Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in modern business society but still face difficulties in debt financing. Literatures suggest that family involvement and external auditing can assist small firms to mitigate agency problems that impede the access to loans, and the liability of newness could be a factor in small business debt financing. Our research examines how family involvement affects cost of debt upon the different choices on external auditing, and how the liability of newness works. We find when engaging external auditing, family involvement is not a significant influencer in reducing the cost of debt for small businesses. Besides, when the external auditing is not engaged, family involvement becomes a significant influencer. We also find that when external auditing is not engaged, family involvement works in reducing the cost of debt only when the liability of newness is a factor.

This thesis focuses on the development of the Conservative Party's policy in respect of the form of the National Health Service in England between the general elections of 1964 and 1979. By form is meant the basic principles of the Service and the organisational arrangements (structure, management processes and financing) made to give effect to those principles. After an account of the form of the NHS in 1964, the thesis documents the development of Conservative Party policy on those aspects of form to which attention was given between 1964 and 1979. In doing so, it draws extensively on primary material, much of which (especially that relating to the Party's periods in Opposition) has not, as far as the author can discover, been brought together previously in an historical study. By examining this material in its appropriate context, it is hoped that the thesis makes intelligible a passage of history quite tightly circumscribed both in terms of subject and period. Insofar as an overall theme might be said to emerge, it is of a Party committed to the idea of a comprehensive health service, uncomfortable with the consequences of aspects of the form enacted in 1946 but, conscious of the popularity of the NHS, cautious about making radical changes.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 300-317.

Thesis (M.H.S.A.)--University of Michigan, 1980.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1971.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1971.

Thesis (M.H.S.A.)--University of Michigan, 1980.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "December, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 26, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-117).

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2017-02-16T17:15:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-THEMÍSTOCLES MARTINS ALVES RODRIGUES.pdf: 2452016 bytes, checksum: 40e63c533362d063fe683184fdb84dd6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-03-14T19:15:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-THEMÍSTOCLES MARTINS ALVES RODRIGUES.pdf: 2452016 bytes, checksum: 40e63c533362d063fe683184fdb84dd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T19:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-THEMÍSTOCLES MARTINS ALVES RODRIGUES.pdf: 2452016 bytes, checksum: 40e63c533362d063fe683184fdb84dd6 (MD5) / Este trabalho teve por objetivo geral avaliar as implicações da política de financiamento do Governo Federal para ES sobre a manutenção das atividades dos organismos de incubação de EES. A partir deste objetivo, o problema de pesquisa foi estruturado da seguinte forma: quais as implicações da política de financiamento do Governo Federal para ES sobre a manutenção das atividades dos organismos de incubação de EES? Para responder a esta questão, se realizou o aporte de referencial teórico sobre o tema; pesquisa documental com materiais do Governo Federal e de organismos representativos dos movimentos de ES e dos organismos de incubação de EES, seguindo protocolo de pesquisa apresentado no capítulo que trata da metodologia; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de organismos de incubação de EES de diversos Estados do país. Estas técnicas foram escolhidas tendo em vista os tipos exploratório, descritivo e explicativo definidos para esta pesquisa. A partir das informações obtidas se verificou que a política de financiamento de incubadoras de EES não tem apresentado a efetividade necessária a um satisfatório nível de manutenção das atividades das incubadoras de EES do país. Finalmente, as conclusões são de que há a necessidade de revisão, primeiro, do posicionamento do Governo Federal perante o capital dominante, ampliando o primado dos princípios econômicos solidários; e, em segundo lugar, do próprio funcionamento da política em si, principalmente no que diz respeito aos volumes de recursos ofertados para o financiamento das incubadoras. / This work had, as its general aim, to evaluate the implications of the funding policy of Federal government to Solidarity Economy on the maintenance of the activities of incubation bodies of Solidarity Economic Enterprises. From this goal, the research problem was structured as follows: what were the implications of the funding policy of the Federal Government for the maintenance of Solidarity Economy over the activities of Solidarity Economic Enterprises incubation bodies? To answer this question, it was held the theoretical framework on the subject; documentary research on materials from the Federal government and representative bodies from the Solidarity Economy movements and organizations which work with incubation of Solidarity Economic Enteprises, following a strict research protocol presented in the chapter which deals with the methodology; and semi-structured interviews with managers of incubation bodies of Solidarity Economic Enteprises from various States in the country. These techniques have been chosen in view of the types defined for this study (exploratory, descriptive and explanatory). From the information obtained it was found that the Solidarity Economic Enterprises incubators funding policy has not presented the necessary effectiveness to a satisfactory level of maintenance of activities of Solidarity Economic Enterprises incubators in the country. Finally, the conclusions are that there is a need to review, firstly, the position of the Federal Government about the dominant capital, expanding the primacy of economic solidarity principles; and secondly, the very operating policy itself, especially in regards to volumes of resources offered to finance incubators.