Cette thèse propose des techniques de construction d'une séquence d'ordonnancement valide par un algorithme équitable pour des systèmes temps-réel multicoeurs subissant des pannes processeurs permanentes. Selon la nature des tâches les concepteurs peuvent allouer ou pas du temps supplémentaire pour récupérer l'exécution perdue. Dans un premier temps, nous traitons le cas de la défaillance d'un seul coeur. Nous montrons alors que s'il n'y a pas d'allocation de temps supplémentaire, prévoir un coeur de plus que le minimum nécessaire permet de construire une séquence valide : c'est la Technique de la Redondance Matérielle Limitée. Toutefois, si une telle allocation s'impose, nous proposons trois techniques : la Technique des Sous-tâches de Substitution qui augmente le WCET des tâches afin de prévoir du temps additionnel en remplacement du temps perdu, la Technique Contraindre puis Relâcher qui crée une marge de temps entre le délai critique et la période d'une tâche pour rattraper l'exécution perdue et la Technique du Flux Apériodique (TFA) qui réordonnance l'exécution perdue dans les unités de temps creux équitablement réparties. Ensuite, l'utilisation conjointe de ces techniques est envisagée en fonction de la nature des tâches impactées. Enfin, le cas de la défaillance de plusieurs coeurs est étudié. Pour ajuster la charge du système au nombre de coeurs fonctionnels, deux approches sont proposées : le changement de mode de criticité qui modifie les paramètres temporels de certaines tâches et l'abandon de certaines tâches en fonction de leur importance dans le système. / This thesis proposes several techniques to build a valid schedule with a Pfair algorithm for multicore real-time systems despite permanent processor failures. Depending on the nature of the tasks, additional time may be allocated or not to recover the lost execution. First, we consider a single core failure. We then show that if no additional time is allocated, the use of a single more core than the required minimum provides a valid schedule : it is the Limited Hardware Redundancy Technique. However, if full recovery is mandatory, we propose three techniques : the Substitute Subtasks Technique which increases the WCET to provide additionnal time which can be used to recover the lost time, the Constrain and Release Technique which creates a time margin between each task's deadline and the following period which can be used to recover the lost execution and the Aperiodic Flow Technique which reschedules the lost execution within the idle time units. Then, these techniques are mixed to adapt the scheduling behaviour to the nature of the impacted tasks. Finally, the case of the failure of several cores is studied.To adapt the system load to the number of remaining functionnal cores we use the criticality mode change which modifies the temporal parameters of some tasks or we discard some tasks according to their importance.

Title: Problems of Inter-Religious Dialogue in the Field of Sports Objectives: The primary objective of the thesis is to consider the terms olympism, ethics and fair play from various perspectives and subsequently to trace their global aspiration. The subject of the practical part is the analysis of religious dimension of sport and introduction of reality based problems indicated by athletes in terms of acceptance of the "global" ethical regulations. Another point of the thesis is to determine the attitude of the questionnaire respondents (a group of yogis) to the problematics of supporting the transfer of "western" fair play concept into "eastern" civilization and inquire the subject of possibly existing generally valid ethical values. Methods: Theoretical part of the thesis and the first section of the practical part comprises of the topical recherche based on texts analysis and comparison. Second section of the practical part comprehends informations obtained from questionnaires with open questions that are analysed and interpreted. Answers are provided by 44 respondents who actively perform yoga. Conclusion: In conclusion, the terms olympism, ethics and fair play are reviewed from various perspectives. Analysis of religious dimension of sport together with given examples describes possible...

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Magister Legum - LLM

This research examines the question whether or not the exercise of the prosecutorial discretion is kosher, by which is meant whether its functional integrity is intact and free from interference. An investigation, with particular reference to various factors that come into play in prosecutorial decision-making, revealed evidence that suggests degree of undue influence in prosecutorial decision-making. The researcher contends that there is sufficient evidence to infer a causal link between the prevailing climate of uncertainty about the questions informing the research and the manifest lack of credibility of this very important function. There seems to be a lack of recognition for and appreciation of the significant role played by the prosecution service in promoting democracy by ensuring the fair administration of justice. The fact that the prosecution service seems to be a regular target for political interference despite legislative guarantees of its integrity and independence as laid down in the Constitution and the NPA Act suggests an underlying mentality that fails to appreciate or flouts the essential distinction between party and state. Prosecutors also take an oath of office or affirmation before assuming duties in this capacity and this also does not seem to be sufficient guarantee to make their decision making kosher and to avoid any trace of suspicion. In the end some remedial legislative and administrative measures are recommended with a view to restoring public confidence in the prosecution service. The suggestion is made to investigate some of the questions raised in the research, for instance questions such as why the interest in the prosecution service and not the judiciary, and why the current mechanisms aimed at guaranteeing its independence seem not to be sufficient. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Public Law / unrestricted

Shea butter production in West Africa has been dominated by women and Northern Ghana specifically is a leading global producer. This thesis explores women’s perceptions of power, control and agency in the Ojoba Women’s Fair Trade Co-operative in Upper East Ghana. I add to the literature on women’s experiences with and in fair trade. I examine how the shea industry and the co-operative provide a marketplace for women and a space for women to co-operate and resist power structures. I emphasize how the Western language of empowerment builds substantially from pre-existing women’s networks and labour sharing practices in the agricultural context. The thesis evaluates the factors within Ojoba that contribute to women’s empowerment. To be ‘empowered’ in Ojoba reflects a variety of understandings, experiences and locations. Indeed “women’s empowerment” may misrepresent how the women are capable of building a physical and social space of safety, debate and growth.

Nowdays the exhibition business and whole economics are attacked by the impacts of world-wide crisis. The organizers of exhibitions and trade fairs are afraid of massive decrease in exhibitors interest info taking part at these shows. Is it really important to realize that these shows offer a quality presentation of wide assortment and companies from current branch at one place and at the same time. This fact cause that exhibitions or trade fairs are often more effective than any grandiose marketing campaign.

My thesis characterizes the position of women on the labour market. It describes the historical development of the social position of women, depicts the different approach of girls and boys in the process of education. It evaluates the opportunities of women and men on the labour market and highlights the insufficient respect for the rules of fair opportunities and fair treatment. My thesis shows a few ways enabling to overcome barriers that are closely linked to balancing work and family life. My thesis also focuses on the comparison of the Czech Republic and some other states. The thesis includes a research that maps out chances of women on the labour market, seen from the perspective of female employees of a chosen company.

The introductory part explains the term fair. The objective of the chapter devoted to the fair is to help understand the role of the fairs in marketing communication. This chapter depicts objectives that need to be defined when considering the participation in the fairs. The positives and negatives of the participation in the fair are compared here as well. This part shows the process of the preparation for the participation in the fair and realization of the plans. The next part is dedicated to the chosen Czech company Tescoma and general information about this company. The following chapter is devoted to the fair Ambiente, which takes place in Frankfurt am Main. My following research focuses on the participation of the Tescoma in the Ambiente fair. The main part of my diploma thesis is dealing with the questionnaire research. The questions are adjusted to the Ambiente visitors and exhibitors as well. Several questions concern the Tescoma company itself. The success of the Tescoma's preparatory work and the presentation at the Ambiente is evaluated by means of the answered questions from the respondents. The final chapter outlines the possible solutions when finding the drawbacks of the company Tescoma.

The objective of this thesis is to find the different business opportunities on the French fair trade market. Born in the middle of the 20th century, fair trade aims to improve producers' commercial terms. Since the beginning of the 90's, its market in France strongly increased and business owners began to take an interest in it. Nowadays, three growth drivers can be identified: new fair trade products launch, new distribution network development, and targets enlargement (young people and companies are high potential targets). However, some success factors have to be considered. For example, it is necessary to focus on the communication or maximize product visibility in point of sale.