<p>Physical inactivity together with overweight and obesity has emerged as a major health risk factor for chronic disease of lifestyle as coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, and hypertension affecting adolescents with physical disabilities in developed countries. This has contributed to the increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and social services in these countries. Review of literature has revealed that little has been documented about the status of adolescents with physical disabilities in developing countries. This study, therefore, aimed at establishing the degree of physical inactivity among high school adolescents with physical disabilities in Kenya.</p>

This thesis explores how women who exercise regularly frame their involvement in exercise with regard to discourses of femininity, fitness, consumerism, and healthism, and how these contemporary discourses impact women’s exercise choices. Sixteen semistructured interviews were conducted with women who exercise regularly. The objective was to elicit detailed information about the types of exercise these women were involved in, how they came to exercise in particular ways, and with what rationales. A Foucaultian discourse analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken to uncover commonalities and differences in how the sometimes competing discourses of femininity, fitness, consumerism, and healthism affect the types of exercise engaged in. By examining the interplay between discourse, power/knowledge, surveillance, discipline, subjectivity, and the resultant construction of normative feminine and health ideals, this thesis attempts to determine how women are constructed, and construct themselves, as regular exercisers and how this construction impacts the ways in which the women chose to exercise. / vii, 149 leaves ; 29 cm

<p>Physical inactivity together with overweight and obesity has emerged as a major health risk factor for chronic disease of lifestyle as coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, and hypertension affecting adolescents with physical disabilities in developed countries. This has contributed to the increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and social services in these countries. Review of literature has revealed that little has been documented about the status of adolescents with physical disabilities in developing countries. This study, therefore, aimed at establishing the degree of physical inactivity among high school adolescents with physical disabilities in Kenya.</p>

Tendo em vista o grande numero de cavalos praticantes de atividades físicas altamente competitivas, a necessidade de se acompanhar o treinamento e a observação dos efeitos do treinamento no rendimento atlético dos animais, foi proposta a padronização de um teste incremental de esforço máximo a campo para cavalos adaptado do UM-TrackTest proposto para humanos. Para tanto foram utilizados 10 animais da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo, alojados em uma única vila hípica e submetidos ao mesmo manejo nutricional e de treinamento. Foram avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos (CK, LDH, lactato circulante e glicemia circulante) e sanguíneos (numero total de hemácias, concentração de hemoglobina circulante e hematócrito) ao final de cada estágio de aceleração onde as velocidades foram mantidas através de um sinal sonoro e marcações na pista de teste eqüidistantes a 50 metros. A análise estatística dos resultados obtidos das amostras colhidas demonstrou correlação de todas as variáveis analisadas em relação à intensidade do exercício quando comparadas ao repouso exceto a analise de CK e LDH que não mostrou alterações significantes durante todo o teste ( p = 0,5205 e p = 0,7913 respectivamente). O lactato apresentou uma correlação positiva (p = 0,000) em relação a FC e esta uma correlação positiva (p = 0,000) com relação a intensidade. Numero de hemácias circulantes (p = 0,000), concentração de hemoglobina circulante (p = 0,002) e hematócrito (p = 0,000) também tiveram correlação positiva com à intensidade. Com relação à glicemia observou-se uma correlação negativa significante com a FC (p = 0,003 e r = -0,312). O teste proposto demonstrou ser uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação e de reprodução a campo, permitiu a observação e constatação do limiar de lactato e permitiu a observação e avaliação das interações e inter-relações dos sistemas orgânicos mais relevantes durante o exercício. / In a view of the larger number of horses that practice highly competitive physical activities, the need to monitor the training and observation of the effects of training in athletic performance of the animals, it was proposed to develop a standard test for incremental maximum effort at the field for horses adapted to UM-TrackTest proposed for humans. To achieve this purpose, 10 animals of the breed of Brazilian Equestrian, housed in a single town riding and submitted at the same nutritional management and the same training. Biochemical (CK, LDH, lactate and glucose circulating stock) and hematologic parameters (total number of red blood cells, concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit) were evaluated at the end of each stage of acceleration where the speeds were maintained through a sound and markings in equidistant test track at 50 meters. Statistical analysis of the results of samples taken showed correlation of all variables in relation to the intensity of physical exercise when compared to resting status at the end of exercise, except for review of CK and LDH that showed no significant changes throughout the test (p = 0.5205 and p = 0.7913 respectively). The lactate showed a positive correlation (p = 0000) compared to HR and HR showed a positive correlation (p = 0000) with regard to intensity. Number of circulating red blood cells (p = 0000), circulating concentration of hemoglobin (p = 0002) and hematocrit (p = 0000) also had positive correlation with the intensity. With regard to glycemic there was a significant negative correlation with HR (p = 0003 and r = -0312). The proposed test proved to be a tool for easy application that can be applied on the field, allows the observation and finding the lactate threshold and allowed the observation and evaluation of the interactions and inter-relationships of organic systems more relevant during exercise.

As modalidades esportivas equestres exigem cada vez mais cavalos com alto desempenho. Portanto o conhecimento das principais adaptações dos sistemas envolvidos na melhora do desempenho (muscular, pulmonar e cardiocirculatório) se faz necessário. Há diversos estudos na literatura sobre a adaptação do sistema muscular e respiratório em equinos, porém os poucos estudos existentes que envolvam o sistema cardiocirculatório durante o exercício o referem-se apenas a alterações de ritmo. O número de trabalhos científios é ainda mais escasso quando se pesquisa a interação do treinamento físico com o sistema cardiocirculatório. O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar as principais alterações cardiocirculatórias decorrentes da prática de atividade física contínua em intensidade leve a moderada por um período de 90 dias de treinamento aeróbico. Para isso foram avaliados nove equinos, da raça Árabe e Cruzados Árabes, machos ou fêmeas, adultos, em início das atividades de treinamento para prática de enduro, sendo cinco treinados a campo e quatro treinados em esteira de velocidade a 60% da frequência cardíaca máxima por 90 dias. Podemos concluir no presente estudo que o treinamento aeróbico num período de 90 dias já é suficiente para promover hipertrofia da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo melhorando a força de contração cardíaca. Essa, por sua vez, permite o aumento do volume ejetado pelo ventrículo esquerdo tendo como consequência um melhor fornecimento de oxigênio e nutrientes para a musculatura que está sendo utilizada para a atividade física levando a melhora dos parâmetros de desempenho (lactato, limiar de lactato, FC, V200, PCO2). No mesmo período se observa a diminuição da FC tanto de repouso como durante a prática de atividade física e diminuição do DC, PAS e PAM. Os resultados sugerem que assim como observado em ratos e em atletas a diminuição da PAS se dá pela diminuição do DC por ação do cronotropismo negativo. / Equestrian sports are increasingly demanding high performance horses. Therefore the knowledge of the main adaptations of the systems involved in the improvement of performance (muscle, lung and cardiocirculatory) is required. There are several studies in the literature on the adaptation of muscle and respiratory system in horses, but the few studies involving the cardio-circulatory system during exercise refers only to arrhythmic events. The number of studies is even sparse when researching the interaction of physical training with the cardiocirculatory system . The present study aims to characterize the main cardiovascular changes resulting from the practice of continuous physical activity in mild to moderate for a period of 90 days of aerobic training intensity. Nine horses were evaluated , arab and crusader arab breed, male or female , adult , in the beginning of training activities for practicing endurance, five trained to field and four trained treadmill speed at 60 % of maximum heart rate for 90 days. We can conclude in this study that aerobic training within 90 days is enough to promote hypertrophy of the free wall of the left ventricle to improve the strength of cardiac contraction. This improvement increases the volume ejected by the left ventricle resulting in a better supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles being used for physical activity leading to improvement in performance parameters (lactate, lactate threshold, FC, V200, PCO2). In the same period we observe a decrease in heart rate both at rest and during physical activity and decreased DC, SBP and MBP. The results suggest that as observed in rats and athletes decreased SBP occurs by decreasing the DC for the negative chronotropic action.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Physical inactivity together with overweight and obesity has emerged as a major health risk factor for chronic disease of lifestyle as coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, and hypertension affecting adolescents with physical disabilities in developed countries. This has contributed to the increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and social services in these countries. Review of literature has revealed that little has been documented about the status of adolescents with physical disabilities in developing countries. This study, therefore, aimed at establishing the degree of physical inactivity among high school adolescents with physical disabilities in Kenya. / South Africa

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur design kan synliggöra rådande maskulinitetsnormer inom gym och träning med syfte att undersöka hur gym bättre tillgodoser gymbesökares behov. Utifrån studiens resultat utvecklas ett normkreativt gymkoncept samt prototyp. Studiens litterära efterforskningar beskriver hur design använts som kritiskt och synliggörande verktyg samt hur maktförhållanden kopplade till rådande maskulinitetsnormer tar sig i uttryck. Studiens koncept och prototyp är ett möjligt förslag på hur en bredare syn på maskulinitet, gym och träning skulle kunna möjliggöra uppfyllandet av fysiska och psykiska behov genom att introducera gymkontexten för värden som inte ryms inom rådande maskulinitsnormer. / This study examines how design can be used to highlight the current norms around masculinity within gym and excercise with the purpose of exploring how gyms better meet the gym visitors needs. The result of the study is developed in to a norm-creative concept and prototype. The literary research in the study describes how design has been used as a critical and highlighting tool and how current norms around masculinity and associated power relations expresses itself. The study’s concept and prototype are a possible suggestion for how a widened understanding of masculinity, gym and exercise could facilitate the gym meeting the gym visitors physical and mental needs by introducing values in the gymcontext which isn’t included in current masculinity.

Introduction: The most of critical ill patients is immobilised for short or longer period of time. This depends on the character of their illness, medication or another organ support. As it has been proved during critical illness and forced immobilisation there is an significant reducing in muscle strength, exactly in 3 to 11 percent with every another day of immobilisation (46.) It is necessary to say that early mobilisation is not standardised approach in Czech medical environment. Aim of tthe work: The main target of this diploma is to figure out whether early mobilisation in critical ill patients means any significant difference in their functional status in comparison to those given standardised physiotherapy. Another target of this research is to set up safe and structured protocol for leading early mobilisation and to determine whether exercising with cyclo ergometer is linked to higher risk of side effects and to state the most probable reasons for delayed or not performed rehabilitation. Research methods: This diploma thesis is based on randomised research. Participants in the control group are undergoing standardised rehabilitation, intervention group is undergoing extended rehabilitation with cycle ergometer. The cyclo ergometer exercise will take place at least six times a week with...

This study aimed to investigate the response of trained intercollegiate and national level female athletes to twelve week depth-jump (DJ) training performed twice weekly with forty repetitions of DJs performed each training session. Results of statistical analysis revealed that only the .3 and .5 meter experimental group improved significantly on VJ ability. However, there was no significant increase in LS for either experimental group compared to the control group. It was concluded that DJ training from .3 and .5 meter heights is more optimal for increasing VJ ability of trained female athletes compared to the 0.75 and 1.1 meter heights as recommended by Verhoshanski for trained male athletes. It was also concluded that DJ training has the the ultimate purpose of developing explosive leg power not leg strength.

<p>[missing page:45]</p> / <p>BACKGROUND: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation during resistance exercise results in a greater increase in fat free mass (FFM), total body mass (TBM), and strength in young men and women. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the interactive effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on body composition, strength, and intramuscular total creatine concentration in older men and women.</p> <p>METHODS: Twenty-eight older men and women were randomly allocated, in a double blind fashion, to receive either CrM (n=14; CrM: 5g + 2g dextrose) or placebo (n=14; PL: 7g dextrose). Subjects participated in a 14 wk progressive, whole-body resistance training program. Pre-and post-training measurements included: 1 RM strength, isometric strength, body composition (TBM, FFM, %BF), muscle fiber area, and muscle total creatine and phosphocreatine.</p> <p>RESULTS: Training resulted in an increase in 1 RM strength for each of the 4 exercises (range = 26 - 60%) (p < 0.001), an increase in knee and dorsiflexion isometric strength (p < 0.001) and an improvement of performance on functional tasks (p < 0.001). Knee isometric strength was increased more for CrM (46.2%) as compared to PL (22.5%) (p < 0.05). Total body mass and lean body mass increased more for CrM (TBM: +1.2 kg; LBM: +1.7 kg) as compared to PL (TBM: -0.2 kg; LBM: 0.4 kg) (p < 0.05)</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that erM supplementation results in a greater increase in isometric knee extensor strength, total body mass and lean body mass during resistance training in older adults.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)