Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have revolutionized numerous fields ranging from aerial photography to surveillance and logistics. Achieving stable flight is essential for their successful operation, ensuring accurate data acquisition, reliable manoeuvring, and safe operation. This thesis explores the feasibility of employing a frontal mono camera and sensor fusion techniques to enhance drone stability during flight. The objective of this research is to investigate whether a frontal mono camera, combined with sensor fusion algorithms, can be used to effectively stabilize a drone in various flight scenarios. By leveraging machine vision techniques and integrating data from onboard gyroscopes, the proposed approach aims to provide real-time feedback for controlling the drone. The methodology for this study involves the Crazyflie 2.1 drone platform equipped with a frontal camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The drone’s flight data, including position, orientation, and velocity, is continuously monitored and analyzed using Kalman Filter (KF). This algorithm processes the data from the camera and the IMU to estimate the drone’s state accurately. Based on these estimates, corrective commands are generated and sent to the drone’s control system to maintain stability. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, a series of flight tests are conducted under different environmental conditions and flight manoeuvres. Performance metrics such as drift, level of oscillations, and overall flight stability are analyzed and compared against baseline experiments with conventional stabilization methods. Additional simulated tests are carried out to study the effect of the communication delay. The expected outcomes of this research will contribute to the advancement of drone stability systems. If successful, the implementation of a frontal camera and sensor fusion can provide a cost-effective and lightweight solution for stabilizing drones.

Frontal sinus variation has been used in forensic anthropology to aid in positive identification since the 1920s. As radiographic technology has evolved, so has the quality and quantity of data that radiologists and anthropologists can collect during an individual’s lifetime. This has led to new methodology when comparing antemortem and postmortem radiographic images. The current study aims to look at frontal sinus morphology and dimensional variations on computed tomography (CT) scans, as these are currently the most commonly collected images showing the frontal sinus in its entirety used in clinics in the United States. This study assessed 307 individuals for the morphological analysis and 325 individuals in the dimensional analysis. These individuals represented females and males from Asian, African, European, and Latin American derived groups. It is hypothesized that frontal sinus shape variations will cluster based on assigned sex and population affinities. Similarly, it is hypothesized that dimensional variation, specifically the maximum height, maximum width, and maximum depth, will show statistically significant clustering based on assigned sex and population affinities. The frontal sinus outlines from the CT images were transferred into SHAPE v1.3 in order to run an elliptical Fourier analysis. The dimensional data was measured directly from the images using a MicroDicom viewer. All of the statistical analyses, including Pearson’s Chi-squared and ANOVA tests, were run in R studio. Results indicated that morphologically there is no statistically significant clustering based on assigned sex or population affinity. However, there was statistically significant clustering dimensionally when tested against both assigned sex and population affinity using an ANOVA, indicating that the interactive effects of sexual dimorphism and population affinity influence the dimensions but not the shape of the frontal sinus. These results add to the foundational knowledge that practitioners have surrounding frontal sinus indicating that assigned sex and population affinity have impact on the approximate dimensions of this structure while these variables do not have a statistically significant effect on morphological variation. The results also speak to the idiosyncratic nature of the frontal sinus and bolster confidence using morphological variations as a mean to individuate.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Dissertation thesis March 2014 Ondřej Fanta ABSTRACT Title: Detection of head biomechanical response during extreme loading Objectives: The aim of the work was to monitor the current state of knowledge on the issue of closed head injuries, in contact and contactless respectively impacts, to establish appropriate biomechanical indicators for the detection and analysis of internal mechanical response under external mechanical load and to assess the specific circumstances that may affect the resulting injury criteria especially with regard to the actual reaction of the organism before impact. Methods: To the processing research were included and cited in particular impacted world-class publications and bibliography in the number of more than 80sources. The measurements and analysis of contact impacts were taken on the constructed impactor and the analysis of the contactless collisions were taken on the impacts simulator. The monitored biomechanical values were in particularly kinematic data describing the movement of the head towards the neck, values of acceleration of the head, head injury criteria and activity of selected muscles of the neck. Results: It consists diagram of the process of head injury and analysis of two main branches -...

Osteoid osteomas are common, painful, osteoblast tumors that frequently present in adolescents and young adults. Surgical management is indicated for cases with associated symptoms, such as headaches, dizziness, diplopia, proptosis, sinusitis, and facial deformity. The authors report a case of a 15-year-old male with an enlarging frontal sinus osteoma. Virtual surgical planning was utilized to design a KLS Martin Resorbable plate for the graft site, as well as a cutting guide for the graft procedure. A split-calvarial bone graft was used to reconstruct the central bony defect in the anterior table of the frontal sinus. Virtual surgical planning sessions were initiated with KLS Martin biomedical engineers to design a graft. Design cutting guides were created for frontal craniotomy, and an interlocking cutting guide was created for the split calvarial bone graft. The graft was harvested from the non-dominant right parietal hemisphere to best match the curvature of the frontal bone. Post-operatively, the patient has not had any complications to date. This procedure proves to be a valuable consideration for the surgical treatment of pediatric osteomas.

Till följ av de stora skadorna som riskeras vid frontalkollision mellan personbil och lastbil, utför Scania CV AB kraschtester för att bättre kunna utveckla komponenter med syfte att skydda passagerarna i personbilen. Den typ av test som denna studie bygger på utvärderar den s.k. FUP:en (engelska Front Underrun Protection). I dagsläget görs ett fullskaligt test, där en personbil avfyras in i en lastbil. Syftet med studien är att undersöka möjligheten att utveckla en förenklad test metod där endast de väsentliga komponenterna från lastbilen inkluderas, och en representativ struktur ersätter personbilen. Om möjligt kommer detta minska kostnaderna samt möjliggöra för större repeterbarhet. Tester och utvärderingar görs med hjälp av simulationer i LS-Dyna, ANSA & META, och designkoncept visualiseras i CAD-programmet CATIA V5. Resultat visar att det finns goda förutsättningar för att ersätta personbilen med en barriär av honeycomb struktur samt att lastbilen kan ersättas med en vagn där de väsentliga komponenterna fäst. Diskussioner kring simuleringarna och designen lyfter fram faktorer som visar på goda utvecklingsmöjligheter, men med betoning på det fortsatta arbetet som krävs. / Scania CV AB are developing components to prevent fatal damages during frontal collisions with passenger cars. Therefore, they need to test their assemblies and specifically FUP (Frontal Underrun Protection). Currently, a full-scale test is done in which a passenger car is launched into a truck. The purpose of this study is to examine and develop the possibility of having a simplified test procedure in which only the relevant components of the truck are included, and a representative structure replaces the car. If possible, this would reduce costs and allow for greater repeatability. Analysis and evaluations are done via finite element models using ANSA, LS-Dyna and META. The conceptual design is visualized using CATIA V5. Results show good indication that the passenger car can be replaced by a trolley with deformable barriers mounted on it and the truck can be replaced by a simplified structure with main FUP components mounted onto it. Discussions about the numerical models results and the conceptual design highlight factors that show promising possibilities, but with emphasis on the continued work that is required.

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are two key regions of the frontal executive control network. Ascending cholinergic pathways differentially innervate these two functionally distinct cortices to modulate arousal and motivational signaling for higher-order functions. The action of acetylcholine (ACh) in sensory cortices is constrained by layer, anatomical cell type, and subcellular localization of distinct receptors, but little is known about the nature and organization of frontal-cholinergic circuitry in primates. In this dissertation, we characterized the anatomical localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), m1 and m2–the predominant subtypes in the cortex–and their expression profiles on distinct cell types and pathways in ACC and LPFC of the rhesus monkey, using immunohistochemistry, anatomical tract-tracing, whole cell patch-clamp recordings, and single nucleus RNA sequencing. In the first series of studies (Chapter 2), we used immunohistochemistry and high-resolution confocal microscopy to reveal regional differences in m1 and m2 receptor localization on excitatory pyramidal and inhibitory neuron subpopulations and subcellular compartments in ACC (A24) versus LPFC (A46) of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; aged 7-11 yrs; 4 males and 2 females). The ACC exhibited a greater proportion of m2+ inhibitory neurons and a greater density of presynaptic m2+ receptors localized on inhibitory (VGAT+) terminations on pyramidal neurons compared to the LPFC. This result suggests a greater cholinergic suppression of GABAergic neurotransmission in ACC. In a second set of experiments (Chapter 3), we examined the heterogeneity of m1 and m2 laminar expression in functionally distinct ACC areas A24, A25, and A32. These differ in their connections with higher order cortical areas and limbic structures, such as the amygdala (AMY). The density of m1+ and/or m2 expressing (m1+/m2+) pyramidal neurons was significantly greater in A24 compared to A25 and to A32, while A25 exhibited a significantly greater density of m2+VGAT+ terminals. In addition, we examined the substrates for cholinergic modulation of long-range cortico-limbic processing using bidirectional neural tracers to label one specific subtype, the AMY-targeting projection neurons in these ACC areas. Compared to A24 and A32, the limbic ventral A25 had a greater density of m1+/m2+ AMY-targeting pyramidal neurons across upper layers 2-3 and deep layers 5-6, suggesting stronger cholinergic modulation of amygdalar outputs. Lastly (Chapter 4), we assessed the functional effects of cholinergic modulation on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity as well as the molecular signatures related to m1 and m2 receptor expression. In experiments using in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of layer 3 pyramidal neurons in ACC and LPFC, we found that application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) significantly decreased the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) to a greater extent in ACC A24 than in LPFC A46. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing, we found that enriched m1 and m2 transcriptional profiles in distinct cell-types and frontal areas (ACC A24 and LPFC A46) had differentially expressed genes associated with down-stream signaling cascades related to synaptic signaling and plasticity. Together, these data reveal the anatomical, functional, and transcriptomic neural substrates of diverse cholinergic modulation of local excitatory and inhibitory circuits and long-range cortico-limbic pathways in functionally-distinct ACC and LPFC frontal areas that are important for cognitive-emotional integration.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Extensive research has been conducted on the relationship between brain activity and personality traits, and several theories propose a lateralization of specific personality qualities. A prominent model suggests frontal lateralization of motivational direction, specifically, the behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS), with greater right frontal activity linked to behavioral inhibition and greater left frontal activity linked to behavioral activation. Recent studies have presented contrasting findings in the absence of this correlation. With the present study I aimed to investigate the link between frontal lateralization and the BIS/BAS. I further examined the test-retest reliability of resting-state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), and of the BIS/BAS scale. Resting-state frontal EEG asymmetry and participants’ responses to the BIS/BAS scale were collected from University of Skövde students on multiple occasions. FAA were obtained from electrode sites F4-F3, F6-F5, and F8-F7 over three sessions, two weeks apart, along with BIS/BAS scores from the first and third sessions. Within-subject FAA showed variability over time, suggesting FAA to be a less reliable measure of personality traits. Only two out of the four BIS/BAS subscales demonstrated consistent scores, raising doubts about the reliability of using it to assess personality traits. BAS Drive correlated negatively with FAA, contrary to the expected direction, but no other significant correlation was observed between resting-state FAA and BIS/BAS. Verifying FAA as an indicator of BIS and BAS is important for drawing meaningful associations between them. Future research should consider employing a repeated measures design and a larger sample size to enhance the understanding of this relationship.

No description available.

No description available.