindre allvarliga brott. Om en rekryterare är positiv eller negativ till att anställa en person med brottslig bakgrund beror ofta på det enskilda fallet. Om en rekryterare väljer att anställa en person som begått brott tar hen vanligtvis hänsyn till följande tre faktorer: brottets karaktär, brottets allvarlighet och tidpunkten för den brottsliga handlingen. Även arbetsplatsen, typ av tjänst och arbetsuppgifter kan vara av betydelse för rekryteringsprocessen.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux processus de production de l’image votive à travers l’étude d’un ensemble de sculptures conservées dans le Sanctuaire de la Madone des Grâces de Curtatone, proche de Mantoue. L’extraordinaire apparat votif que l’on peut y admirer est constitué de cinquante-trois effigies polychromes et polymatheriques, datant pour la plupart du XVIe siècle, représentant le donateur grandeur nature, et pourvues d’accessoires réels (vêtements, cordes, objets dévotionnels…). Ces figures sont disposées dans des niches au sein d’une structure architecturale en bois totalement couverte d’ex-voto anatomiques en cire. Les documents concernant les effigies du sanctuaire de Curtatone sont considérés en rapport à d’autres rares témoignages de cette pratique en Italie. Cette analyse nous permet de réfléchir au rapport qui relie l’objet au donateur, en indiquant qu’il ne s’agit pas précisément de représentations tridimensionnelles de la figure humaine mais d’objets constitués physiquement par le lien votif et qui impliquent des interrogations complexes. Une réflexion de nature anthropologique s’est donc imposée en considérant non seulement le procédé qui préside à leur réalisation mais aussi leur utilisation rendue possible grâce à l’ambiguïté de la représentation et au concept de vraisemblance, qui imprègne la société européenne occidentale qui a élaboré une véritable culture du simulacre. Outre les effigies votives, ce travail prend également en compte les autres éléments qui composent le sanctuaire des Grâces : l’architecture scénographique qui accueille les sculptures, la décoration d’ex-voto en cire qui y sont accrochés, les inscriptions en rimes qui accompagnent les effigies, la fresque florale de la voûte. La portée de ce travail est de démontrer comment ce scénario votif présente une dimension qui dépasse la simple illustration du miracle. Ce dispositif nous oblige à réfléchir sur la dimension plurielle et dynamique propre aux images, qui concerne le rôle de la représentation dans les pratiques dévotionnelles de l’époque moderne (XVe-XVIIe siècles), la capacité que ces sculptures ont de susciter des réactions sur l’observateur et leur fonction à l’intérieur d’un réseau complexe de relations sociales et d’échanges symboliques qui renvoient à la famille Gonzague et à l’ordre franciscain qui gérait à l’époque le sanctuaire. / The purpose of my doctoral thesis is to advance understanding of the process of production of votive images through the study of a set of sculptures exposed in the Sanctuary of Madonna delle Grazie, that is situated on the bank of the Mincio, some five miles west of Mantua. The extraordinary votive display that we can admire inside, is made up of fifty-three effigies representing the life-size donor, mostly dating from the sixteenth century and equipped with real accessories (clothing, ropes, devotional objects ...). These sculptures are placed into an architectural structure that is completely covered with wax anatomical ex-votos. The documents concerning the votive effigies have been linked with other rare sources of this practice in Italy. The fundamental aim is to show that these full-size sculptures has a conceptual dimension that overtakes the simple notion of offering. The devotional act in the Mantuan sanctuary consists in making the survivor recognisable through the realization of realistic images. In doing so, such act pose anthropological questions regarding the efficacy of this ritual and the effects that these sculptures arise in the devotional community. From a more interdisciplinary perspective, what became interesting was to understand the artistic discourses about resemblance and mimesis and about the meaning of pursuing this likeness to the devotee in the ex-voto ritual. This study is also based on several assumptions concerning the elements that compose the Madonna delle Grazie sanctuary: the scenographic architecture in which the sculptures are displayed, the wax decoration, the rhyming votive inscriptions of the effigies, the floral fresco of the vault. The pourpose of this work is to demonstrate how this "votive scenario" presents a dimension that goes beyond mere illustration of the miracle. This system forces us to reflect on the pluralistic and dynamic dimension of images. This dimension concerns the role of representation in the devotional practices of the modern period (15th-17th centuries), the ability of these sculptures to elicit reactions on the observer and their function within a complex network of social relations and symbolic exchanges which refer to the Gonzaga family, rulers of the city of Mantua, and the Franciscan friars that had the care of the sanctuary.

Beeinflussung der Ex-vivo-Chemoresponse von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region auf Cisplatin und Docetaxel durch 5-Fluorurazil

1 Abstract Every year, the number of species considered as endangered increases, especially due to human activities. Nowadays, captive breeding in zoological gardens becomes an option for their survival in refugees. Zoological gardens function as so-called "Noah's Ark", which has the potential to shelter a large amount of individuals from many species. In the future, this opportunity may give us a chance to reintroduce a species that disappeared in the nature. There are many factors influencing which species will be selected to be kept in zoos, e.g., the IUCN status, taxonomical uniqueness, availability, etc., but it was found that especially the size of the animal and the human aesthetic preferences affect the selection. However, every group of animals is evaluated independently in the terms of beauty, and thus, it is necessary to detect these rules and then to apply them to conservation projects. This thesis examines the factors that influence human aesthetic preferences to mammals, both in terms of the characteristics of animals (their colour and morphology), and in terms of human factors (gender, age, education, residence). It was found that especially the pattern, saturation and overall lightness of the animal affect the evaluation of beauty in mammals. On the other hand, dark colours are evaluated...

L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier le dopage ex-situ de nanofils semiconducteurs IV pour des applications en électronique, spintronique ou encore thermoélectricité. Deux techniques de dopage ont été explorées : l’implantation par faisceaux d’ions et le Spin-On-Doping (SOD).L’implantation d’ions Mn a été testée dans les nanofils de Ge avec l’objectif de synthétiser un matériau semi-conducteur ferromagnétique dilué. Une concentration en Mn de quelques pourcents peut être atteinte sans amorphisation du fil ni formation de précipités, ce qui est très encourageant. Lors d’expériences d’implantation réalisées in situ dans un microscope électronique en transmission, une forte exaltation de la pulvérisation sous irradiation électronique a été constatée.La technique SOD consiste à faire diffuser thermiquement les impuretés de type p ou n contenues une résine de type HSQ (Hydrogen silsesquioxane) qui enrobe les nanofils. Le recuit de la HSQ (dopée ou non) engendre une modification structurale des nanofils (bien que cette technique soit considérée comme non destructive). Lors du recuit, une transformation partielle de la phase diamant 3C vers la phase hexagonale 2H, a en effet été observée dans les nanofils de Si et de Ge, au-delà de 500 et 400°C respectivement. Les paramètres essentiels de la transformation de phase sont la contrainte de cisaillement résultant de la densification de la résine et le budget thermique. Les nanofils de Ge deviennent amorphes au-delà de 650°C, ce qui interdit en pratique leur dopage par SOD.Les caractérisations électriques ont été réalisées sur des nanofils de Si réalisés par gravure ionique réactive sur substrats orientés (111) et contactés en matrice ou individuellement. Pour le contactage de nanofils uniques en configuration NW-FET (nanowire field effect transistors), un procédé technologique basé sur la lithographie électronique a dû être développé. Les difficultés à surmonter étaient relatives à la faible longueur des nanofils. Diverses techniques de caractérisation ont été mises en œuvre (I-V en configuration verticale ou horizontale de type TLM (Transient Linear Measurement), SSRM (scanning spreading resistance microscopy), EBIC (electron beam induced current). Les mesures collectives concernent des ensembles de nanofils de type p enrobés dans une résine qu’elle soit dopante ou non. Pour observer un courant notable dans la structure, un recuit est nécessaire. Au-delà d’une température de recuit de 600°C, une polarisation négative du substrat induit un comportement conforme au mécanisme SCLC (space charge limited current) attendu pour des nanofils faiblement dopés enrobés dans une matrice isolante. En positif, on observe une caractéristique I(V) ohmique et une densité de courant jusqu’à 500 fois plus élevée dans les nanofils que dans le substrat. Ce comportement pourrait être dû à l’influence des états d’interface provenant de la technique de gravure. Cette hypothèse est confortée par le fait qu’après recuit à 900°C, le courant en direct s’explique en considérant dans les fils un dopage proche de celui du substrat, et surtout par l’observation en SSRM d’une couche conductrice interfaciale entre fils et HSQ. Elle permet aussi d’interpréter les mesures sous pointes faites sur les fils de type n. Le mode de transport SCLC a également été observé pour des nanofils individuels contactés sous pointe ou par lithographie. Ces mesures n’ont pas mis directement en évidence l’influence de la transformation de phase.Le dopage de type n ou p par SOD s’avère efficace après recuit à 900°C. Dans ce cas, les comportements observés, contacts ohmiques et jonctions p-n, peuvent être interprétés plus simplement en considérant des niveaux de dopage supérieurs à 3×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ en type p et 2×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ en type n. Ces valeurs déduites des résistivités mesurées sont sans doute très sous-estimées puisque la mobilité dans les fils est sans doute inférieure à celle du volume. / This thesis aims at studying the ex-situ doping of semiconducting nanowires (NWs) for applications in electronics, spintronics or thermoelectricity. Two widely used techniques have been envisaged: ion beam implantation and Spin-On-Doping (SOD).The ion beam implantation of Mn ions has been tested in Ge NWs in an attempt to form a 1D diluted magnetic semiconductor structure. A Mn concentration of few percents can be achieved without amorphization of the nanowire nor clustering, what is very promizing. During implantation done in situ in a transmission electron microscope, a strong enhancement of the sputtering under electron irradiation has been observed.The doping by SOD results from the thermal diffusion of p-type or n-type impurities contained in a HSQ (Hydrogen silsesquioxane) resist in which the NWs are embedded. The curing of the HSQ resist (doped or not) leads to a structural modification of nanowires (while SOD is generally assumed to be non-destructive). As a result of the annealing, a partial transformation of the 3C diamond phase towards the 2H hexagonal phase is observed in Si and Ge nanowires, above 500 et 400°C respectively. The main parameters of that phase transformation are the shear stress due to the HSQ densification and the thermal budget. Ge NWs are found to turn to amorphous above 650°C, what renders SOD practically unusable for Ge NWs. Two methods are currently used for the fabrication of nanowires, the VLS (vapor-liquid-solid) growth and reactive ion etching of (111) Si wafers. For practical reasons, etched NWs were used for the study of their electrical properties.The electrical characterizations were done on arrays of Si NWs embedded in a HSQ matrix or on single NWs. For contacting single NWs in the NW-FET(nanowire field effect transistors) configuration , a process based on electron beam lithography has been developed. The issues to be solved were related to the low length of NWs. Various measurement techniques were used: I-V in two tips or TLM (Transient Linear Measurement) arrangement, SSRM (scanning spreading resistance microscopy), EBIC (electron beam induced current). Collective measurements were done on arrays of p-type NWs embedded in a HSQ resist, doped or not. It was firstly observed that an annealing is needed to observe a noticeable current in the structure. Above an annealing temperature of 600°C, for a negative bias applied to the substrate, the observed behavior can be described by the SCLC (space charge limited current) mechanism expected for poorly doped NWs in an isolating matrix, while a positive bias applied to the substrate results in an ohmic characteristic and in a current density up to 500 times higher in the NWs than in the substrate. This unexpectedly high intensity in direct bias may be attributed to electrically active surface states resulting from the etching process. This hypothesis is conforted by the fact that an annealing at 900°C (without extra doping) the measured intensity can be explained by assuming the same doping level in NWS than in the substrate. In addition, an interfacial conductive between resist and nanowires can be observed by SSRM. These interfacial states can be also involved for understanding the measurements done on n-type NWS. The SCLC mechanism of transport has been also observed for single NWs contacted by tips or by lithographied contacts. These measurements were not able to evidence the effect of the phase transformation on the electrical properties.P-type and n-type doping by SOD becomes effective after annealing at 900°C. After doping, ohmic or rectifying behaviours on p-type substrate are observed as expected. That renders more easy the interpretation of results, by assuming doping levels in the NWs of 3×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and 2×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ for p-type and n-type respectively. These values as deduced from resistivities are probably very underestimated as the mobilities in NW are probably much lower than in the bulk.