The diploma thesis deals with reporting of building in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and after that in accordance with Czech accounting regulations. The part, which is dedicated to IFRS, is focused to the reporting of company buildings according to the standards: IAS 16, IAS 40, IFRS 5 and IAS 36. The content of the next part is dedicated to Czech accounting regulations of company buildings especially to the Czech accounting standard no. 013. There is the comparison of the reporting of company buildings in accordance with IFRS and Czech accounting regulations as well. The last part of the diploma thesis is focused to the analysis of the selected financial statements.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-21T11:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Fagundes.pdf: 1168509 bytes, checksum: b1c013ba779c496d7048e46609201752 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T11:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Fagundes.pdf: 1168509 bytes, checksum: b1c013ba779c496d7048e46609201752 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / With the publication of IFRS 15 and CPC 47 regulations, construction industry will be greatly affected due to the impacts on revenue recognition. Consequently, performance appraisals of this sector, which lacks in-depth studies and greatly affects the country’s economy, may undergo significant changes. Revenue recognition is an essential part of balance sheet analysis and decision-making, once profit is determined from the revenue line in the income statement. Therefore, analyzing the application of CPC 47, a convergence of IFRS 15 and also a milestone in the international accounting evolution as the first regulation created with the membership of both USGAAP and IFRS, is what motivated this research whose aim is to demonstrate the application of IFRS 15 in construction companies and real estate developers, as well as to emphasize the main changes of regulations applied to this sector. In this regard, methodologically, this study is supported by relevant bibliography and regulatory instruments to the subject, that is, qualitative inductive method. The results show that the regulations proposed by IFRS 15 have greater reliability, transparency, and are more appropriate to the IFRS profile. Thus, it is concluded that, due to the magnitude of the proposed change, companies will have a hard work to adapt, demonstrating the lack of improvement in the applicability of the regulation to the other sectors affected / Com a publicação das normas IFRS 15 e CPC 47, a construção civil será bastante afetada devido aos impactos causados no reconhecimento da receita. Consequentemente, as avaliações de desempenho desse setor podem sofrer alterações significativas, setor este carente de estudos mais aprofundados e que afeta grandemente a economia do País. O reconhecimento da receita é parte fundamental para análise de balanço e tomada de decisão, já que, a partir da linha da receita no demonstrativo do resultado, é que se determina o lucro. Dessa forma, analisar a aplicação do CPC 47, uma convergência da IFRS 15 e também um marco para evolução contábil internacional por ser a primeira norma criada com a composição de membros tanto do US GAAP quanto do IFRS é o que motivou esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo demonstrar a aplicação do IFRS 15 nas empresas de construção civil e incorporadoras, bem como evidenciar as principais mudanças de normas aplicada a esse setor. Para isso, metodologicamente, este trabalho está apoiado em bibliografia e instrumentos regulatórios pertinentes ao assunto, ou seja, qualitativa indutiva. Os resultados mostram que as normas propostas pelo IFRS 15 possuem maior confiabilidade, transparência, além de estarem mais adequadas ao perfil das IFRS. Portanto conclui-se que, devido ao tamanho da mudança proposta, as empresas terão um trabalho árduo para adequação, demonstrando a lacuna de melhoramento na aplicabilidade da norma aos demais setores afetados

This study examines the predictive power of restricted stock and stock option compensation on the enforcement of an Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release. Since executives have seen substantial increases in the amount of equity incentive awards, this may incentivize management to commit financial reporting misconduct to boost the value of these awards. The magnitude of the incentive to commit financial reporting misconduct is hypothesized to be more pronounced with stock option compensation when compared with restricted stock compensation. The analysis for the 1992-2012 time period shows that the amount of stock option compensation has a positive relationship with the probability of an AAER enforcement while no such relationship exists for restricted stock. When examining this predictive probability relationship during 1992-2002 and 2003-2012, the evidence is mixed. While the amount of stock option compensation displays a positive relationship with the predicted probability of an AAER enforcement, restricted stock has a positive relationship in 1992-2002 and a negative relationship in 2003-2012.

This study investigated earnings management in European firms. The private investors became victims of manipulated earnings where few laws offered regulatory oversight. The study forensically examined the attributes of earnings management identified using a discretionary accrual model published in Jones' work and Schippers' work. The firms' managers should fulfil agency theory when they made reporting decisions, and they should act in the investors' best interests to fulfil stewardship theory. The managers failed as they seemed to favor insiders when they reported manipulated earnings to outsiders like small investors even though the managers published financial reports conforming to the International Financial Reporting Standards. The investors depended on the decision usefulness of the reports. The study used the data of 432 listed firms in 11 code law nations. The paired t test identified significant differences between reported and economic earnings to find earnings management attributes and between economic and restated earnings to find earnings management cases. The research found that managers seemed to manipulate discretionary accruals to misstate earnings and reduce the decision usefulness of reporting. The data came from published financial reports and databases. The firms represented 11 nations and 9 industries that excluded banking and insurance. Almost 17% of nations and industry segments reflected earnings management attributes. About 29% of firms restated at least one annual earnings, and 84% of the restatements appeared to offset manipulation. The research results should prompt social change for small investors where regulators would redress the manipulation using stronger investor protection laws to improve the reported earnings quality and its decision usefulness.

Federal government managers were advised to strengthen internal controls; the law dictates attestation of effective management controls, and the internal control program is used to detect risks. However, managers lacked preparatory training, with training being overlooked given the increased responsibilities. Managers are assigned the programmatic role regardless of the lack of program standards in knowledge, skill, and ability. The research questions addressed change management components, concepts, and core qualifications relative to program readiness. The purpose of this single case study was to identify and explore change management components contributing to the effectiveness of internal controls. The conceptual framework was based on Lewin's change concepts of unfreezing, moving or changing, and refreezing phases with the inverse principle in field theory. Thirteen professionals from the pacific military unit in Hawaii participated in semistructured interviews. Inductive coding was used to thematically analyze the data. The key results of the emerged themes illustrated how: organization skillset was used for linking change components to internal controls, assessment was a tool used for transforming a manager's concept, and experience was essential in leading change core qualifications. Significance of the study was the promotion of stronger measures in preventing fraud, waste, and mismanagement of limited resources. The research results could inspire social change by increasing communication and collaboration to benefit senior leaders, and financial and program managers. The value-added training concepts and leadership innovation, and how managing change relates to internal control could lead to program success thus benefiting all primary stakeholders.

El presente Trabajo de tesis fue elaborado con la finalidad de determinar el impacto financiero de la medición posterior de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo en el sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo en Perú, 2017. Por consiguiente, la investigación se cimentará en aplicar la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 16 (en adelante, NIC 16) “Propiedad, Planta y Equipo” y la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 36 (en adelante, NIC 36) “Deterioro del valor de los activos”. Esta investigación se basará en las empresas del sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo, categoría denominada “Soft Drinks”. Este mercado está compuesto por bebidas carbonatadas, agua embotellada, néctares, jugos, bebidas energizantes, entre otras. El rubro más importante del total de activos en los EEFF de las compañías del sector es Propiedad, Planta y Equipo (PPE). Representa aproximadamente el 55% del total de activos. Por lo que, se considera tan importante analizar la medición posterior de PPE para que se tenga la mejor representación fiel de sus Estados Financieros. En el marco teórico se analizan los conceptos de ambas NICs y se desarrolla cómo está compuesto el sector en estudio y sus tendencias a futuro. Luego, en el plan de investigación se define el problema, hipótesis y objetivos. Después, se desarrolla la metodología donde se utilizarán instrumentos cualitativos, tales como entrevistas a profundidad e instrumentos cuantitativos, tales como encuestas. Ambos instrumentos se realizaron a expertos en el sector de bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo y a socios de las más importantes empresas auditoras del país (PWC Perú y EY Perú). Asimismo, se desarrolla un caso práctico donde se cuantificará aplicar un nuevo modelo de medición posterior, el deterioro de activos y el impacto en los ratios financieros. Finalmente, en el capítulo de desarrollo se muestran los resultados de los instrumentos y en el capítulo de análisis se evalúan los efectos obtenidos con las hipótesis planteadas. Se concluye que la medición posterior de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo impacta en la situación financiera y económica de las empresas del sector bebidas no alcohólicas de consumo masivo en el Perú, 2017. / The present Thesis work was developed with the purpose of determine the financial impact of the subsequent measurement of property, plant and equipment in the non-alcoholic beverage sector of mass consumption in Peru, 2017. Therefore, the research will be based on the International Accounting Standard 16 (hereinafter, IAS 16) "Property, Plant and Equipment" and the International Accounting Standard 36 (hereinafter, IAS 36) "Impairment of assets”. This research is based on companies in the non-alcoholic beverage of mass consumption industry, category called “Soft Drinks”. This market is composed by carbonated drinks, bottled water, nectars, juices, energy drinks and others. The most important item of total assets in this sector is "Property, Plant and Equipment". It represents approximately 55% of total assets. Therefore, it is considered so important to analyze the subsequent measurement of PPE to have the best faithful representation of the Financial Statements. In the theoretical framework, the concepts of both NICs are analyzed and the composition of sector under study and its future trends. Then, in the research plan, the problem, hypothesis and objectives are defined. After that, the methodology is developed where qualitative instruments will be used, like depth interviews and quantitative instruments, such as surveys. Both instruments were made to experts in the non-alcoholic beverages sector and to partners of the most important audit companies of this country (PWC Peru and EY Peru). In addition, a case study will be developed to quantify the application of a new model of subsequent measurement, the impairment of assets and the impact on financial ratios. Finally, in the development chapter, the results of the instruments are shown and in the chapter of analysis the effects obtained with the hypotheses proposed are evaluated. It is concluded that the subsequent measurement of Property, Plant and Equipment impacts on the financial and economic situation of companies in the sector of non- alcoholics mass consumption in Peru, 2017. / Tesis

我國為改善公司治理制度，於2005年12月20日立法院三讀通過大幅修正證券交易法，引進審計委員會制度。審計委員會較獨立董事更專注於財務面之監督，故本研究之研究期間為1998年至2010年，以設置審計委員會之企業為樣本，進行配對，以探討審計委員會與企業財務報表品質之關聯性。 研究結果顯示，假說一：設置審計委員會或準審計委員會之企業財務報表品質優於未設置者；及假說二：設置審計委員會或準審計委員會後之企業財務報表品質優於設置前，二者皆不成立。 設置審計委員會目前已是公司治理發展的趨勢，我國既已立法引進審計委員會制度，主管機關應評估企業設置審計委員會後實際之運作情形，是否達到預期之效果，並做必要之修改或配套措施，以使審計委員會之設置不流於形式。 / In Taiwan, for the purpose of improving the corporate governance and introducing regulation of the audit committee, the Securities and Exchange Act was revised and passed by the Legislative Yuan for the Third Reading on 20 December, 2005. This study takes companies had established the audit committee between 1998 and 2010 as a sample so as to discuss the relation between the audit committee and the quality of financial reporting. The result of our research revealed that, the first hypothesis: “the quality of the financial reporting of the company with the audit committee is superior” and the second hypothesis: ” the quality of the financial reporting of the company after establishing the audit committee is superior” were both not sustained. Establishing the audit committee has become the trend in the development of corporate governance. Besides the regulations enacted, it’s of greater importance to evaluate the substantive effectiveness than the surficial form of the audit committee in companies.

Éste trabajo responde a la necesidad de profundizar en la débil evidencia empírica sobre el efecto que tiene para las entidades financieras que la función de Auditoría Interna tenga una mayor implicación en el proceso contable y reporte financiero, y aporta, en línea con lo que sugieren estudios previos, una explicación a por qué las entidades deben invertir recursos en la función de Auditoría Interna, y específicamente, en la revisión de la fiabilidad de la información financiera, ya que va a repercutir favorablemente sobre la misma.Se llevan a cabo dos estudios empíricos, por un lado se ha utilizado el método del caso, y por otro lado una investigación empírica, a través de cuestionarios, y análisis de resultados con análisis estadísticos univariante y multivariante. Los resultados indican que una mayor implicación de Auditoría Interna en la revisión y fiabilidad de la información financiera mejora la calidad de la misma. / Since the appearance in recent years of the regulations on Corporate Governance, numerous national and international bodies have stressed the fundamental role of internal audit (IA) in the financial reporting process, along with the fact that its increased implication leads to higher quality financial reporting. The main aim of this study was to gather empirical evidence about the practical existence of IA implication and what effects it has for entities. Questionnaires were sent to IA directors of Spanish banks and the main conclusion drawn is that greater involvement of IA in the review of financial reporting and its reliability leads to improved quality of the same.

RWTH, Diss.--Zugl.: Aachen, 2007.

Zugl.: Bochum, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.