Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T13:32:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRangelGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 1771839 bytes, checksum: 0f40c4426c285f3831c755c9be934db3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-08T20:00:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRangelGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 1771839 bytes, checksum: 0f40c4426c285f3831c755c9be934db3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T20:00:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRangelGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 1771839 bytes, checksum: 0f40c4426c285f3831c755c9be934db3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho de pesquisa objetiva desenvolver uma modelagem matem?tica e computacional do processo de filtra??o profunda durante o transporte de part?culas em suspens?o em meios porosos. Inicialmente, desenvolvemos um modelo matem?tico estoc?stico baseado em equa??es diferenciais parciais para modelar o processo de filtra??o profunda em meios porosos com a exclus?o pelo tamanho como mecanismo de captura. O modelo ? constitu?do das equa??es da conserva??o de massa de part?culas em suspens?o, cin?tica de captura de part?culas e cin?tica de obstru??o de poros. Considerando algumas hip?teses, foram obtidos modelos matem?ticos reduzidos, e consequentemente foram obtidas algumas solu??es anal?ticas para o transporte de part?culas e cin?tica de obstru??o de poros. Do ponto de vista num?rico, propomos algumas formula??es de m?todos de volumes finitos de primeira e segunda ordem n?o-oscilat?rios, satisfazendo uma condi??o CFL. Deduzimos formula??es preliminares discretas dos m?todos de Lax-Friedrichs (LxF) e Nessyahu e Tadmor (NT) baseados no algoritmo REA, com o intuito de introduzir as ideias iniciais do m?todo de volumes finitos de Kurganov e Tadmor (KT). Realizamos a discretiza??o do m?todo KT para equa??es diferenciais hiperb?licas homog?nea e n?o-homog?nea com o objetivo de simularmos o processo de filtra??o profunda. Para a resolu??o da equa??o do transporte de part?culas utilizamos o m?todo KT e para a cin?tica de obstru??o de poros fizemos uso da fam?lia de m?todos de Runge-Kutta. Simula??es num?ricas foram realizadas utilizando as formula??es discretas obtidas via m?todos de volumes finitos e o m?todo de Runge-Kutta, com o intuito de analisar a acur?cia e efici?ncia da metodologia num?rica apresentada. Finalmente, utilizamos a metodologia num?rica proposta com o objetivo de obtermos solu??es num?ricas do processo de filtra??o profunda, e consequentemente comparar os resultados num?ricos com as solu??es anal?ticas obtidas para os modelos matem?ticos reduzidos, possibilitando avaliar a acur?cia das formula??es discretas. Por fim, propomos solu??es num?ricas do processo de filtra??o profunda para avaliarmos como ocorre o transporte de part?culas em suspens?o em meios porosos. Para isso, foram utilizados diferentes tamanhos de part?culas e poros.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edilson Antonio Ignacio.pdf: 1821709 bytes, checksum: e23ab4e24c614bc3d2578f8558fe50e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-19 / This work investigates the issue of access to information for disabled people, evaluating the accessibility of Brazilian Government research sites through descriptive and exploratory methodology that are based upon information science theories. Theoretically speaking, this investigation is structured in a way that concepts of information, information society, disability and accessibility are carefully explored. The main goal is to look into the level of accessibility of Brazilian Government research web sites when it comes to disabled people, but also find out whether there is any indication that the discourse of digital inclusion, advocated by information society, is making a real difference for them. This investigation reveals that the access to contents of digital pages in the Brazilian Government web sites is still ineffective, presenting large amount of errors which means a high degree of difficulty for disabled people in general. In this way, it can be concluded that digital inclusion, universalization of internet access, information and knowledge are complex issues and they will continue to demand a lot of effort from everyone in order to become reality. / Este trabalho investigou, documental e historicamente, a quest?o do acesso ? informa??o pelas pessoas com defici?ncia, tomando como unidade de an?lise a avalia??o da acessibilidade em sites de ?rg?os de pesquisa brasileiros, a partir de uma abordagem metodol?gica descritiva e explorat?ria, fundamentada em referenciais te?ricos da Ci?ncia da Informa??o e de sua interface com outros campos do conhecimento cient?fico. Assim, teoricamente a pesquisa se sustenta nos conceitos de informa??o, sociedade da informa??o, defici?ncia e acessibilidade. Investigou-se a situa??o da acessibilidade em sites de ?rg?os de pesquisa brasileiros com objetivo de verificar em que contexto, efetivamente, se d? o acesso ? informa??o pelas pessoas com defici?ncia, tendo em vista o discurso sobre a inclus?o digital, compromisso assumido pela Sociedade da Informa??o e novo elemento introduzido pelas novas tecnologias na luta pela cidadania plena. A investiga??o permitiu inferir que, em que pese os esfor?os empregados, inclusive no ?mbito da prote??o legal que garante a acessibilidade, o acesso aos conte?dos digitais nas p?ginas de ?rg?os oficiais do governo brasileiro ainda n?o ? efetivo, apresentando altos ?ndices de erros que refletem o grau de dificuldade enfrentado pelos usu?rios com defici?ncias, o que coloca a inclus?o digital, a universaliza??o do acesso ? internet, ? informa??o, ao conhecimento, como uma quest?o complexa que continua a exigir os esfor?os de todos para que se torne realidade.

Cette thèse analyse le processus par lequel les entreprises d’insertion tentent de neutraliser la situation d’exclusion des populations marginalisées. Il s’agit des individus souvent sans emploi, sans revenu et sans protection sociale qui se battent pour exister socialement. Ils sont diversement nommés et appréhendés par la théorie sociologique, soit en termes « d’inutiles au monde » ou de « désaffiliés », soit en termes de « personnes disqualifiées », de « rebuts humains » ou de « vaincus dans la lutte pour le capital symbolique », pour l’importance sociale. En accordant leur intérêt exclusivement à ces exclus et en transformant le revenu d’assistance sociale en salaire de travail, les entreprises d’insertion jouent, depuis les années 1980, un rôle crucial dans leur lutte pour l’existence sociale et les placent dans la lisière du travailleur et de l’assisté social pour les transformer et les insérer dans le marché du travail. Nous saisissons l’encastrement social et l’émergence de ces entreprises comme un vecteur d’inclusion sociale en lien avec la dépossession sociale qui s’opère par la montée du travail atypique, l’obligation d’activation sociale et le recul de la protection sociale pour comprendre ce qui se joue réellement dans ces organismes. À savoir, en quoi et comment leurs interventions permettent-elles de réhabiliter et de réinsérer les vaincus postfordistes dans le marché du travail ? Quelle est leur mission véritable ? S’agit-il d’une mission d’adaptation des travailleurs aux besoins du marché du travail, d’activation des prestataires potentiels de l’assistance sociale, de requalification des exclus ou de lutte contre l’exclusion et la pauvreté ? Nous inscrivant dans la continuité de Pierre Bourdieu pour qui « le monde social, armé de ce savoir, peut défaire ce que le monde social a fait », cette thèse interroge la mission de ces entreprises en rapport avec le mandat reçu d’Emploi-Québec dans la perspective de la théorie des champs de l’auteur. Laquelle perspective définit l’exclusion et l’insertion sociales comme la position occupée dans l’espace social, résultant du rapport des espèces de capital possédé à ses habitus, les dispositions sociales héritées de sa trajectoire sociale. Ce faisant, l’exclusion sociale reste et demeure un processus de dépossession sociale, c’est-à-dire de décapitalisation, la carence de ressources et pouvoirs nécessaires et indispensables à l’occupation et au maintien d’une position sociale donnée dans un champ. Dès lors, renverser l’exclusion sociale est bien possible et correspond à la mise en œuvre d’un processus de repossession sociale, c’est-à-dire de capitalisation ou de recapitalisation, entendue comme la dotation des exclus en ressources et pouvoirs nécessaires pour payer leurs droits d’entrée dans le champ, s’y investir et jouer le jeu. Nous considérons cet objet d’analyse en mettant en œuvre un double dispositif méthodologique. D’une part, nous avons donné la parole à des dirigeants et intervenants d’entreprises d’insertion qui ont accepté volontiers de nous parler de leurs récits de pratique, c’est-à-dire de ce qu’ils ont fait et font ordinairement avec les bénéficiaires. Ce qui permet de retracer les formes d’interventions pour comprendre ce qui se fait et se défait dans les entreprises afin de doter les bénéficiaires en capitaux nécessaires à leur insertion dans le marché du travail. D’autre part, nous avons donné la parole à des participants afin de comprendre les faits structurants de trois moments de leurs trajectoires sociale et professionnelle, les moments ante-parcours, in-parcours et post-parcours d’insertion. À partir d’un matériau de 69 entretiens en profondeur (36 avec des membres dirigeants et intervenants et 33 avec des participants et participantes), nous analysons la formation des travailleurs et travailleuses précaires et polyvalents, dotés d’un méta-capital. C’est le capital spécifique de ce sous-champ d’insertion, la production des habitus professionnels, devant fonctionner comme un capital à caractère général et universalisant, appelé « les compétences transférables ». Les portraits-types de bénéficiaires permettent ainsi de révéler en quoi le parcours d’insertion est propice pour l’évolution de leur trajectoire. / Abstract This thesis analyzes the process by which integration enterprises try to neutralize the exclusion of marginalized populations. These are individuals who are often unemployed, without income and without social protection who struggle to exist socially. They are variously named and understood by sociological theory, either in terms of "useless in the world" or "disaffiliated", or in terms of "disqualified persons", "human rejects" or "vanquished in the struggle for the world". By giving their interest exclusively to those excluded and by transforming the income from social assistance into working wages, integration enterprises have, since the 1980s, played a crucial role in their struggle for social existence and placed them on the fringes of society. We understand the social embeddedness and the emergence of these companies as a vector of social inclusion in connection with social dispossession which takes place through the rise of atypical work, the obligation of social activation and the decline in social protection to understand what is really going on in these organizations. Namely, how do their interventions make it possible to rehabilitate and reintegrate the defeated post-Fordists into the labor market? What is their real mission? Is it a mission of adapting workers to the needs of the labor market, activating potential social assistance providers, re-qualification of the excluded or the fight against exclusion and poverty? In line with Pierre Bourdieu for whom “the social world, armed with this knowledge, can undo what the social world has done”, this thesis questions the mission of these companies in relation to the mandate received from Emploi-Québec from the perspective of the author's field theory. This perspective defines social exclusion and inclusion as the position occupied in social space, resulting from the relationship of the capital possessed to its habits, the social arrangements inherited from its social trajectory. In doing so, social exclusion remains a process of social dispossession, that is to say of decapitalization, the lack of resources and powers necessary and essential to the occupation and maintenance of a given social position in a field. Therefore, reversing social exclusion is quite possible and corresponds to the implementation of a process of social repossession, that is to say of capitalization or recapitalization, understood as the endowment of the excluded with the necessary resources and powers to pay their entry fees to the field, invest in it and play the game. We demonstrate here this object of analysis by implementing a double methodological device. On the one hand, we gave the floor to managers and workers in integration enterprises who willingly agree to talk about their practices. This makes it possible to trace the forms of intervention in order to understand what is done and what is undone in companies in order to provide the beneficiaries with the capital necessary for their integration into the labor market. On the other hand, we gave the floor to participants to understand the structuring facts of three moments in their social and professional trajectories, the pre-journey, in-journey and post-integration moments. Using material from 69 in-depth interviews (36 with executive members and speakers and 33 with participants), we analyze the fabric of precarious and versatile workers, endowed with a meta-capital. It is the specific capital of this insertion sub-field, the production of professional habits, to function as a general and universalizing capital, called "transferable skills". The typical portraits of beneficiaries thus make it possible to reveal the opportunity of the integration process for the development of their trajectories.