The goal of this work is to create a model of a platform for an application development provided that this platform is implemented in PHP. Applications are built by connecting of functional modules according to desired properties. The run of these applications is provided by the platform.

Uma das questões mais importantes nas linguagens e arcabouços orientados a aspectos atuais é a expressividade da linguagem ou mecanismo de definição de pointcuts. A expressividade de uma linguagem de pointcuts impacta diretamente a qualidade dos pointcuts, uma propriedade que pode ser decisiva para a eficácia das implementações de aspectos. Neste trabalho, propomos os seletores de pontos de junção como um mecanismo de extensão simples para enriquecer linguagens de pointcut atuais com elementos que fazem o papel de \"novos pointcuts primitivos\". Os seletores de pontos de junção permitem a criação de pointcuts com maior valor semântico. Apesar de existirem mecanismos similares em algumas abordagens existentes, o conceito subjacente não foi claramente definido ou completamente explorado. Apresentamos também uma arquitetura simples para a adição de seletores de pontos de junção a um arcabouço orientado a aspectos existente, e mostramos exemplos do uso de seletores para melhorar a qualidade de pointcuts e facilitar o desenvolvimento de aspectos. / One of the main issues in modern aspect-oriented programming languages and frameworks is the expressiveness of the pointcut language or mechanism. The expressiveness of pointcut languages directly impacts pointcut quality, a property that can be decisive for the effectiveness of aspect implementations. In this work we propose join point selectors as a simple extension mechanism for enriching current pointcut languages with constructs that play the role of \"new primitive pointcuts\". Join point selectors allow the creation of pointcuts with greater semantic value. Although similar mechanisms can be found in some existing approaches, the underlying concept has not yet been clearly defined nor fully explored. We also present a simple architecture for adding join point selectors to an existing aspect-oriented framework, and show examples of usage of join point selectors to enhance the quality of pointcuts and make aspect development easier.

[pt] Diversos modelos de componentes de software para sistemas distribuídos já foram propostos pela indústria e pela academia, tais como Fractal, CCM, COM, OpenCOM, LuaCCM, e SCS. Uma das principais vantagens comumente atribuídas à abordagem de desenvolvimento baseado em componentes de software é o melhor suporte à extensibilidade independente (independent extensibility). Entretanto, a gerencia de múltiplas versões de componentes ainda é um grande desafio, especialmente quando não é possível atualizar todos os componentes do sistema ao mesmo tempo e passa a ser necessária a coexistencia, em um mesmo sistema, de diferentes versões de um mesmo componente. Neste trabalho, procuramos identificar os pontos fundamentais para oferecer suporte a múltiplas versões de interfaces de componentes de software e propor um modelo que ofereça esse suporte. Como avaliação da proposta, iremos estender o sistema de componentes SCS para dar suporte ao modelo proposto. Com base no histórico de evolução de diferentes componentes SCS utilizados em uma aplicação real, realizaremos experimentos com a nova versão do SCS para verificar a eficácia do modelo proposto. / [en] Several software component models for distributed systems have been proposed by the industry and academy, such as Fractal, CCM, COM, OpenCOM, LuaCCM, and SCS. One of the greatest advantages of component-based development is the better support for independent extensibility. However, managing multiple versions of components is still a challenge, especially when it’s not possible to update all the system’s components at the same time. Because of that, different versions of the same component interface shall be required to coexist in the same system. In this work, we try to identify the key points to support multiple versions of component interfaces and propose a model that offers this support. To evaluate the proposed model, we will extend the SCS component system to support it. Based on the evolution historic of different SCS components used in a real application, we will conduct experiments with the new version of SCS to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

In the twenty-first century, there are still many difficulties arise on software development. For example, the growing commercial demand variability, but the software maintainable level over time becoming less and less. We have to raise the importance of software design. Using good software design approachs to face the increasingly complex commercial demand. Therefore, this study analyzed the large-scale enterprise systems for the software design problems. Based on the theory of software design, software design methodology, software architecture, design pattern and design principle, this study introduce three software design approachs:"Flexible Integration Design", "Loosely Coupled Design", and "Parameter Table Design". Using the extensibility, flexibility, pluggability and reuseability to design system integration solutions: "Unified Accounting Rule Table" and "Unified Interface". This will help the large-scale enterprise systems for software development to increase quality and efficiency.

Aspect-oriented middleware is a promising technology for the realisation of dynamic reconfiguration in heterogeneous distributed systems. However, like other dynamic reconfiguration approaches, AO-middleware-based reconfiguration requires that the consistency of the system is maintained across reconfigurations. AO-middleware-based reconfiguration is an ongoing research topic and several consistency approaches have been proposed. However, most of these approaches tend to be targeted at specific contexts, whereas for distributed systems it is crucial to cover a wide range of operating conditions. In this paper we propose an approach that offers distributed, dynamic reconfiguration in a consistent manner, and features a flexible framework-based consistency management approach to cover a wide range of operating conditions. We evaluate our approach by investigating the configurability and transparency of our approach and also quantify the performance overheads of the associated consistency mechanisms.

[pt] Sistemas publish-subscribe são definidos por seu modelo básico de comunicação. No entanto, a maior parte dos sistemas publish-subscribe existentes incorpora outros mecanismos em sua implementação. Este trabalho busca um melhor entendimento de sistemas publish- subscribe, definindo uma arquitetura onde diferentes camadas agrupam decisões e construções relacionadas. Baseado nesta arquitetura, descrevemos um sistema desenvolvido em Lua que utiliza uma tabela hash distribuída como base. O sistema se diferencia dos sistemas publish-subscribe monolíticos e tem como foco generalidade, flexibilidade e extensibilidade. / [en] Publish-subscribe systems are defined by its communication model. However, most of the existent publish-subscribe systems incorporate other mechanisms in their implementation. This work seeks a better understanding of publish-subscribe systems, defining an architecture where different layers group related decisions and constructions. Based on this architecture, we describe a system developed in Lua that uses a distributed hash table as its base. The system differs in its architecture from monolithic publish-subscribe systems and focus on generality, flexibility and extensibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2305795 bytes, checksum: 0e634264f2c488a816479aec2da0cc18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Advances in wireless communication technologies and miniatuziation of mobile devices are leading to great opportunities in the development of applications to explore this new computing frontier. However, the development of applications for such scenarios introduces new challenges, as mobile applications run on resouce-scarce devices and communicate with each other by means of wireless networks, which are characterized by intermittent connections. In order to avoid having to deal with such issues in an ad hoc fashion for every application, middleware platforms are adopted, concealing difficulties raised by mobility from application engineers as much as possible. Due to the asynchronous and loosely coupled communication style, Message-oriented Middleware (MOM) platforms have been commonly adopted for supporting the development of networked mobile applications. However, one of the most significant limitations of current MOM for mobile platforms is that they typically support a single, predefined communication paradigm (e.g., publish/subscribe). Such a restriction limits the scope of applications supported by the middleware. In order to mitigate such a limitation, this paper presents a middleware for mobile devices capable of supporting an extensible set of message-oriented communication paradigms (e.g. tuple spaces, message queue, publish/subscribe). Supported by an integrated architecture, which has been conceived based on a Software Product Line (SPL) approach, the middleware encapsulates common features that deal with mobility issues and provides them as shared, reusable components. Evaluation results show that the overhead introduced by such a multi-paradigm approach is minimal, both in memory footprint and runtime performance. Additionally, an application scenario illustrates how mobile applications may benefit from such an approach. / Os avanços nas tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e a miniaturização dos dispositivos móveis de alta capacidade estão trazendo grandes oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de aplicações que explorem essas novas fronteiras da computação. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento de aplicações nestes cenários traz novos desafios, pois estas operam em dispositivos de recursos limitados e comunicam-se através de redes sem fio, caracterizadas por conexões intermitentes. Para evitar que esses desafios tenham que ser resolvidos de forma improvisada para cada aplicação, plataformas de middleware são utilizadas, liberando os desenvolvedores de aplicações das dificuldades trazidas pela mobilidade. Devido ao seu estilo de comunicação assíncrono e fracamente acoplado, plataformas de Middleware orientado a Mensagens (MOM) têm sido comumente adotadas nestes casos. Entretanto, uma das limitações mais significantes das atuais plataformas de MOM é que elas geralmente dão suporte a um paradigma de comunicação único e predefinido (ex.: publish/subscribe). Essa restrição limita o escopo de aplicações que o middleware pode dar suporte. Para lidar com essa limitação, esta dissertação propõe um middleware para dispositivos móveis capaz de dar suporte a um conjunto extensível de paradigmas de comunicação baseados em mensagens (ex.: espaço de tuplas, filas de mensagens, publish/subscribe). Através de uma arquitetura integrada, a qual foi concebida baseada numa abordagem de Linha de Produto de Software (LPS), o middleware encapsula funcionalidades comuns para lidar com os desafios trazidos pela mobilidade, provendo componentes reusáveis e compartilhados entre os diversos paradigmas. Os resultados da avaliação mostram que o overhead introduzido pela abordagem multi-paradigma é mínimo, tanto em termos de espaço ocupado em memória, quanto em desempenho em tempo de execução. Por fim, com o intuito de ilustrar como aplicações móveis podem se beneficiar dessa abordagem, um cenário de aplicação é descrito.

Uma das questões mais importantes nas linguagens e arcabouços orientados a aspectos atuais é a expressividade da linguagem ou mecanismo de definição de pointcuts. A expressividade de uma linguagem de pointcuts impacta diretamente a qualidade dos pointcuts, uma propriedade que pode ser decisiva para a eficácia das implementações de aspectos. Neste trabalho, propomos os seletores de pontos de junção como um mecanismo de extensão simples para enriquecer linguagens de pointcut atuais com elementos que fazem o papel de \"novos pointcuts primitivos\". Os seletores de pontos de junção permitem a criação de pointcuts com maior valor semântico. Apesar de existirem mecanismos similares em algumas abordagens existentes, o conceito subjacente não foi claramente definido ou completamente explorado. Apresentamos também uma arquitetura simples para a adição de seletores de pontos de junção a um arcabouço orientado a aspectos existente, e mostramos exemplos do uso de seletores para melhorar a qualidade de pointcuts e facilitar o desenvolvimento de aspectos. / One of the main issues in modern aspect-oriented programming languages and frameworks is the expressiveness of the pointcut language or mechanism. The expressiveness of pointcut languages directly impacts pointcut quality, a property that can be decisive for the effectiveness of aspect implementations. In this work we propose join point selectors as a simple extension mechanism for enriching current pointcut languages with constructs that play the role of \"new primitive pointcuts\". Join point selectors allow the creation of pointcuts with greater semantic value. Although similar mechanisms can be found in some existing approaches, the underlying concept has not yet been clearly defined nor fully explored. We also present a simple architecture for adding join point selectors to an existing aspect-oriented framework, and show examples of usage of join point selectors to enhance the quality of pointcuts and make aspect development easier.

Afin de sécuriser les applications web, nous nous sommes intéressés à appliquer des analyses dynamiques de sécurité à des programmes JavaScript. Dansce contexte, pouvoir rapidement modifier l’interpréteur et composer des analyses à l’exécution est primordial. Une façon d’effectuer ces changements aurait été parrefactorisation. Mais la refactorisation peut être délicate et chronophage, car elle implique de réécrire des parties du code source, voire de réorganiser toute l’architecture du programme. La refactorisation est trop coûteuse lorsque prime la vitesse d’itération.Nous explorons une alternative économe à la refactorisation : le détournement. Détourner un programme c’est changer ses résultats sans directement modifierson code source. Pour détourner un programme, on exploite des techniques d’indirection, tels que la portée dynamique et la métaprogrammation.On commence par passer en revue les techniques utilisées pour des problèmes connexes d’extensibilité, et on applique ces techniques pour détourner des interpréteurs simples. Puis, on montre comment le détournement peut aider à construire un interpréteur par incréments, pour permettre d’activer dynamiquement des comportements alternatifs. Enfin, on applique ces techniques pour détourner un véritable interpréteur JavaScript par de multiples analyses dynamiques de sécurité.Au prix d’un potentiel impact en efficacité et en sûreté, détourner l’interpréteur est à la fois plus rapide et plus flexible que de le réécrire, ce qui fait du détournement une alternative légitime à la refactorisation. / For securing web applications, we were interested in applying dynamic security analyses to JavaScript programs. In this context, the ability to quickly modify the interpreter and to compose analyses at runtime is paramount. One way to effect these changes would have been through refactoring. But refactoring can be tricky and time-consuming, as it entails to rewrite parts of the source code, and even to reorganize the program’s whole architecture. Refactoring is too costly when rapid iteration is preferred.We explore a lightweight alternative to refactoring: diverting. To divert a program is to change its results without directly modifying its source code. To divert a program, we leverage indirection techniques such as dynamic scoping and metaprogramming.We first review the techniques used in related extensibility problems, like the Expression Problem, and apply these techniques to divert simple interpreters. We then show how diverting can help build interpreters incrementally in layers, allowing dynamic activation of alternative behavior. Finally, we apply those techniques to divert a full-blown JavaScript interpreter with multiple dynamic security analyses. We find that, with potential costs in efficiency and program safety, diverting is both faster and more flexible than rewriting the interpreter,thus making diverting a legitimate alternative to refactoring.

La parésie spastique est souvent envisagée comme une atteinte de la commande motrice, comportant une parésie de l’agoniste et une hyperactivité de l’antagoniste. Cependant, une seconde affection d’ordre musculaire - la myopathie spastique, apparait rapidement, pendant la phase aigüe après la lésion. L’hypomobilisation en position courte de certains muscles dans le contexte d’une parésie des muscles opposés s’accompagne d’une perte de leur tension longitudinale, première étape d’une cascade de transformations génétiques, structurelles, biomécaniques puis physiologiques des muscles hypomobilisés, incluant entre autres une perte de leur extensibilité et de leur longueur. Aux stades subaigu puis chronique du syndrome, les affections neurologique et musculaire coexistent, et semblent s’entretenir mutuellement.Sur le plan physiopathologique, ce travail de recherche s’est d’abord intéressé à ces intrications entre les affections neurologique et musculaire, et à la part de responsabilité potentielle de la myopathie spastique dans la fonction active. Ce premier travail a montré que le degré d’hypoextensibilité musculaire d’un antagoniste, au-delà d’un certain seuil, est corrélé au degré de perturbation de la commande motrice dirigée sur l’agoniste. La chronologie des différents événements établie dans la littérature, avec des anomalies histologiques musculaires qui apparaissent toujours avant les premières manifestions d’hyperactivité motoneuronale, amène à suggérer une responsabilité causale de la maladie du muscle dans une partie des perturbations ultérieures de la commande neuronale descendante. Ce rôle probablement essentiel de la maladie musculaire au sein de la parésie spastique doit inciter le clinicien à orienter une part significative de son traitement vers une stimulation optimale de la plasticité musculaire pour tenter de prévenir ou d’inverser le processus de myopathie spastique.Si l’étirement est depuis très longtemps une technique courante, sa capacité à augmenter durablement l’extensibilité musculaire est aujourd’hui controversée, même si ses effets à long terme, i.e. au-delà de six mois d’application quotidienne, n’ont pas été explorés.La deuxième partie, thérapeutique, de ce travail a donc été l’étude des effets à long terme d’un programme quotidien d’auto-étirements de haute intensité au sein de la méthode des Contrats d’Autorééducation Guidée, pendant un an ou plus. Il a d’abord été rétrospectivement montré que ce programme avait permis, sur trois années de suivi de sujets parétiques, une amélioration progressive importante de l’extensibilité musculaire mesurée cliniquement. Un essai randomisé contrôlé contre la kinésithérapie conventionnelle avec mesures échographiques de paramètres structuraux des muscles étirés a ensuite établi que l’application de ce programme durant un an chez des sujets atteints d’hémiparésie chronique sur AVC générait une augmentation de la longueur fasciculaire des muscles fléchisseurs plantaires, parallèlement à une amélioration de la fonction active, de façon nettement plus importante que la thérapie conventionnelle.L’ensemble de ces résultats doit participer à une meilleure prise en compte des altérations passives structurelles évolutives du muscle comme une entité nosologique, la myopathie spastique, méritant un traitement spécifique au sein de la parésie spastique, afin de limiter ses interactions avec la maladie neurologique et de réduire les déficits fonctionnels. La pratique quotidienne de postures d’auto-étirement à haute intensité, guidée par un thérapeute et auto-documentée par le patient sur un registre, peut être prescrite et réalisée sur le long terme, afin de traiter la myopathie spastique. / Spastic paresis is often understood as a neurologic disorder of the motor command that includes agonist paresis and antagonist overactivity. However, a second disorder, involving the muscle and named spastic myopathy, appears rapidly during the acute phase after the lesion. Hypo-mobilization in shortened position of some muscles of the paretic limbs, in the context of paresis of their antagonists, will reduce their longitudinal tension, which acts as the first event of a cascade of transformations involving genetic, structural, biomechanical, and then physiological mechanisms, leading to loss of muscle extensibility and length. At the subacute and chronic stages of this syndrome, the neurological and the muscular disorders coexist, seemingly feeding on each other.From a pathophysiological point of view, this research work started by exploring the entanglements between the neurological and muscular disorders, and the potential responsibility of spastic myopathy in the impairment of active function. The first study demonstrated that the loss of muscle extensibility in antagonists, when above a certain threshold, correlates with the degree of disturbance of the motor command directed to the agonist. The chronology of events established in the literature, with histological muscle abnormalities emerging always before the first expressions of motoneuronal overactivity, suggests a causal role of the muscle disorder in a part of the descending command disorder. The crucial role of the muscle disorder in the syndrome of spastic paresis should encourage clinicians to direct treatment towards techniques to stimulate muscle plasticity.Despite the classic use of muscle stretching in daily practice, its potential to increase muscle extensibility remains a subject of controversy, even though its long-term effects, i.e. over six months of daily implementation, have not been investigated. The second part of this work was thus therapeutic. We retrospectively explored the long-term effects of a daily, high load self-stretching programme within the Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract method, for at least a year. This work showed that this programme, applied over three years in paretic subjects, was increasingly associated with major gains in clinical muscle extensibility. A randomized controlled trial against conventional therapy, which used ultrasound exploration of structural parameters in the stretched muscles, demonstrated that this programme, applied over one year in subjects with stroke-induced chronic hemiparesis, enabled greater increase in plantar flexor fascicle length and active function improvement than conventional therapy.Taken together, these results will contribute to enhancing the knowledge about the evolving structural and mechanical muscle changes in spastic paresis, as a pathologic entity, spastic myopathy. Spastic myopathy needs to be specifically addressed, as it interacts with the neurological disorder and worsens functional impairment. Daily postures of high load self-stretch, guided by the therapist and self-monitored on a diary, should be prescribed and practiced over the long term, in order to treat spastic myopathy in subjects with spastic paresis.