• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 26
  • 6
  • 4
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 42
  • 42
  • 14
  • 13
  • 9
  • 8
  • 8
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Grading Meningioma: A Comparative Study of Thallium-SPECT and FDG-PET / 髄膜腫の悪性度の診断:タリウムSPECTとFDG-PETとの比較研究

Okuchi, Sachi 23 September 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19962号 / 医博第4152号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33058 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 伊佐 正, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
2

Adaptive biological image-guided radiation therapy in pharyngo-laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Geets, Xavier 28 April 2008 (has links)
In recent years, the impressive progress performed in imaging, computational and technological fields have made possible the emergence of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). The accuracy in radiation dose delivery reached by IMRT offers the possibility to increase locoregional dose-intensity, potentially overcoming the poor tumor control achieved by standard approaches. However, before implementing such a technique in clinical routine, a particular attention has to be paid at the target volumes definition and delineation procedures to avoid inadequate dosage to TVs/OARs. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the GTV is typically defined on CT acquired prior to treatment. However, providing functional information about the tumor, FDG-PET might advantageously complete the classical CT-Scan to better define the TVs. Similarly, re-imaging the tumor with optimal imaging modality might account for the constantly changing anatomy and tumor shape occurring during the course of fractionated radiotherapy. Integrating this information into the treatment planning might ultimately lead to a much tighter dose distribution. From a methodological point of view, the delineation of TVs on anatomical or functional images is not a trivial task. Firstly, the poor soft tissue contrast provided by CT comes out of large interobserver variability in GTV delineation. In this regard, we showed that the use of consistent delineation guidelines significantly improved consistency between observers, either with CT and with MRI. Secondly, the intrinsic characteristics of PET images, including the blur effect and the high level of noise, make the detection of the tumor edges arduous. In this context, we developed specific image restoration tools, i.e. edge-preserving filters for denoising, and deconvolution algorithms for deblurring. This procedure restores the image quality, allowing the use of gradient-based segmentation techniques. This method was validated on phantom and patient images, and proved to be more accurate and reliable than threshold-based methods. Using these segmentation methods, we proved that GTVs significantly shrunk during radiotherapy in patients with HNSCC, whatever the imaging modality used (MRI, CT, FDG-PET). No clinically significant difference was found between CT and MRI, while FDG-PET provided significantly smaller volumes than those based on anatomical imaging. Refining the target volume delineation by means of functional and sequential imaging ultimately led to more optimal dose distribution to TVs with subsequent soft tissue sparing. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a multi-modality-based adaptive planning is feasible in HN tumors and potentially opens new avenues for dose escalation strategies. As a high level of accuracy is required by such approach, the delineation of TVs however requires a special care.
3

Value of using liver FDG uptake as background activity in standardizing FDG PET/CT studies

Wilson, Colin Michael January 2011 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / The standardized uptake value (SUV) is increasingly being used for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring disease in clinical oncology. Comparing tumor SUV to background SUV is an attractive way to minimize variability and ensure the quality of scans across different institutions. The liver has been identified as a potential source for background normalization, however no studies have compared the liver to other background sites for a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of liver uptake for the standardization of FDG PET/CT imaging. Scans from 145 patients were prospectively reviewed under the supervision of a radiologist with board certification in nuclear medicine (R.M.S. , 3 years of experience). Liver SUV values were correlated to mediastinum SUV values in lung and breast cancer patients, and internal jugular vein (IJV) SUV values in head and neck cancer patients. The independent t-test was used to determine if there was a statistically significant affect of the amount of incubation time or use of intravenous contrast on the SUV. For the lung and breast cancer patients, a strong correlation was observed between the mediastinum SUVmean and liver SUVmean (r = 0.89), whereas for the head and neck cancer patients, a weaker correlation was observed between the IJV SUVmean and the liver SUVmean (r = 0.69). Neither the amount of incubation time nor the use of IV contrast demonstrated a significant affect on the SUV. We conclude that liver SUVmean may be used to standardize FOG PET/CT studies in cancers of the lung, breast and head and neck. However, additional studies in other cancers as well as the affects of age, gender, benign disease and use of chemotherapy are still desired before widespread adoption of this standard.
4

Dynamics of tumor progression and therapy response in Il-6 and Myc driven plasma cell malignancy

Duncan, Kaylia Mekelda 01 May 2013 (has links)
Emerging evidence indicates that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) are useful imaging modalities for evaluating tumor progression in transgenic mouse models of solid human cancers, but the potential of integrated FDG-PET/CT for assessing tumor development in genetically engineered mouse models of liquid human cancers - including neoplasms of immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing plasma cells - has not been established. Here we use a double-transgenic strain of laboratory mice, designated C.IL6Myc, that recapitulates key features of human plasma cell myeloma (a.k.a. multiple myeloma [MM]) to demonstrate that FDG-PET/CT affords a useful research tool for assessing plasma cell tumor (PCT) development in a serial, objective and, importantly, stage- and lesion-specific manner. Supported by serum biomarker analyses (Ig level, paraprotein) and histopathological findings in C.IL6Myc mice undergoing PCT development, the newly generated FDG-PET/CT data set demonstrates the potential of this imaging modality for preclinical basic and translational MM research. PET imaging of genetically engineered mice in which MM-like tumors arise predictably in an intact immunocompetent microenvironment may facilitate the design and testing of new approaches to the treatment and prevention of MM in humans.
5

Prognostic and predictive 18F-FDG PET/CT-based imaging biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer

Woff, Erwin 14 July 2020 (has links) (PDF)
The aim of this thesis was to develop and validate prognostic and predictive biomarkers in order to better identify among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer those at high-risk of early death or progression. The interest in developing such biomarkers is that their subsequent use in clinical practice would avoid exposing a patient for months to the toxic side effects of ineffective and expensive treatments, and thus to limit the financial impact of these treatments on our healthcare systems.The projects carried out in the framework of this thesis have shown that:The biomarker WB-MATV (metabolically active tumor volume of the whole body) measured before the start of the last line treatment has a high prognostic value, higher than the general clinical parameters commonly used. This biomarker was then validated in first line treatment and was shown to have a high prognostic value, also higher than the general clinical parameters.The biomarker cfDNA (circulating DNA) also representing the tumor load was then investigated to assess its value added to the previously validated WB-MATV. We showed that the presence of high levels of cfDNA before starting the last-line treatment is significantly associated with poor prognosis and that these two biomarkers are prognostically complementary, each providing an added value.The biomarker of early metabolic response to last line treatment has a high negative predictive value (95%). This biomarker was then validated as a predictive biomarker independent of WB-MATV and clinical factors in first-line treatment setting.In conclusion, the results of this thesis strongly support the clinical use of these prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Allowing a more accurate stratification of patients, the use of the combination of these biomarkers should become an essential tool to help oncologists in tailoring therapeutic strategies according to the patients’ individual risk. / Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
6

Regulation of 18F-FDG Accumulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells with Mutated KRAS / 結腸直腸癌におけるKRAS遺伝子変異と18F-FDGの集積機序についての研究

Iwamoto, Masayoshi 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18853号 / 医博第3964号 / 新制||医||1007(附属図書館) / 31804 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 泰広, 教授 武田 俊一, 教授 野田 亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
7

Proposal of a new preoperative prognostic model for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma incorporating 18F-FDG-PET imaging with the ALBI grade / 18F-FDG-PET とALBI gradeを用いた単発肝細胞癌に対する新たな術前予後予測モデルの提唱

Yoh, Tomoaki 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20984号 / 医博第4330号 / 新制||医||1027(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
8

Intra- and inter-observer agreement in the visual interpretation of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in malignant lymphoma: influence of clinical information / 悪性リンパ腫の早期治療効果判定18F-FDG PET/CTの視覚的評価における読影者内・読影者間一致率:臨床情報の影響をふまえて

Arimoto, Maya 23 July 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21294号 / 医博第4383号 / 新制||医||1030(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 今中 雄一, 教授 増永 慎一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
9

Einfluss des Vigilanzniveaus während der [18F]FDG-PET-Untersuchung auf den regionalen zerebralen Glucosestoffwechsel

Günther, Thomas 10 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Einleitung: Die Untersuchung des regionalen zerebralen Glucosestoffwechsels mittels [18F]-2-Fluor-2-desoxy-D-glucose Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie ([18F]FDG-PET) ist ein etabliertes Verfahren der molekularen Bildgebung in der Diagnostik kognitiver und affektiver Störungen. Zwischen verschiedenen Untersuchungen kann es zu intra- und interindividuellen Unterschieden im Vigilanzniveau kommen. Das Ziel dieser ersten Machbarkeitsstudie war die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs von aktuellem Vigilanzniveau und regionalem Glucosestoffwechsel während der [18F]FDG-PET. Methoden: 14 ältere Patientinnen und Patienten mit depressiver Episode oder leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung (MCI, mild cognitive impairment) wurden mit simultaner Elektroenzephalographie und [18F]FDG-PET unter Ruhebedingungen untersucht. Der Zusammenhang von Vigilanzniveau und regionalem Glucosestoffwechsel wurde mittels voxelweiser einfacher linearer Regression analysiert. Ergebnisse: Der Hauptbefund war eine Zunahme des regionalen zerebralen Glucosestoffwechsels mit abnehmendem Vigilanzniveau während der [18F]FDG-PET-Untersuchung in räumlich ausgedehnten frontalen und temporalen Kortizes. Diskussion: Vigilanzbezogene Veränderungen des Glucosestoffwechsels finden sich in vergleichbaren Hirnregionen und Effektstärken wie Veränderungen des Glucosestoffwechsels bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit depressiver Störung oder MCI gegenüber Gesunden. Der Einfluss des Vigilanzniveaus auf den Glucosestoffwechsel während der [18F]FDG-PET-Untersuchung sollte in kontrollierten Studien gesunder Personen validiert werden.
10

Caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité tumorale sur des images issues de la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) / Intra-tumor heterogeneity characterization on positron emission tomography (PET)

Tixier, Florent 30 April 2013 (has links)
Le cancer est chaque année responsable de 7,6 millions de décès dans le monde. L'amélioration des traitements constitue donc un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Il a été démontré que l'association d'un diagnostic précoce et d'un traitement efficace était associée à un impact significatif sur la survie des patients. De nombreux facteurs pronostics de la survie ont été identités et sont actuellement utilisés en routine clinique. Ce diagnostic est souvent réalisé en partieà l'aide de l'imagerie de Tomographie par Emission de Positons (TEP), cette dernière s'étantavérée être un outil très performant pour l'identification des tumeurs et métastases dans uncertain nombre de modèles de cancer. La TEP fait partie des modalités d'imagerie fonctionnelleet a donc le potentiel de fournir des informations liées à la biologie sous-jacente des cancers.Toutefois, du fait de sa faible résolution spatiale, elle n'avait que très peu été utilisée avec cet objectif.Ce travail de thèse a consisté à étudier des paramètres quantitatifs pouvant être extraitsde ces images, plus spécifiquement ceux permettant la caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité intratumorale. Nous avons pu identifier un ensemble de paramètres issus de l'analyse de texture quisont reproductibles, robustes aux effets de volume partiel et à la méthode de segmentation, etvraisemblablement liés à la physiologie tumorale. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidencele potentiel de ces paramètres extraits d'images de diagnostic, pour contribuer à la prédiction dela réponse thérapeutique ainsi que comme facteur pronostic. Ces nouveaux indices quantitatifspourraient à relativement court terme venir compléter les facteurs de référence courammentutilisés aujourd'hui en oncologie pour la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients. / Cancer is responsible every year for the death of 7.6 million people. Treatments improvement is thus of the greatest importance regarding public health. The association of an early diagnosis with an efficient treatment was shown to lead to a significant impact on patients survival rates. Numerous prognostic factors have been identified and are now being used in clinical routine. Nowadays, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is often used for tumor and metastasis identification because of its established accuracy in numerous cancer models. PET belongs to the functional imaging techniques and may potentially therefore provide information relative to cancer biology. Nevertheless, because of its low spatial resolution, this technique has not been extensively considered for such a purpose. This thesis work aimed at studying quantitative parameters that could be extracted from PET images through texture analysis, in order to characterize tumor heterogeneity. We identified a set of reproducible parameters, robust with respect to partial volume effects as well as segmentation methods that are probably related to the tumor physiology. We have also demonstrated the power of these parameters obtained from diagnostic images for contributing in predicting the therapeutic response as prognostic factors. These new quantitative parameters could in the relatively short term be utilized complementarily to standard oncology factors for patient management purposes.

Page generated in 0.1011 seconds