This study explored the relationship between characteristics of children's families and their social adjustment and how extra-familial connections affect this relationship. According to human ecological theory, children who are in jeopardy through higher-risk family systems and other social forces were expected to be protected from sociocultural risks by social connections in such settings as school, church, kin groups, and neighborhood.

Approximately 150,000 First Nation, Metis, and Inuit children attended Canadian residential schools from the 1840s to 1996. Most residential school children had negative experiences of physical, verbal, and sexual abuse that led to parenting repercussions once these children became parents. These repercussions of residential schools led to a rate of neglect for First Nation children 12 times higher than non-First Nation children. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological descriptive study was to explore the lived experiences of second generation parents, who were schooled in residential schools as children and their current parenting styles. The conceptual frameworks of trauma theory and family systems theory were used to understand the parenting styles of second-generation parents. Data were collected through one-on-one interviews with 20 second generation parents living within 10 Treaty 8 territory Woodland Cree reserves of Alberta, Canada. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo10 software to determine common themes. The themes were little affection, too much alcohol and substance abuse, lack of positive reinforcement, an abundance of household chores, coparenting with extended family and friends, and spanking, revolving privileges, and yelling as forms of discipline. Social change may occur through better understanding of the parenting styles of second-generation parents. Recommendations include making levels of government aware of the need for a program to aid second-generation parents in healing from their past trauma. Another recommendation is that First Nation curricula should include the history and legacy of residential schools to allow children and their parents to acknowledge the effects of colonialism on their lives today and, hopefully, to overcome them.

Language brokers are children of immigrants who use their skills as bilinguals to interpret or translate for their family and/or community members. Although language brokering may begin in childhood or preadolescence, language brokering may continue until adulthood. While there are a small number of studies that have touched upon change over time, this study’s primary focus is on language brokers’ experiences relating to change over time. This was accomplished through semi-structured in depth retrospective interviews among Latina/o young adults attending small liberal arts colleges. Three aspects of language brokering were examined, the practice of language brokering, feeling towards language brokering, and family dynamics. Three new aspects of language brokering emerged, brokering for parent’s business, brokering for the community, and brokering technology. Siblings played the role of the language broker at different points in time and to different extents. Parents’ English language developed, and they were able to navigate some tasks due to their language development and their experience completing typical forms. Feelings of joy and frustration, in deed, coexist. Feelings towards language brokering also changed from embarrassment and nervousness to confidence and satisfaction. The patterns and experiences found in this study highlight the complexity and dynamic nature of language brokering.

El objetivo del estudio fue describir cómo se da la dinámica familiar en sistemas conyugales con mascotas y sin hijos. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, aplicando la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron 10 parejas de entre 25 a 35 años que se encontraban conviviendo como mínimo 6 meses con sus mascotas. Se utilizó el análisis temático para establecer los temas desde la teoría de la dinámica familiar de Olson (2000). Los principales hallazgos indican que cuando una mascota se introduce en el sistema genera nuevos patrones de comportamiento y modifica su dinámica. Algunos de los cambios encontrados son los siguientes: un nuevo vínculo emocional, transformación de roles, establecimiento de una nueva rutina, cambios en las prioridades de la pareja, cambios en el proyecto de vida, entre otros. Así, se confirma la estructura teórica de Olson (2000) y se complementa a partir de una categoría emergente. / The aim of the study was to describe how family dynamics occurs in married systems with pets and without children. To do this, a qualitative methodology with phenomenological design was used, applying the semi-structured interview technique. Ten couples between 25 and 35 years old who were living at least 6 months with their pets participated. Thematic analysis was used to establish the themes from Olson’s theory of family dynamics (2000). The main findings indicate that when a pet is introduced into the system it generates new behavior patterns and modifies its dynamics. Some of the changes found are the following: a new emotional bond, transformation of roles, establishment of a new routine, changes in the priorities of the couple, changes in the life project, among others. Thus, the theoretical structure of Olson (2000) is confirmed and complemented by an emerging category. / Tesis

No description available.

As social media has become more entwined with society, parents are facing fears around how their children use them, and who they connect with. As a result, some resort to parental control technologies that enable them to surveil their children’s online activities. However, for LGBTQ+ youth this can have large consequences, since the access to like-minded community is important for these peoples’ abilities to cope with their minority status. The study therefore explores in what ways LGBTQ+ youth (ages 18-27) experience of using social media is shaped by experiences of living under surveillance and control enabled by design and practices used by parents. This includes both general surveillance practices on social media, rather than focusing on explicit parental control technologies. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, combining self-reporting diary entries and semi-structures one-to-one interviews with six participants. The data was analyzed through a thematic analysis. We took great caution in how we conducted the study, since it can be a sensitive topic for the participants, and as a part of this examined our relation to the setting and how that could affect the research. We found that surveillance was far more diffuse than expected, consisting by an ever-shifting landscape of methods and counter-methods by parents and children respectively. However, we found that the less control the participants have over the audience of what they share, the less free they are to share their lives. This ends up alienating them as users, and risking isolating them from the possibilities of alternative support networks that could escape control and surveillance. These alternative support structures are necessary for the participants, because the reason they can’t escape the control is often due to dependency on their parents, often economic. The participants experiences underscore the lack of prioritization for minority groups such as the ones in the LGBTQ+ in platform design, something that we think must change.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / John E. Grable and Kristy L. Archuleta / The efficient operation and succession of family owned businesses plays a critical role in our national economic health. This study was built upon the Family Business Succession Model, which is based on family systems theory. The impact of owner characteristics, enterprise characteristics, business formalizing activities, family influence, access to resources, and external environmental conditions, all on the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, was assessed. These results were moderated by the generation of the business. With an exploratory and descriptive methodology, primary survey data were obtained from family business owners in Missouri, Illinois, and Kansas. Research results provide family business advisors with important insight for developing recommendations around improving the extensiveness of family business succession preparedness, provide important policy implications, and serve as a basis for additional theory development in family business succession planning.

Un tiers des enfants de moins de 18 ans ne vivent pas avec leurs deux parents biologiques à Madagascar. En effet, les « ruptures familiales » entrainent souvent des situations de monoparentalité (liées à un divorce, une séparation des parents ou un veuvage), de recomposition familiale et de confiage d’enfants. Il s’agit ici de se pencher sur la dynamique familiale autour de ces discontinuités, en analysant les différents schémas de prise en charge intra-familiale des enfants. Cette perspective permet ainsi de comprendre les processus qui ont mené à ces ruptures mais surtout de rendre compte de la complexité des décisions de prise en charge des enfants selon les formes de ruptures vécues. En s’appuyant sur une analyse des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé (EDS), des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés dans deux régions distinctes de Madagascar (Toliara et Antananarivo) où la proportion d’enfants ne vivant pas avec les deux parents est très différente l’une de l’autre. Une analyse des histoires familiales souligne les différents déterminants de la prise en charge des enfants pour chaque type de ruptures et montre qu’il existe des modèles-types de prise en charge et des spécificités socio-culturelles dans les deux régions. Nous examinons le maintien des solidarités familiales face à la crise économique grandissante dans laquelle vivent les ménages. En outre, nous mettons en lumière la place de la grand-parentalité dans l’éducation et le confiage d’enfants. / One third of children under 18 years are not living with their two biological parents in Madagascar. Indeed, "family breakdowns" often lead to single parenthood (related to a divorce, parental separation or widowhood), to stepfamilies and to child fostering. This thesis addresses the family dynamics around these discontinuities, analyzing different patterns of care of children within the family. This perspective allows us to understand the processes that led to these failures but also to account for the complexity of decisions about support children according to the form of disruption experienced. Based on a previous analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data, semi-structured interviews were conducted in two regions of Madagascar (Antananarivo and Toliara) where the proportions of children not living with both parents are very different. An analysis of family histories highlights the various determinants of child care for each type of failure.and will show if there are standard models of care and socio-cultural specificities for the two regions. We also examine whether family solidarities remain in a context ofa growing economic crisis. In addition, we will highlight the role of grand-parenting in education and child fostering.

Cette thèse s’est interrogée principalement sur le lien entre l’entraide familiale et la fécondité en contexte de pauvreté. Elle a donc mis en relief l’impact sur la fécondité des changements des comportements des ménages vis-à-vis de l’entraide familiale. Nous avons tenté d’identifier les facteurs de la baisse de la fécondité observée au Cameroun, et de discuter l’idée selon laquelle un affaiblissement du système de l’entraide familiale serait un déterminant de la fécondité. Entre autres, nous avons cherché aussi à relever les transformations subies par les ménages camerounais (configuration et composition), dues à l’impact de la pauvreté sur leurs organisations. En guise de résultats, outre le début d’un affaiblissement du système d’entraide familiale, d’autres facteurs tels que la baisse de la mortalité infanto-juvénile, etc., expliquent la baisse de la fécondité au Cameroun. Si l’on observe donc une persistance de l’entraide familiale au Cameroun malgré la pauvreté, notons néanmoins une montée en puissance de la nucléarisation de la famille qui se traduit par une préférence d’aider ses proches à distance au travers du soutien financier, au lieu de les avoir près de soi à travers la cohabitation. / This thesis wondered mainly about the link between the family mutual aid and the fertility in context of poverty. Thus she accentuated the impact on the fertility of the changes of the behavior of the households towards the family mutual aid. We tried to identify the factors of the reduction in the fertility observed in Cameroon, and tu discuss the idea according to which a weakening of the system of the family mutual aid would be a determiner of fertility. Among others, we also looked to raise the transformations undergone by the Cameroonian households (configuration and composition), due the impact of the poverty on their organizations. By way of results, besides the beginning of a weakening of the system of family mutual aid, other factors such as the reduction in the infanto-young mortality, etc., explain the reduction of the fertylity in Cameroon. If we thus observe an obstinacy of the family mutual aid in Cameroon in spite of the poverty, let us note nevertheless an increase in importance of the nuclearization of family which is translated by a preference to help his remote relations through the financial support, instead of having them near one through the cohabitation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6054.pdf: 4540208 bytes, checksum: 32dbc561cd6bd69bb1d6b60afc4b3d6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Solidary economy in Brazil appeared in the 1980s, when inflation rates and unemployment were high. It encouraged the organization of workers in cooperatives to recover the companies they worked for and that had failed, and thus keep theirjobs. The recyclable waste pickers emerged in Brazil because of the social exclusion that part of the population was exposed, around the 1950s, and began to organize themselves into cooperatives by the need of continue working after the banning of picking at landfills and dumpsites. This organization came in partnership with government, religious institutions, NGOs and universities, among other supporters. Actually, it s observed that cooperatives of recyclable waste pickers are not only composed of ex-pickers of the landfills and dumpsites, but also of other workers that are facing unemployment in current times. For the organization of economic-solidary cooperatives, it is necessary for the pickers to acquire knowledge about the nature of the project and about the progress of work. They also need the promotion of the socio-technical adaptations (STA) for the development of social technologies (TS) that that allow their development and sustainability. This process, which influences the organizational form of the enterprise, depending on how it occurs, it will need the partnership between the various agents involved in the movement of solidary economy. The consideration of various knowledges in search of a suitable scientific and technological production that benefits the people, is in keeping of the principles of the field science, technology and society (STS). Whereas that the economic and social inclusion and the labor have influence in the life of the individual and that the solidary economy with their values - solidary, individual freedom, income distribution equally, associative or cooperative organization of work and self-management-, proposes a new form of organization the work, as well as providing the economic and social inclusion, the objective of this work it to investigate the influences of labor economic-solidary relations in the family dynamics of the recyclable waste pickers. The method used is the oral history, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect stories about the lives of family groups of the pickers, who are members of a joint economic-solidary cooperative (COOPERVIDA) located in the city of São Carlos-SP. The interviews were transcribed and after they were validated by the interviewed people, by the transcriation process. After this validation, the transcribed data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Before the interviews, it was done a field work in the cooperative, with the use of the participant observation technique which was conducted in search of understanding how internal working relationships occur and how the solidary economy and cooperative working relationships traverses the environment. Among the results, we can cite the lack of AST that contribute to the organization of work processes in the cooperative; the economic and solidary principles permeate the relationships in the cooperative, but not entirely; that there is a demand for training of new cooperative to acquire knowledge about the work; families presented influences of the relations of economic-solidary work in their family dynamics, organizing their routine in a egalitarian and solidary way; and that even without being able to define what is solidary economy, the collectors and families develop behavior permeated by its principles. It s indicated the need to develop state policy, including family in programs and actions performed. / A economia solidária começou a aparecer no Brasil na década de 1980, quando os índices inflacionários e de desemprego estavam altos. Ela estimulou a organização de trabalhadores em cooperativas para recuperarem as empresas em que trabalhavam e que haviam falido, e assim, manterem seus postos de trabalho. Os catadores de materiais recicláveis surgiram no Brasil pela exclusão social a que parte da população foi submetida, em torno da década de 1950, e começaram a se organizar em cooperativas pela necessidade de continuar trabalhado, após a proibição de catar nos aterros sanitários e lixões. Esta organização ocorreu em parceria com o poder público, instituições religiosas, ONGs e universidades, dentre outros apoiadores. Atualmente, observa-se que as cooperativas de catadores não são compostas somente de ex- catadores de aterros e lixões, mas também de outros trabalhadores vítimas do desemprego em épocas atuais. Para a organização dos empreendimentos econômico-solidários, é necessário que os catadores se apropriem de conhecimentos necessários sobre a natureza do empreendimento e sobre o desenvolvimento do trabalho. É preciso também que sejam realizadas adaptações sociotécnicas (AST) para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais (TS) que possibilitem seu desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade. Esse processo, que influencia na forma de organização do empreendimento dependendo de como ocorrer, necessita da realização de parcerias entre os diversos atores envolvidos no movimento da economia solidária. A consideração de vários saberes em busca de uma produção científica e tecnológica adequada que beneficie a população de fato, vai ao encontro do campo de pesquisa ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS). Considerando que a inclusão econômico- social e o trabalho influenciam na vida do indivíduo e que a economia solidária com seus valores (solidariedade, liberdade individual, distribuição de renda de forma igualitária, organização cooperativa ou associativa do trabalho e autogestão) propõe uma nova forma de organização do trabalho, além de propiciar a inclusão econômico-social, tem-se como objetivo investigar as influências das relações de trabalho econômico-solidárias na dinâmica familiar dos catadores. O método utilizado é o da história oral, e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para coletar relatos sobre a vida dos grupos familiares dos catadores, que são membros de uma cooperativa econômico-solidária localizada na cidade de São Carlos-SP, a COOPERVIDA. As entrevistas foram transcritas e após ocorreu a validação dos dados pelos entrevistados, pelo processo de transcriação. Após essa validação, os dados transcritos foram analisados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Antes das entrevistas, foi realizado um trabalho de campo no empreendimento com a utilização da técnica da observação participante, visando compreender como ocorrem as relações internas de trabalho e como a economia solidária e as relações de trabalho cooperativistas permeiam o ambiente. Dentre os resultados, podemos citar a carência de AST que contribuam para a organização dos processos de trabalho no empreendimento; que os princípios econômico-solidários permeiam as relações na cooperativa, mas não totalmente; que existe uma demanda de capacitação de novos cooperados para que adquiram conhecimentos sobre o trabalho; que as famílias apresentaram influências das relações de trabalho econômico-solidárias na dinâmica familiar, organizando sua rotina de forma igualitária e solidária; e que mesmo sem conseguir definir o que é economia solidária, os catadores e famílias desenvolveram comportamentos permeados por seus princípios. Indica-se a necessidade de desenvolver políticas estatais de economia solidária, incluindo-se a família nos programas e ações realizados.