Calif., Univ. of California, Diss.--Berkeley, 2002. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 3 Beitr.

Submitted by JOAO BARROSO (joao.barroso@bcb.gov.br) on 2010-08-03T20:13:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 1045913 bytes, checksum: 1c6912b208fc1e79faee0ef3e07a6198 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Virginio Machado(andrea.machado@fgv.br) on 2010-08-04T12:22:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 1045913 bytes, checksum: 1c6912b208fc1e79faee0ef3e07a6198 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-08-04T17:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 1045913 bytes, checksum: 1c6912b208fc1e79faee0ef3e07a6198 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-05 / The thesis uses international price data to identify parameters of trade models with imperfect competition, therefore allowing inference on exchange rate behavior, gains from trade and variety of domestic goods. First, we investigate Brazilian exporters pricing behavior over the long-run following destination specific exchange rate shocks. We find evidence of incomplete exchange-rate pass-through in the long-run, which supports the market structure explanations over short-run sticky-price explanations. Second, we calculate import price indexes and the implied welfare gains from new varieties of imported goods, based on disaggregated estimates of elasticity of substitution parameters. Finally, we qualify standard results in the literature that point to a reduction in domestic varieties after trade liberalization; domestic varieties may expand if we introduce an additional margin in firms‟ technology, such as intermediate goods or high skilled labor. / Esta tese utiliza a informação contida em preços internacionais para identificar parâmetros de modelos de comércio sob competição imperfeita, desta forma permitindo inferência sobre o comportamento das exportações, sobre os ganhos de troca da abertura comercial e sobre a variedade de bens produzidos domesticamente. Em primeiro lugar, investigamos o repasse cambial, no longo prazo, para os preços praticados por exportadores brasileiros. O foco no longo prazo permite controlar os efeitos da rigidez de preço no curto prazo, de maneira que o repasse incompleto evidencie competição imperfeita com preços flexíveis. Em segundo lugar, calculamos os ganhos de troca de novas variedades de bens importados baseando-nos em estimativas para as elasticidades de substituição desagregadas. Finalmente, qualificamos a ênfase da literatura de comércio em ganhos de eficiência no lugar de ganhos de variedade, demonstrando que a variedade de bens produzidos domesticamente se amplia após aberturas comerciais desde que as firmas tenham uma margem de decisão em bens intermediários ou na qualificação da mão de obra.

Cette thèse propose quatre contributions à l'étude de la politique monétaire dans le contexte de l'économie vietnamienne, depuis 1995-1996 jusqu’à maintenant.Le premier chapitre donne aperçu de l'économie vietnamienne et sa politique monétaire. Il s’agit d’un chapitre qui problématise les questions traitées économétriquement dans le reste de la thèse.Chapitre 2 montrent qu'il y a une relation à long terme entre le taux de change du marché noir et ses variables monétaires. Le taux de change officiel, l’écart de la masse monétaire et de taux d'intérêt intérieur ont des effets positifs significatifs sur le taux de change du marché noir tandis que la production intérieure réelle et le taux d'intérêt à l'étranger ont un impact négatif significatif sur cet indice. Chapitre 3 fournissent de fortes preuves relatives à la relation à long terme entre taux de change et ses fondamentaux monétaires relatifs. Bien que les signes des taux d'intérêt estimés soient ambigu, les coefficients estimés de la monnaie et du rendement sont compatibles avec toutes les variantes traditionnelles du modèle monétaire de la détermination du taux de change. Finalement, nous constatons que le pass-through du taux de change sur l'inflation est fort et rapide, et que le taux de change a un effet positif significatif sur l'inflation. La masse monétaire joue un rôle important dans la détermination de l'inflation alors que le taux d'intérêt ne semble pas avoir un impact significatif sur l'inflation. En outre, le prix du pétrole l’influence considérablement. Un choc de taux d’intérêts des États-Unis joue un rôle insignifiant dans l’explication de la variabilité des variables macroéconomiques domestiques. / This dissertation proposes four contributions to the study of monetary policy in the context of Vietnamese economy from 1995-96 onwards. The first chapter provides an overview of Vietnamese economy and its monetary policy. It provides some issues that are resolved econometrically in the rest of the thesis.The second chapter investigates the black market exchange rate determination. We find that there is a long-run relationship between black market exchange rate and its relative monetary variables. Official exchange rate, money supply differential and domestic interest rate have significant positive effects on black market exchange rate while domestic real output and foreign interest rate have meaningful negative impact on black market exchange rate.The third chapter examines how well versions of monetary models explain the VND/U.S dollar exchange rate. Estimates provide strong evidences of long-run relationship between exchange rate and its relative monetary fundamentals. Although the signs of estimated interest rates are mixed, estimated coefficients of money and output are consistent with any traditional variant of monetary model of exchange rate determination. Eventually, we find that the exchange rate pass-through to inflation is high and rapid, and exchange rate has a significant positive effect of exchange rate on inflation. Estimates also reveal that money supply plays a significant role in shaping inflation while interest rate does not seem to have a meaningful impact on inflation. In addition, oil price also has significant impact on inflation. U.S interest rate shock plays an insignificant role in explaining the variability of domestic macro variables.

Thesis (M. Commerce (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the impact of the real effective exchange rate on South Africa‟s trade balance and whether the J-curve phenomenon and the Marshal-Lerner condition are satisfied in the economy. Using data spanning the period 1980Q1 – 2014Q4, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test as well as the Johansen cointegration test were employed to test for the long run cointegrating relationship between the variables. The ARDL approach was employed to estimate both the long run and short run models as well as to ascertain whether the Marshal – Learner condition as well as the J-curve phenomenon are satisfied in the RSA economy. The results from the cointegration tests show that there is a stable long run equilibrium relationship between the trade balance, real effective exchange rate, domestic GDP, money supply, terms of trade and foreign reserves. The results from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag long run model show that a depreciation of the ZAR improves the trade balance, thus confirming the MarshalLerner condition. The results further reveal that domestic GDP and money supply both have a significant negative impact on the trade balance in the long run with the terms of trade reported positive as well. Foreign reserves were not found to significantly affect the trade balance in the long run. In the short run, the ARDL error correction model shows that a ZAR depreciation leads to a deterioration of the trade balance, thus confirming the J-curve effect for the RSA economy. The terms of trade effect was reported positive in the short run, thus confirming the Harberger-LaursenMetzler effect (HLME) in the process. Money supply, domestic GDP and foreign reserves are also found to have a significant negative impact on the trade balance in the short run. Finally, the error correction model reveals that about 26% of the disequilibrium in the trade balance model is corrected in each quarter.

Thesis (M. Com. (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Investment as one of the main macroeconomic variables can ensure development of infrastructure and economic growth through increasing productivity and attracting investors. This study examined key determinants of investment activities by means of a comparative analysis between the SADC and BRICS groups during the period 2004- 2019. The key variables were the real exchange rate, real interest rate and trade openness. The analysis began by reporting unit roots tests, which paved way for employing Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (PARDL) methodology in the existence of different orders of integration. To estimate the long run relationship between the variables, we made use of the panel Johansen cointegration test, Pedroni test, Kao test and the Johansen Fisher cointegration test. Through the PARDL, the exchange rate and trade openness were found to be positive and statistically significant determinants of investment in SADC although statistically insignificant in the BRICS group. In addition, interest rates yielded insignificant results in the SADC region while, on the contrary, yielded a negative and statistically significant relationship in the BRICS group. The Granger causality test indicated a bi-directional causality in the exchange rate-investment and trade openness investment nexus for the SADC group while there was no causality in the BRICS group. It can be concluded that trade openness and exchange rate are key determinants of investment in the SADC region while interest rates are key in the BRICS group. It is therefore recommended that in order to attract investors and boost investment activities the SADC group need to focus more on exchange rate stability and trade openness while the BRICS group need to pay more attention to the flexibility of interest rates. This is beneficial on trading patterns, more for South Africa as it can be found in both groups.

The dissertation consists of four empirical papers in the field of monetary economics. The first paper examines the extent of real exchange rate misalignment in the selected euro area countries, the next two papers shed light on macroeconomic spillovers in the remaining EU countries which are not part of the single currency area, while the last paper focuses on the exchange rate pass-through in the Czech Republic.