Syfte: Syftet är att testa Fama och Frenchs femfaktormodell på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Detta genom att undersöka huruvida modellen kan statistiskt förklara portföljers genomsnittliga avkastning samt ifall specifika faktorer har statistisk signifikans. Metod: En kvantitativ studie med ett deduktivt förhållningssätt. Undersökningen utför tester på den svenska aktiemarknaden mellan 2015-01-01 och 2019-12-31 genom en regressionsanalys. Upptäckter: Fama och Frenchs femfaktormodell förkastas som helhet men det påvisas däremot att HML är statistisk signifikant inom sex av sex storlekssorterade portföljer, följt av SMB med fyra av sex. Fama och Frenchs femfaktormodellen har svårigheter att förklara avkastningen för mindre företag sorterade utifrån lönsamhet och book-to-market tal. Forskningsimplikationer: Undersöker ett forskningsämne som eftersträvar studier och tester på ett flertal varierande marknader för att förklara aktiers avkastningsmönster. Orginalitet och värde: Studien särskiljer sig på grund av avsaknaden av forskning på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Därtill bidrar studien till ett undersökningsområde för små öppna ekonomier som den svenska marknaden grundas i. / Purpose: The purpose is to test Fama and French's five-factor model in the Swedish stock market. This is done by examining whether the model can explain portfolios' average return and whether specific factors have statistical significance. Method: A quantitative study with a deductive approach. The survey performs tests on the Swedish stock market between 2015-01-01 and 2019-12-31 through a regression analysis. Findings: Fama and French's five-factor model is rejected as a whole, but it is shown that HML is statistically significant in every size-sorted portfolio, followed by SMB with statistical significance in four out of six portfolios. Fama and French's five-factor model have difficulty explaining the returns for smaller companies sorted on profitability and book-to-market ratio. Research implications: Investigates a research topic that strives for an increased number of studies and tests in different markets to explain stock return patterns. Originality and value: The study differs due to the lack of research on the Swedish stock market. In addition, the study contributes to a study area for small open economies in which the Swedish market is based.

The primary objective of this dissertation is to revisit the CAPM and the Fama-French multi-factor models with a view to evaluate the validity of the probabilistic assumptions imposed (directly or indirectly) on the particular data used. By thoroughly testing the assumptions underlying these models, several departures are found and the original linear regression models are respecified. The respecification results in a family of heterogeneous Student's t models which are shown to account for all the statistical regularities in the data. This family of models provides an appropriate basis for revisiting the empirical adequacy of the CAPM and the Fama-French multi-factor models, as well as other models, such as alternative asset pricing models and risk evaluation models. Along the lines of providing a sound basis for reliable inference, the respecified models can serve as a coherent basis for selecting the relevant factors from the set of possible ones. The latter contributes to the enhancement of the substantive adequacy of the CAPM and the multi-factor models. / Ph. D.

本研究主要在探討財務報表重編事件是否導致要求之資金成本提高。探究重編事件之經濟後果，除了彌補此議題之實證證據外，研究結果亦能提供警訊給予企業之管理當局，以抑減財務報表舞弊之發生，同時提供投資人投資決策參考。 本研究以民國86年7月至96年6月間曾重編財務報表之國內上市公司為重編研究樣本建構財務報表重編投資組合，與同期間之其他對應之上市公司投資組合，運用Fama-French三因子模型，加入財務報表重編因子，建構四因子模型，進行最小平方法(OLS)迴歸分析檢測假說。實證結果顯示，在控制市場、規模、淨值市價比因子之後，財務報表重編因子為風險因子，顯示財務報表重編，導致投資者要求之資金成本提高。此外，投資者對於財務報表重編次數之反應並無明顯的不同，而對重編變動之金額程度之反應則有顯著之差異。同時，投資者對於小規模公司發生財務報表重編之反應較大規模公司來的劇烈。最後，在事件影響存續期間研究結果顯示，財務報表重編事件對於公司之資金成本長期而言有明顯的影響，顯見財務報表重編對公司之價值影響重大。

As more and more investors look to diversify their portfolios further, their attentions have moved past emerging markets in recent years, towards the so-called frontier markets. Frontier markets are less developed and liquid than emerging markets but offer tremendous opportunities for investors willing to allocate capital into them. This thesis will look into the applicability of global, as well as Frontier Fama-French-Carhart four-factor models within these markets and what the consequences are in terms of the efficient market hypothesis. The factor models will try to explain returns based on Size, Value and Momentum, as the literature has shown that asset pricing models tend to have difficulties explaining these strategies. Our findings indicate that Global Fama-French factors do partially explain long-only returns, yet Frontier Fama-French-Carhart factors appear more suitable. However, the results indicate that there is a factor missing in Frontier Fama-French-Carhart factors, which could explain the excess returns. Moreover, as we did not find statistically significant and positive intercepts for all applied Momentum strategies against the Frontier and Global Fama-French-Carhart factors (not even in the robustness test), we cannot reject the weak efficient market hypothesis. However, dollar-neutral Size and Value strategies (also the combined portfolio with dollar-neutral Momentum) seem to consistently outperform Frontier and Global factors.

This project focuses on risk analysis of corporate bond portfolios. We separate the total risk of the portfolio into three parts, which are market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The market risk component is quantified by value-at-risk (VaR) determined by change in yield to maturity of the bond portfolio. For the credit risk component, we calculate default probabilities and losses in the event of default and then compute credit VaR. Next, we define a factor called basis which is the difference between the Credit Default Swap (CDS) spread and its corresponding corporate bond yield spread (z-spread or OAS). We quantify the liquidity risk by using the basis. In addition, we also introduce a Fama-French multi-factor model to analyze factor significance to the corporate bond portfolio.

This project focuses on risk analysis of corporate bond portfolios. We divide the total risk of the portfolio into three parts, which are market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The market risk component is quantified by value-at-risk (VaR) which is determined by change in yield to maturity of the bond portfolio. For the credit risk component, we calculate default probabilities and losses in the event of default and then compute credit VaR. Next, we define a factor called `basis' which is the difference between the Credit Default Swap (CDS) spread and its corresponding corporate bond yield spread (z-spread or OAS). We quantify the liquidity risk by using the basis. In addition we also introduce a Fama-French multi-factor model to analyze the factor significance to the corporate bond portfolio.

The aim of this master thesis was to examine whether the noticed effect of Black Monday October 1987 on stock market volatility has also influenced the predictive power of the single factor CAPM and the Fama French three factor CAPM, in order to conclude whether the models are less effective after the stock market crash. I have used an OLS regression analysis and a Monte Carlo Simulation technique. I have applied these techniques on 12 industry portfolios with US data to draw a conclusion whether the predictability of the single and three factor model has changed after October 1987. My research confirms that the single factor CAPM performs better before October 1987 and also found evidences that support the same hypothesis of Black Monday effect on the predictive power of the Fama French three factor model.

<p>In the first chapter of this dissertation I develop a flexible and estimable equilibrium model that jointly considers location decisions of heterogeneous agents across space, and their optimal portfolio decisions. Merging continuous-time asset pricing with urban economics models, I find a unique sorting equilibrium and derive equilibrium house and asset prices in closed-form. Risk premia for homes depend on both aggregate and local idiosyncratic risks, and equilibrium returns for stocks depend on their correlation with city specific income and house price risk. In equilibrium, very risk-averse households do not locate in risky cities although they may have a high productivity match with those cities. I estimate a version of this model using house price and wage data at the metropolitan area level and provide estimates for risk premia for different cities. The estimated risk premia imply that homes are on average about 20000 cheaper than they would be if owners were risk-neutral. This estimate is over 100000 for volatile coastal cities. I simulate the model to study the effects of financial innovation on equilibrium outcomes. For reasonable parameters, creating assets that correlate with city-specific risks increase house prices by about 20% and productivity by about 10%. The average willingness to pay for completing markets per homeowner is between $10000 and $20000. Productivity is increased due to a unique channel: lowering the amount of non-insurable risk decreases the households' incentive to sort on these risks, which leads to a more efficient allocation of human capital in the economy.</p><p>The second chapter of this dissertation studies ability signaling in a model of employer learning and statistical discrimination. In traditional signaling models, education provides a way for individuals to sort themselves by ability. Employers in turn use education to statistically discriminate, paying wages that reflect the average productivity of workers with the same given level of education. In this chapter, we provide evidence that graduating from college plays a much more direct role in revealing ability to the labor market. Using the NLSY79, our results suggest that ability is observed nearly perfectly for college graduates. In contrast, returns to AFQT for high school graduates are initially very close to zero and rise steeply with experience. As a result, from very beginning of the career, college graduates are paid in accordance with their own ability, while the wages of high school graduates are initially unrelated to their own ability. This view of ability revelation in the labor market has considerable power in explaining racial differences in wages, education, and the returns to ability. In particular, we find a 6-10 percent wage penalty for blacks (conditional on ability) in the high school market but a small positive black wage premium in the college labor market. These results are consistent with the notion that employers use race to statistically discriminate in the high school market but have no need to do so in the college market.</p> / Dissertation

This dissertation includes two chapters in the field of international finances about foreign exchange rate predictability and testing purchase power parity. In each chapter, we build the theory, methodology, and the empirical results to present the paper¡¦s construction. The first chapter, we studies whether the pure price inflation rate which is extracted from stock return can help us to test the relative of purchasing power parity in where Asian countries include Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore against the United States. The paper of Chowdhry et al. (2005) argue that relative PPP may not hold for the official price inflation rates which is constructed from consumer price indices, since relative price changes and other frictions cause price to be sticky. Thus, they use the Fisher equation and Fama-French three factors elaborately to build up a model on the nominal return of real risk-free asset to extract the pure price inflation rates. Their argument is supported in the case of Japan, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom. We are interested in the case of some Asian countries. So, this chapter, we extend the model and methodology of Chowdhry et al. (2005) to test the relative PPP for Asian countries. If our empirical evidence is firmly supported, it will be a strongly reconfirmed the elaborated idea of Chowdhry et al. (2005). In our study, the PPP rule is not supported for Asian countries since joint null hypothesis of a=0 and b=1 are rejected at all horizons except Taiwan at monthly horizon. The testing results by constrained seeming unrelated regression (SUR) and system equation in pooled data are similar to the tests of country-by-country. Therefore, we apply the methods of panel unite root from Im et al. (2003), Maddala and Wu (1999), and Pesaran (2007) to test the PPP doctrine, and it is strongly supported PPP for Asian countries. The second chapter, we extract the estimated data of pure price inflation by Chowdhry et al. (2005), and use the data to build up a nonlinear STR (smooth transition autoregressive) model by Granger and Ter&#x00E4;svirta (1993), then compare the performance of linear or nonlinear model of exchange rate predictability with random walk model in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany. This study has presented evidences that the extracted inflation rates offer a good predictability on the prediction of exchange rate for the United Kingdom and Germany. Those extracted data in which are calculated from the industry portfolio returns of stock market. The issue of series correlation in regression error does matter the estimated coefficients £]k, thus we estimate the simulation of Gaussian bootstrap distribution for testing variables with Newey West standard deviation in regression estimate. The empirical evidences show that the PPP doctrine affects the predictability performance of exchange rate change by the extracted inflation rates.

During the last decade, investments into the Swedish mutual fund market have increased substantially. The increased popularity of actively managed Swedish equity funds among households and investment companies, correspondingly, funds need to deliver substantial results, raised the importance to evaluate these funds’ performance. This thesis adds to the scarce empirical literature on Swedish equity mutual fund performance. Employing the Fama-French three factor model, it analyzes whether actively managed Swedish equity mu- tual funds outperform the Fama-French benchmarks net- and gross of management fees. The study uses time-series data and constructs equally-weighted portfolios of the 42 Swe- dish based actively managed equity mutual funds investing in Sweden for the period 2003- 2013. The portfolios’ excess returns are calculated by estimating the Fama-French three factor model by means of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis. The empirical results show that actively managed equity mutual funds over performed the Fama-French three factor benchmarks by an average annualized net- and gross excess return of 3.60 and 4.67 percent respectively. Sorting out the funds by the performance into deciles, the find- ings indicate that management fees influence the performance of the equity mutual funds in the sample of our study. The conclusion is made such that there is an indication that Swedish equity funds’ managers are able to add value above passive investing.