Abstract Authors:   Ekman, Felix 890924                Henriksson, Richard 880325 Tutor:    <img src="file:///page3image1648" />   Prof. Anders Pehrsson Examiner: Ass. Prof. Sarah Philipson Title:         Explanatory Factors of Perceived Expansion Barriers Introduction: A characteristic of the twenty first century business environment is the increased globalisation. Due to the globalisation, it has become necessary for organizations to be involved in international business, and the globalisation of the marketplace in general has increased the export. When expanding to international markets, companies might face some obstacles and barriers, which makes it an important topic in the research field of international marketing and strategy. Since most research focuses just on the importance of the expansion barriers, it would be of importance to provide empirical evidence on what types of explanatory factors that are associated with firms’ perception of expansion barriers. Purpose: Gain an understanding of different explanatory factors regarding expansion barriers for companies’ expansion on international markets. Methodology: The research approach was quantitative with mainly primary data, which was collected through a questionnaire distributed through e-mail. The sample frame was Swedish companies that exporting goods to Norway, Poland, Russia and/or the Baltic region. A total of 157 completed questionnaires, response rate of 20%, were collected and was the foundation for the analysis and results. Conclusion: The explanatory factors that are associated with the perception of expansion barriers were; Geographical and Cultural distances, Market experience and Institutional collaborations. The fourth explanatory factor, intermediating strategy, has in this study no association to the perception of the barriers. Keywords: Expansion Barriers, Explanatory Factors, International Marketing Strategy.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-15T13:19:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno de Medeiros Teixeira.pdf: 1700352 bytes, checksum: 6884f7295b12f70912128ee5566824e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T13:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno de Medeiros Teixeira.pdf: 1700352 bytes, checksum: 6884f7295b12f70912128ee5566824e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os fatores explicativos da adesão às práticas de governança em entidades fechadas de previdência complementar (EFPC) brasileiras. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação teve como base a teoria de agência, que pressupõe a existência de assimetria informacional, conflito de interesses e disposição distinta para assumir o risco, nas relações entre agente e principal. Um dos instrumentos utilizados, como resposta aos problemas de agência, é a governança. Além desse embasamento teórico, foram empregados os estudos empíricos nacionais e internacionais sobre a governança em EFPC. Ainda, foi analisada a legislação brasileira de governança para EFPC e o manual de governança da Superintendência Nacional de Previdência Complementar (PREVIC), órgão que supervisiona e fiscaliza essas organizações. Com base nesse conjunto de informações, foi construído um total de 34 indicadores representativos de governança para EFPC, os quais permitiram mensurar o nível de adesão às práticas de governança dessas organizações. Tendo como suporte a teoria de agência e a revisão de literatura empírica sobre o tema, estabeleceu-se um conjunto de hipóteses explicativas da adesão às práticas de governança das EFPC. Para que essas hipóteses fossem testadas, elaborou-se um conjunto de variáveis, as quais foram submetidas à técnica estatística de regressão linear múltipla. Essa pesquisa teve como amostra 110 EFPC pertencentes aos grupos A, B e C, da classificação estabelecida pela PREVIC. As evidências para mensurar o nível de adesão às práticas governança das EFPC, foram coletadas nas respectivas páginas eletrônicas disponíveis na Internet, e referem-se ao ano de 2014. Já, os dados utilizados para as variáveis explicativas são relativos ao ano de 2013, correspondendo ao último período em que as demonstrações contábeis e financeiras estavam encerradas, na data da coleta. Os resultados do modelo indicaram que as EFPC que possuem maior ativo, maior volume de recursos investidos, menor número de participantes, menor gasto com terceirização e patrocínio público, apresentam melhor nível de adesão às práticas de governança. Esse estudo poderá contribuir para que participantes, assistidos e demais partes interessadas possam compreender quais características que as EFPC com melhor governança possuem. Também poderá auxiliar na melhoria dos mecanismos de governança por parte das EFPC e no maior uso desses. / This study aimed to analyze the factors which explain the adherence to governance practices in private supplementary pension entities (EFPC) in Brazil. In this context, this thesis was based on agency theory, which assumes the existence of information asymmetry, conflict of interest and distinct willingness to take risk in relations involving agent and principal. One of the instruments used in response to agency problems, is governance. In addition to this theoretical basis, we employed national and international empirical studies on governance in EFPC. Besides, we analyzed the Brazilian legislation for EFPC governance and the governance manual of National Superintendence of Supplementary Pension (PREVIC), the body that oversees and supervises these organizations. Considering this information, it was built set of 34 indicators of governance for EFPC, which allowed measuring the level of adherence to governance practices of these organizations. Supported by theoretical and empirical literature review on the topic, it was established a set of explanatory hypotheses of accession to the governance practices in EFPC. The variables constructed to test these hypotheses were submitted to statistical technique of multiple linear regression. The sample consists of 110 EFPC belonging to groups A, B and C of the classification established by PREVIC. The evidence used to measure the level of adherence to governance practices EFPC were collected on their web pages available on the Internet, and refer to the year 2014. For the explanatory variables, the data used refer to the year 2013, corresponding to the last period in which the accounting and financial statements were closed during data collection. The model results indicated that the EFPC that has greater assets, higher volume of invested resources, fewer participants, lower expenses on outsourcing and public sponsorship, have better level of adherence to governance practices. This study may contribute to participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders so that they can understand the characteristics that EFPC with better governance have. It may also help to improve the governance mechanisms by the EFPC and greater use of these.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-25T13:48:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vagner Naysinger Machado.pdf: 965889 bytes, checksum: 9431969afa14935047d738cea2d997ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-25T13:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vagner Naysinger Machado.pdf: 965889 bytes, checksum: 9431969afa14935047d738cea2d997ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O objetivo da dissertação foi identificar os fatores explicativos do nível de evidenciação (NE) dos municípios mais populosos da Região Sul do Brasil, nas respectivas páginas eletrônicas publicadas na internet. Nesse sentido, a Teoria da Legitimidade pressupõe que o processo de legitimação da gestão pública está atrelado ao cumprimento do contrato social, o que está ameaçado pela ocorrência da problemática da assimetria informacional. Uma das formas de minimizar este problema e reafirmar a legitimidade dos gestores públicos seria a adoção de boas práticas de governança, em especial a transparência por meio da evidenciação de informações públicas. A este embasamento teórico soma-se a revisão de estudos empíricos nacionais e internacionais quanto à transparência e à evidenciação da gestão pública. Além disso, investigou-se a legislação brasileira com foco na evidenciação e no acesso às informações quanto ao setor público. E assim construiu-se um conjunto de 86 indicadores de informação. A análise das páginas eletrônicas no sentido da evidenciação desses indicadores possibilitou a mensuração do nível de evidenciação da gestão pública. Nesse sentido, para identificar os fatores explicativos do nível de evidenciação formulou-se um conjunto de hipóteses, com o pressuposto de que há uma relação entre esses fatores e o NE dos municípios. Para testar essas hipóteses foi construído um conjunto de variáveis, as quais foram submetidas à técnica estatística da regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados do modelo estatístico estimado indicam que os fatores que influenciam no processo de legitimação dos gestores públicos e explicam o nível de evidenciação dos municípios é o IFDM, a receita corrente líquida e o partido político do prefeito municipal. Além disso, os fatores que explicam o nível de evidenciação de informações obrigatórias é o PIB per capita e o IFDM dos municípios. E os fatores explicativos do nível de evidenciação de informações voluntárias é o PIB per capita, a população e o IFDM. Ao investigar o que levaria os gestores públicos a evidenciarem as informações quanto à sua gestão, os resultados dessa dissertação poderá orientar o desenvolvimento de políticas eficientes de transparência e evidenciação das informações públicas. / The aim of this thesis was to identify the factors that explain the level of disclosure (NE) of the most populous municipalities of southern Brazil, on the respective web pages published on the internet . In this sense, the Legitimacy Theory assumes that the process of legitimation of public management would be linked to the fulfillment of the social contract. What would be threatened by the occurrence of the information asymmetry matter. One way to minimize this problem and reaffirm the legitimacy of public managers would be the adoption of good governance, especially transparency through the disclosure of public information. In this theoretical background, there is the review of national and international empirical studies regarding transparency and disclosure of public management. Furthermore, we investigated the Brazilian legislation focusing on the disclosure and access to information concerning the public sector. Thus, we constructed a set of 86 indicators of information. The analysis of web pages towards the disclosure of these indicators made it possible to measure the level of disclosure of public management. In this sense, to identify factors that explain the level of disclosure, a set of hypotheses was formulated, with the assumption that there is a relation between these factors and the NE from these municipalities. In order to test these hypotheses, we built a set of variables, which were submitted to the statistical technique of multiple linear regression. The results of the estimated statistical model indicate that the factors that influence the legitimation process of public management and explain the level of disclosure of the municipalities is the IFDM, the current net revenue and the mayor’s political party. Furthermore, the factors that explain the level of disclosure of mandatory information is the GDP per capita and the IFDM from the municipalities. And the factors that explain the level of disclosure of voluntary information is the GDP per capita, the population and the IFDM. By investigating what would lead public managers to disclose information about their government, this dissertation will be able to guide the development of effective policies of transparency and disclosure of public information.

Après son indépendance, la République tunisienne a essayé d’instaurer un système éducatif égalitaire. Bien que l’objectif de rendre l’école accessible pour tous les élèves sans tenir compte de leurs classes sociales et de leur genre soit réalisé, d’autres formes d’inégalités apparaissent. Les politiques publiques sont, en effet, centrées sur une seule dimension de l’égalité qui est celle d’accès. Il en résulte, en autres, des inégalités scolaires de traitement et de résultat. Les statistiques mettent en évidence un déplacement des inégalités en faveur des filles. Ces dernières affichent une meilleure performance par rapport aux garçons, tel qu’observé dans le contexte occidental. La présente étude vise ainsi à comparer les parcours scolaires des filles et des garçons et d’examiner les facteurs socio scolaires à l’origine des inégalités entre les deux groupes d’élèves en Tunisie. L’étude s’intéresse précisément au cas de la région de Sfax. À partir des données administratives collectées auprès de quatre établissements scolaires dans la commission scolaire de Sfax, nous analysons la réussite, le décrochage scolaire et la note annuelle. Les analyses montrent que le taux de réussite des filles est plus élevé que celui des garçons même en tenant compte des caractéristiques socioéconomiques et scolaires. En ce qui a trait au décrochage scolaire, des résultats similaires sont soulignés. En d’autres mots, résider en milieu rural ou avoir un père au chômage ou exerçant un métier d’ouvrier augmente le risque de décrochage chez les garçons, mais n’a pas d’effet statistiquement significatif chez les filles. Comme pour la réussite scolaire et le décrochage, la moyenne annuelle, supérieure chez les filles à celle des garçons, serait plus associée à l’origine sociale chez les garçons que chez les filles. À partir de ces constats, l’étude suggère quelques pistes d’interprétation pour mieux comprendre les facteurs sous-jacents de ces inégalités. / After independence, the young Tunisian republic tried to establish an egalitarian education system. Although the goal of making school accessible to all students regardless of their social class, economic level and gender is achieved, other forms of inequality are emerging. Public policies are, in fact, centered on a single dimension of equality, which is that of access. This results, among other things, in educational inequalities in terms of treatment and results. Statistics have reveal a shift in inequalities in favor of girls. Girls display a better performance compared to boys like the situation in the Western context. The present study thus aims to compare the educational paths of girls and boys and to examine the socio-educational factors at the origin of the inequalities between the two groups of students in Tunisia. We precisely analyse the case of Sfax region. Based on administrative data collected from four schools in the school board of Sfax, we analyze students’ success, dropping out of school and the final score. The analyses show that the success rate of girls is higher than that of boys even when taking into account socioeconomic and educational characteristics. With regard to dropping out of school, similar results are highlighted. In other words, living in a rural area or having an unemployed father or working as a laborer increases the risk of dropping out for boys, but has no statistically significant effect for girls. As with school success and dropping out, the annual average, higher for girls than for boys, is more associated with social origin for boys than for girls. Based on these findings, the study suggests an interpretation to better understand their underlying factors.

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