The aim of this Diploma Thesis was the design of multipurpose town house located on Křížová Street, Brno with the significant housing part, but also with areas for administration offices and commercial use. The project focuses on new attempt and concept of inner part of the block, as well as on connection into the existing historical urban structure. A new multi-storey monolithic house with seven floors and glass façade was designed. Commercial area is located in the parterre of the house, second floor is used for offices and the roof (7th floor) gives attractive place for a café. The rest of the house (3rd to 6th floor) has a dwelling purpose. Diploma Thesis copes with the function of yard and underground parking place, as well.

Die flexible Anpassungsfähigkeit an Umgebungsbedingungen und äußere Einwirkungen ist der Schlüssel zur weiteren energetischen Optimierung der Gebäudehülle. Bisherige Glasfassaden mit statischem Eigenschaftsprofil können auf tages- und jahreszeitliche Änderungen von solarer Einstrahlung oder Temperaturverläufen nur unzureichend reagieren. Dynamische Verglasungen gewinnen daher im Fassadenbau immer stärker an Bedeutung. Neben bereits etablierten Systemen wie elektrochromen Gläsern werden in aktuellen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben diverse Konzepte für adaptive, multifunktionale Gebäudehüllen untersucht. Einen innovativen Ansatz bildet der Einsatz von Flüssigkeiten im Scheibenzwischenraum von Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasungen. Diese können thermisch reguliert, mit speziellen Partikeln versetzt oder sogar zur Algenkultivierung verwendet werden und ebnen so den Weg für den Bau von Niedrigstenergiegebäuden. Neben Problemstellungen zur Bauphysik und Gebäudeautomation ergibt sich insbesondere bei der Verbindungstechnik für die einzelnen Glasscheiben aufgrund der direkten Flüssigkeitsexposition ein erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. In ersten, bereits realisierten Pilotprojekten wird der aus der Flüssigkeit resultierende hohe hydrostatische Druck, der auf die Verglasung und damit auch auf den Randverbund wirkt, durch aufgesetzte Klemmleisten abgetragen. Die mechanische Klemmung stellt sicher, dass die Randabdichtung in der Lage ist, ihre Funktion dauerhaft zu erfüllen. Diese aufgesetzte Haltekonstruktion durchbricht jedoch die ebenen Oberflächen, die den Reiz schlanker Glasfassaden ausmachen. Der hohe gestalterische Anspruch, der bei großen Bauprojekten von Architekten und Bauherren nachgefragt wird, kann nur mit einem strukturell geklebten Randverbundsystem erfüllt werden, das für den Einsatz im flüssigen Medium geeignet ist. Bisher sind keine geeigneten Klebverbindungen bekannt, die eine dauerhafte Dichtigkeit und ständigen Abtrag hoher mechanischer Lasten gleichzeitig gewährleisten können. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist, dass aus der eindiffundierenden Feuchtigkeit ein wesentlicher Schädigungsmechanismus für die geklebte Verbindung resultiert. Die Klebstoffsteifigkeit nimmt dadurch in der Regel ab; auch ein Haftverlust kann die Folge sein. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt sich der beschriebenen Herausforderung einer strukturellen Klebverbindung unter Einfluss einer dauerhaften Flüssigkeitsexposition. Durch ein zweistufig geklebtes Randverbundsystem sollen die wesentlichen Funktionen Dichten und Lastabtragen spezifisch auf separat wirksame Klebstoffe aufgeteilt werden und dadurch ein wesentlicher Vorteil gegenüber bisherigen Klebverbindungen geschaffen werden. Ausgehend von diesem Lösungsansatz werden für die Klebstoffauswahl und Materialcharakterisierung ein umfangreiches, maßgeschneidertes Versuchsprogramm sowie Bewertungskonzept entwickelt. Standardisierte Substanz- und Verbundprüfungen umfassen Zug- und Haft-Zugversuche sowie Versuche zur Materialverträglichkeit. In Anbetracht der speziellen Anforderungen der geplanten Anwendung lassen bis dato existierende Bewertungsgrundlagen und Nachweisverfahren jedoch keine hinreichend zuverlässige Aussage zu. Deshalb werden in dieser Arbeit speziell auf diese Anwendung abgestimmte Versuchsverfahren entwickelt, mit denen die Klebstoffdichtigkeit und Flüssigkeitsaufnahme sowie das Verhalten unter Dauerbeanspruchung analysiert werden. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Ergebnissen werden zwei geeignete Klebstoffsysteme ausgewählt, jeweils eines für die dichtende und eines für die lastabtragende Klebstufe. Weitere experimentelle Versuche fokussieren sich auf die Überprüfung der Funktionalität des neuartigen Randverbundsystems unter Realbedingungen. Mit diesem Ziel wird ein Bauteilprüfstand entwickelt, der die realitätsnahe Prüfung des komplexen Beanspruchungszustands im Randverbundsystem erlaubt. Die Versuche im Bauteilmaßstab 1:2 liefern die notwendige Datengrundlage zur Validierung eines numerischen Berechnungsmodells. Mithilfe des Modells werden der Glasaufbau und das neuartige Randverbundsystem dimensioniert und nachgewiesen. Die gewählte Abstraktionstiefe des Modells ermöglicht dabei sowohl eine wissenschaftlich präzise Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens als auch eine praxistaugliche Bemessung. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Kombination der ausgewählten Klebstoffe eine ausreichende Dichtigkeit und Tragfähigkeit aufweist. Experimentell ermittelte, zeitabhängige Verformungen erlauben eine positive Prognose der zu erwartenden Standzeit. In den Bauteilversuchen bleibt der entwickelte Randverbund selbst im teilzerstörten Zustand der Verglasungen und daraus resultierenden, sehr großen Verformungen intakt. Die Klebfuge wird auch unter gemeinhin kritischen Dauerlasten auf hohem Lastniveau rechnerisch nachgewiesen werden, wenngleich dann die Elementabmessungen gegenüber der ursprünglich angestrebten Elementgröße reduziert werden müssen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass die Umsetzung eines zweistufig geklebten Randverbundsystems für den Einsatz in flüssigkeitsgefüllten Isolierverglasungen möglich ist. Die entwickelten Prüfverfahren mit definierten Beurteilungsmethoden sowie das ausgearbeitete Versuchsprogramm können für ähnlich gelagerte Fragestellungen herangezogen werden.:1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen 3 Beispielkonstruktion und Beanspruchungsanalyse 4 Klebstoffauswahl und Charakterisierung 5 Anwendungsspezifische Klebstoffuntersuchungen 6 Untersuchungen im Bauteilmaßstab 7 Berechnung und Dimensionierung 8 Handlungsempfehlungenn 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 10 Literatur / Flexible adaptability to environmental conditions and external influences is a key to further energy optimisation of the building envelope. Current glass façades with a fixed characteristics cannot respond adequately to changes in solar radiation or temperature during the day and over the seasons. Dynamic glazing is therefore becoming increasingly important in façade construction. In addition to established solutions such as electrochromic glazing, research and development activities are currently investigating various concepts for adaptive, multifunctional building envelopes. One innovative approach is the use of fluids in the cavity between the panes of insulating glass units. The fluid can be thermally regulated, mixed with functional particles or even used to cultivate algae. This paves the way for the design of ultra-low energy buildings. In parallel with the building physics and automation issues, there is a particular need for research into the connection techniques for the individual panes due to the direct contact with a fluid. In the first completed pilot projects, the high hydrostatic pressure acting on the glazing and therefore also on the edge seal, is dissipated by means of attached clamping bars. These external mechanical clamps ensure that the edge seal is able to fulfil its function permanently. However, external mechanical clamps disrupt the smooth surfaces that define the visual appearance of slim glass façades. This high design requirement, often demanded by architects and clients on high value projects, can only be met by a structurally bonded edge seal system designed for use in a fluid medium. To date, there are no suitable adhesive bonds that can provide both a permanent seal and the ability to withstand high mechanical loads. One of the main reasons for this is the diffusion of moisture, which causes significant damage to the bond. Moisture generally reduces the stiffness of the adhesive and can also cause a loss of adhesion. The present work addresses the challenge of a structural adhesive connection that is permanently exposed to a fluid. By using a two-stage bonded edge seal system, the main functions of sealing and structural load transfer are specifically allocated to the separate adhesives. This results in a significant improvement over conventional bonded joints. Based on this approach, a comprehensive test programme and evaluation scheme is developed to select and characterise the adhesives. Standardised material and adhesive bonding tests include tensile, adhesion and material compatibility tests. Given the specific requirements of the proposed application, conventional evaluation principles and design methods do not provide sufficient assurance. Therefore, this thesis deals with the development of customised test procedures to analyse the adhesive permeability and fluid absorption as well as the structural behaviour under permanent load. Based on the results obtained, two suitable adhesives are selected, one for sealing and one for structural load transfer. Further experimental investigations are focusing on testing the functionality of the novel bonded edge seal system under realistic operating conditions. This includes the development of a component test rig that allows the structural behaviour to be realistically investigated under complex loading conditions. Tests on a 1:2 component scale provide a comprehensive data base for the validation of a numerical model. Numerical simulations are used to dimension and verify the glass composition and the adhesive joint. The high level of detail in the numerical modelling allows a scientifically accurate assessment of the load-bearing behaviour as well as a practical design. The results show that the combination of the selected adhesives provides permanent seal and excellent load carrying capacity. The experimentally determined time-dependent deformations allow for a positive prediction of the service life. Even when the glazing is partially destroyed and the resulting deformations are very large, the developed edge seal remains fully intact during the component tests. The adhesive joint is verified by calculations under generally critical permanent loads at a high stress level, even though the unit dimensions have to be reduced from the original target size. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising a two-stage bonded edge seal system in fluid-filled insulating glass units. The customised test methods consisting of specified assessment procedures and an elaborated test programme can be applied to address and overcome forthcoming challenges.:1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen 3 Beispielkonstruktion und Beanspruchungsanalyse 4 Klebstoffauswahl und Charakterisierung 5 Anwendungsspezifische Klebstoffuntersuchungen 6 Untersuchungen im Bauteilmaßstab 7 Berechnung und Dimensionierung 8 Handlungsempfehlungenn 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 10 Literatur

Contribution of daylight to employees in terms of health, productivity, and overall wellness in the office spaces are undeniable. Apart from the psychological and biological benefits of employees, embracing daylight in office spaces increases the energy-efficiency of the building which leads to the sustainable development of a city. However, a considerable number of employees in Sweden lack daylight in their workspaces according to a report by the Swedish Work Environment Authority [Arbetsmiljöverket (Swedish)] (Lowden, 2019). Professionals like Architects, Lighting Designers, and students of architecture and lighting design across Sweden were asked their opinions pertaining to lack of daylight in a considerable number of office spaces in Sweden based on their experience through online questionnaires/ interviews to get to know the overview of this subject. Out of all the possible reasons, window design and economy were the two macro factors according to them that influenced daylight in an office building in Sweden but often, obstruction angle in a building due to urban densification is overlooked when it comes to daylight in an office building. This thesis discusses the influence of obstruction angles with an illustrated office building in Stockholm. Diva for Rhino was the software used for the modelling and daylight simulation.

Diploma thesis is about design and making of execution project for office city building which is located in Nový Bydžov. The building is located in the late brownfield area of Dufek´s wood manufacture, which is on the south part of Nový Bydžov. The building has four above ground floors and one below ground floor. The building shape is rectangular of dimensions 53,02 x 17,62 m. On the south, west and east is the façade from height of second floor slightly cantilevered. On the east part the edge of cantilevered façade duplicate slopping edge of the bottom land and it creates wonderful but economical shape. The height of the building from the ground is 14,5 m. The shape of roof is flat, covered with the mPVC foil and gravel mound. Façade which covering the first ground floor is made of polystyrene with thin layer of plaster which creates building plinth. Top cantilevered façade is made of ceramic tiles of dimensions 1200 x 600 mm which are suspended behind the air layer. The ceramic tiles are light brown color. In the bottom part are glazed areas of rectangular and square shapes to create the open feeling in the ground floor. In the rear part is designed coffee bar with nice outside wooden terrace. Windows in the top cantilevered part of the façade are the circular shape and extend the architectural impression of the building. All windows are in the same color of dark blue. The steel parts of the building are also dark blue color. In the bellow ground floor are designed underground parking lot with the maximum capacity 29 cars and technical equipment. In the first floor above ground are designed reception, big lecture hall, exhibition hall, coffee bar with terrace and toilets. In the second floor above the ground are offices, computer room and HVAC equipment. In the third above floor are offices, conference hall, and IT equipment. In the fourth floor above the ground are also offices, maintenance room and storage of furniture.

The assignment of this diploma thesis is design proposal of a new roman catholic church and parsonage with parish centre inside stabilised existing development of slab block housing estate in Nová Líšeň, Brno. The need for church has emerged shortly after completion of the housing development and intensified alongside the growth of believer community created around Salesian centre that has been active in the area since 90’s and focuses on upbringing of youngsters through Don Bosco’s educating methods. Masses have been held so far in the gym of the Salesian centre with about 250 Sunday visitors. The church ought to be designed near the centre and dedicated to Holy spirit so that it serves both community and wider range of believers at the housing estate. The thesis deals with church, parsonage with parish centre and housing development relationship. It’s attempting to answer the question how the church connects to the housing estate and communicates its mission to its surroundings. The design proposal is based on urban context analysis, analysis of Salesian congregation and conditions of the building plot. The composition consists of two functional parts that are connected. First part consists of the church building design with 300 seated and 100 standing visitors capacity per mass and technical support areas. Second functional part is made of the parish centre with community hall for 100 people, educational room, parish offices and accommodation for members of congregation. The design content is supplemented with design of semi-public space, solution to traffic service and parking and design of parish orchard.

The aim of this master´s thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for kindergarten with almost zero energy consumption. The project consists of three main parts. The first part is devoted to the civil engineering design of the building. The building is designed regarding to architectural expression, quality of made and type of use. The kindergarten is designed with capacity of 48 children split into two departments. The second part is devoted to the design of HVAC systems. The building uses mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, heating is provided by two gas boilers and the need of electricity is provided by a photovoltaic system. Captured rainwater is used effectively. The third part values the building regarding the method of multi–criteria analysis. For this evaluation uses national method SBToolCZ.

The subject of this master thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a car showroom & service. This building is located in Brno, cadastral area of city Brno: Královo Pole. It is a detached building without a basement built on a trapezoid shaped area with a flat terrain. Object is divided into two functional parts: the car showroom and the car service. These two parts are constructionally and operationally connected. The car showroom is designed as a two-storey object, which serves as car exhibition, technical and hygienic facilities and mainly the administrative parts of both objects. The car service is designed as a single-storey object without a basement, which serves as a workspace of the car service and a warehouse. The load-bearing structural system of the car showroom is made of reinforced concrete pillars with ceramic masonry. The load-bearing structural system of the car service is made of reinforced concrete pillars with light sandwich panels. The foundation slab consists of prefabricated stepped foundation pad, prefabricated reinforced concrete grade beam and concrete strip footing. Insulation system of the building is made of insulation boards from basalt wool cladding by ventilated facades with perforated steel panels. Insolation in the car showroom is secured by glass curtain wall in combination with plastic windows and doors. Ceiling structures are designed as prestressed ceiling panels Spiroll. Roofing structure of both objects is supported by prestressed reinforced concrete roof girder in combination with trapezoidal sheet and insulation boards from basalt wool and PIR boards. The roof of the objects is flat with ordinary layer order with waterproof layer from softened PVC.

I rapporten har vi skrivit om naturstenens roll och förutsättningar som fasadmaterial inom byggproduktion. Målet med undersökningen var att belysa nya tekniker som finns på marknaden. Metoder som har använts för att undersöka infästningstekniker är genom intervjuer och studiebesök.   Den stora frågan var att ta reda på hur dem nya teknikerna kan påverka vår arbetsmiljö, miljö samt estetik. En annan fråga var hur den nya tekniken kan uppfylla de nya kraven?   Natursten är ett naturligt material som är inhomogen och därför förekommer det färgskiftningar och variationer i stenskivorna. En beställare ska därför vara väldigt specifik när stenen utses.   Det finns en stor risk med att förankra stenskivor utan mekanisk förankring. Utan förankringen kan stenen lossna från fasaden. Idag bygger vi vanligen med tekniken ventilerad luftspalt, mellanrum mellan stenskivor och stomme. På det sättet kan alla stenskivor röra sig utan spänningar samtidigt som luftspalten ventilerar och dränerar ut fukten bakom stenskivorna. Genom att välja lämpliga stendimensioner och ankare i standardutförande kan kostnaderna minskas. Denna rapport tar upp ny teknik. FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel, är ett undercut ankare. Detta är en valmöjlighet om en beställare vill erhålla skivor som är 20 mm i tjocklek.   Björn Shouenborg har designat ett program som gör det möjligt att dimensionera sten på fasader. Programmmet visar om dimensioneringen är ok med hänsyn till säkerhetskraven.   Med tanke på de stora miljökraven som ställs är det både lönande att undersöka möjligheter och ny teknik. Stommen byggs med mer isolering vilket kräver en längre expanderbult eller ankare mellan stenen och stommen.   I denna rapport framkommer det att en arkitekt och stenentreprenör är positiva till ACT-systemet.  Den här rapporten har belyst att den nya tekniken har en positiv påverkan på arbetsmiljön, miljön, estetik och tid. / The report talks about the capacity and conditions as a façade material within building construction. The goal with the research was to shed light on the new technique available today.  The methods used to examine the mechanical anchoring techniques were through interview and fieldstudies. The main question was to find out how those new technologies can affect our health and safety, environment and aesthetics. Another question is how the new technology can meet the new requirements?   Natural stone is a natural material that is inhomogeneous and therefore there are color variations and variations in stone tiles. A client should therefore be very specific when the stone is appointed. There is a great risk to anchor stone tiles without mechanical anchoring, without it the stone can detach from the façade. The technology most commonly used in anchoring stone is using a ventilated air gap, a space between the stone tiles and facade. In this way, all stone tiles move without tension and furthermore the air gap ventilates and drains the moisture behind the stone tiles. It is possible to cut costs by choosing the appropriate stone dimensions and tiles in the standard execution. New technology opens up new possibilities. An alternative is FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel which is an undercut anchor. This could be used as an option if a client wishes to have 20 mm thick tiles. Bjorn Shouenborg, researcher, has designed a program that makes it possible to dimension stone facades.The software that shows if the design is ok with regard to safety requirements.   Given the large environmental requirements imposed today, it is conceivable both be worthwhile to explore the possibilities and new technologies. The façade is built with more insulation which requires a longer expansion of anchors.   In this report, it appears that an architect and stone contractor is positive for the ACT system. This report has highlighted that the new technology has a positive impact on the work environment, the environment, aesthetics and time.

En France, le secteur du bâtiment est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie et représente environ 43% de la consommation totale d'énergie. L'isolation thermique dans le bâtiment est nécessaire afin d'améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Dans certains pays dont la France, la rénovation des bâtiments occupe une place essentielle dans la stratégie de transition énergétique. La stratégie mise en place consiste donc à renforcer l'isolation thermique des enveloppes de bâtiment et ceci en perdant le moins de surface habitable possible. Ceci justifie le fait de développer et de mettre en œuvre à l'avenir des matériaux super isolants comme les aérogels. Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner le comportement thermique des bâtiments et d'étudier l'amélioration possible de leur efficacité énergétique en utilisant un nouvel enduit isolant à base d'aérogels de silice et ainsi que l'énergie solaire. Tout d'abord, la performance thermique et hygrothermique des murs extérieurs est étudiée afin de trouver la meilleure structure de ces murs. Deuxièmement, nous étudions l'évolution du confort thermique et du comportement énergétique des maisons en adoptant le nouvel enduit isolant comme isolation extérieure. Cette évolution a aussi été représentée par un modèle mathématique. On a comparé les résultats obtenus à l'aide de ces modèles avec les mesures expérimentales faites sur une maison récemment construite. Enfin, le potentiel de réduction de la charge de chauffage en adoptant un système actif dans la paroi est analysé. Ce système est proposé pour capter une partie de l'énergie solaire qui tombe sur la façade sud et qui est disponible pendant les journées non nuageuses en hiver, et la transférer vers la façade nord par l'intermédiaire de canalisations d'eau intégrées dans l'enduit isolant objet de l'étude. / In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating.

Notre investigation porte sur la simulation numérique des échanges thermo-convectifs dans un canal vertical ouvert à flux imposé. Cette étude rentre dans le cadre des recherches sur le rafraîchissement passif des composants PV intégrés au bâtiment. À cet effet, un code numérique en Différences Finies est utilisé pour résoudre les équations de Navier-Stokes et simuler la convection naturelle dans un canal. Ce problème reste difficile à résoudre parce que l'écriture des conditions aux limites d'entrée et de sortie reste un problème ouvert. Notre travail consiste d'abord en étude des différentes conditions aux limites pour le benchmark numérique AMETH. Les travaux réalisés ont permis de faire un premier choix sur les conditions aux limites. L'étude s'oriente ensuite sur la qualification et la quantification numériques et expérimentales pour deux fluides : l'air (convection-rayonnement) et l'eau (convection pure). Les résultats numériques/expérimentaux ont été comparés et les discordances ont été analysées. Plusieurs aspects phénoménologiques (rayonnement entre surfaces, variation des propriétés thermo-physiques, variation du nombre de Prandtl) ont été abordés afin de caractériser leurs influences respectives sur l'écoulement et le transfert thermique. Enfin, dans le but d'apporter des éléments de réponses sur les conditions aux limites dynamiques, nous avons simulé la convection naturelle d'un canal dans une cavité et tenté une modélisation. / The present investigation deals with natural convection flow in a vertical open-ended channel with wall constant heat flux. This study falls under the framework of research on passive cooling of building integrated PV components. For this purpose, a numerical code developed with Finite Differences scheme is used to solve Navier-Stokes equations and simulate the natural convection in a channel. This problem is difficult to solve because the writing of inlet/outlet boundary conditions remains an open problem. First, our work consists of studying different boundary conditions for the the numerical benchmark AMETH. The work carried out has enabled a first choice of boundary conditions. The study then focuses on numerical and experimental quantification and qualification for two fluids : air ( convection - radiation) and water ( pure convection) . Experimental and numerical results were compared and discrepancies were analyzed. Several phenomenological aspects ( surface radiation, thermophysical properties variation, Prandtl number variation ) were discussed in order to characterize their influence on flow and heat transfer. Finally, in order to provide some answers on dynamical boundary conditions, we simulated natural convection of a channel inside a cavity and tried a modeling.