Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Several are the transformations that the family has going through, situations that also implied in changes in the performance of parental roles. Whereas motherhood has many of its assumptions well naturalized, the paternity, supposedly, was the one what has most changed into the familiar scenery. In this context, the research from which originates the present dissertation had as the main goal to understand the meanings attributed to paternity by women heads of household in urban periphery. For this, an exploratory qualitative study was performed in a group of ten women, mothers, who constituted a monoparental family and that lived in an urban periphery from a countryside city located in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The number of participants followed the definition of the saturation criterion. The data collection instruments used were the semi-structured interviews and the focus group, with the data obtained processed by the analysis of thematic content. The results of this research are presented and discussed in three articles that compose this dissertation. Thus, the results of the first article pointed out to the existence of traditional and contemporary conceptions regarding to the structure of the family, as well as the role that the father has within the family. The second article, on the other hand, referred to a discussion about the importance of the pregnancy being part of project shared by the couple, especially by highlighting that many relationships end, even before the birth of the child, a situation which contributes to the difficulty of many fathers in establish their affective position toward these children. The results of the third article showed the existence of a number of crossings situations that pervade the coparental relationship after the couple's separation. Furthermore, it was noticed that the participant´s understanding regarding to the parental roles seem to have been permeated by the belief that the mother is naturally better prepared to take care of the children, while the father was delegated to a peripheral function. The issue which appeared with more emphasis in this study was the coexistence of traditional and modern meanings regarding to the paternity. While the mothers reported that the father is the "foundation" of the house, the head of the family, many of them asserted their wish of a more attentive and affective former partner with their children, showing signs of what is called "contemporary father", in the speech of women heads of households in urban periphery. / Diversas são as transformações pelas quais a família tem passado, o que tem implicado também em mudanças no desempenho dos papéis parentais. Considerando que a maternidade mantém muitos de seus pressupostos naturalizados, pode-se pensar que a paternidade é a que mais tem se modificado no cenário familiar. Partindo deste pressuposto, a pesquisa da qual se origina a presente dissertação teve como objetivo geral compreender os significados atribuídos à paternidade por mulheres chefes de família de periferia urbana. Com este intuito, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório com dez mulheres, mães, que compunham uma família monoparental e que residiam em uma periferia urbana do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O número de participantes respeitou a definição do critério de saturação. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal, tendo sido os dados analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados da presente pesquisa são apresentados e discutidos nos três artigos que compõe esta dissertação. Os resultados do primeiro artigo apontaram para a existência de concepções tradicionais e contemporâneas no que tange à configuração familiar e ao papel que o pai possui dentro da família. O segundo artigo, por sua vez, remeteu a uma reflexão a respeito da importância da gestação fazer parte de um projeto compartilhado pelo casal, em especial por se evidenciar que muitos relacionamentos terminam antes mesmo do nascimento da criança, o que acaba contribuindo para que muitos pais tenham dificuldades em se posicionar afetivamente frente a estes filhos. Os resultados do terceiro artigo apontaram para a existência de uma série de atravessamentos que perpassam o relacionamento coparental após a separação do casal. Ademais, foi possível perceber que o entendimento das participantes a respeito dos papéis parentais parecem terem sido permeados pela crença de que a mãe é naturalmente a mais bem preparada para cuidar dos filhos enquanto ao pai foi delegada uma função periférica. A questão que apareceu com mais ênfase neste estudo foi a coexistência de significados tradicionais e modernos no que diz respeito à paternidade. Ao mesmo tempo em que as mães referiram que o pai é o alicerce da casa, o chefe da família, muitas delas asseveraram seu desejo de que o ex-companheiro fosse mais atencioso e afetivo com os filhos, evidenciando indícios do que se denomina de pai contemporâneo no discurso de mulheres chefes de família de periferia urbana.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Campos.pdf: 357625 bytes, checksum: 78f7cb4567b9a080a787cae974a72886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed at a) investigating the effects of father absence on child development, b) describing the intrapsychic content of children with present parents and children with absent fathers in their homes. Therefore, three cases of school-age children who attended a non-governmental organization in the city of Santos were studied and the tools of semi-structured interviews were utilized with the mothers and The Drawing-Story with Theme with the children. Application was made as follows the participant was asked to design a child and then tell a story about the drawing. Thereafter, the child was asked to draw the father of this child and tell a story about this same design. We decided also to apply the The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices with the children. Although each case had its peculiarities, the results showed indications of disturbances of sexual identity, helplessness, insecurity, depressive tendencies, and the association between father absence, cognitive deficit and / or intellectual inhibition. It was also observed in one case, the mother's difficulty in allowing the father to fulfill his role as "father". It was concluded that father absence was perceived by the child not only as the absence of the father in the home, but by its omission: adding to the fact that the internalization of the father figure did not seem determined by the biological connection, but by the possibility of offering the child identification and affection. It would appear from this study that healthy psychological development can be facilitated by the introjection of good mother / father figures for the child. Thus, studies devoted to the theme of fatherhood are as important to be explored today as the ones intended to motherhood through the history of developmental psychology and psychoanalysis.(AU) / O presente estudo teve por objetivos a) investigar as repercussões da ausência paterna sobre o desenvolvimento da criança; b) descrever o conteúdo intrapsíquico de crianças com pais presentes e de crianças com pais ausentes no lar. Para tanto foram estudados três casos de crianças em idade escolar que freqüentavam uma instituição não governamental da cidade de Santos e utilizou-se dos instrumentos entrevista semi-estruturada com as mães e Procedimento de Desenho-Estória com Tema com as crianças. A aplicação foi feita nos seguintes termos, pediu-se ao participante que desenhasse uma criança e, em seguida que contasse uma estória sobre o desenho. Após, foi solicitado à criança que desenhasse o pai dessa criança e que contasse uma estória sobre esse mesmo desenho. Optamos também por aplicar o Teste das Matrizes Coloridas de Raven - Escala Especial com as crianças. Embora cada caso tivesse revelado suas peculiaridades, os resultados mostraram indicativos de distúrbios da identidade sexual, desamparo, insegurança, tendências depressivas, além de associação entre a ausência paterna, déficit cognitivo e/ou inibição intelectual. Foi também observado em um dos casos, dificuldades da mãe em permitir que o pai paternasse . Concluiu-se que a ausência paterna foi percebida pela criança não somente como a falta da pessoa do pai no lar, mas sim por sua omissão; somando-se ao fato de que a internalização da figura paterna não pareceu determinada pelo laço biológico, mas sim pela possibilidade de oferecimento à criança de identificação e afeto. Entendeu-se com esse estudo que o desenvolvimento psíquico saudável pode ser facilitado pela introjeção das boas figuras materno/paternas pela criança. Sendo assim, estudos dedicados ao tema da paternidade são tão importantes de serem explorados na atualidade quanto o foram aqueles destinados à maternidade ao longo da história da psicologia do desenvolvimento e da psicanálise. (AU)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / The present study aimed to: a) Characterize a sample of adolescents participating in social projects of an Institution in the coast of Sao Paulo, b) Investigate the aspects of the structure and dynamics of adolescents from single parent families, conventional families and other family settings c) Understand the relationships established with parental figures for adolescents belonging to these different family organizations. To this end, initially a characterization of the profile of these adolescents was carried out and, subsequently, six cases of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participating of Social Projects of the Third Sector (NGO) belonging to different forms of family organizations were studied. These teenagers were attended at the Institution where the data were collected. Semi -structured interviews and the Thematic Apperception Test were the instruments used. Overall, the results showed that adolescents from conventional families, that is, with father and mother within the family, were able to internalize the imago pattern in a more integrated way, and go through the adolescence in a more stable manner. The struggle to elaborate mourning is experienced, in tanden with the so-called "Normal Adolescence Syndrome". Youngsters representing families in which the father is not present, present defenses and anxieties characteristic of earlier stages of development. It is our conclusion that further studies are required to meet this demand, so that preventive work can create the conditions for good psychological development, enabling the passage through adolescence and achievement of adulthood in an integrated manner. / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) Caracterizar uma amostra de adolescentes participantes de projetos sociais de uma Instituição de uma cidade do litoral paulista; b) Investigar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica de adolescentes oriundos de famílias monoparentais, convencionais e de outras configurações familiares e, c) Compreender as relações estabelecidas com as figuras parentais por esses adolescentes pertencentes à essas diferentes organizações familiares.Para isso foi realizado inicialmente uma caracterização do perfil desses adolescentes e, posteriormente estudado seis casos de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos participantes de Projetos Sociais do Terceiro Setor(Ong) pertencentes a diferentes formas de organizações familiares. Esses adolescentes freqüentavam a Instituição, local onde foram coletados os dados. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a entrevista semi-estruturada e o Teste de Apercepção Temática. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram que os adolescentes de famílias convencionais, ou seja, que possuem o pai e mãe no seio familiar conseguiram introjetar a imago paterna de forma mais integrada e, transitam pela adolescência de maneira mais estável. O esforço frente à elaboração dos lutos é vivenciado condizendo com a dita Síndrome da Adolescência Normal . Já os jovens pertencentes a famílias em que o pai não se faz presente no seio familiar, as defesas e as angustias apresentam-se condizentes aos estágios mais primitivos do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos frente a esta demanda para que o trabalho preventivo possa criar condições de um bom desenvolvimento psíquico para que este jovem passe pela adolescência e, chegue à vida adulta de maneira integrada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Silva Baccelli.pdf: 1308089 bytes, checksum: 51903fe88050ceb25d7e5a292d87ebad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / The present study aimed to: a) Characterize a sample of adolescents participating in social projects of an Institution in the coast of Sao Paulo, b) Investigate the aspects of the structure and dynamics of adolescents from single parent families, conventional families and other family settings c) Understand the relationships established with parental figures for adolescents belonging to these different family organizations. To this end, initially a characterization of the profile of these adolescents was carried out and, subsequently, six cases of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participating of Social Projects of the Third Sector (NGO) belonging to different forms of family organizations were studied. These teenagers were attended at the Institution where the data were collected. Semi -structured interviews and the Thematic Apperception Test were the instruments used. Overall, the results showed that adolescents from conventional families, that is, with father and mother within the family, were able to internalize the imago pattern in a more integrated way, and go through the adolescence in a more stable manner. The struggle to elaborate mourning is experienced, in tanden with the so-called "Normal Adolescence Syndrome". Youngsters representing families in which the father is not present, present defenses and anxieties characteristic of earlier stages of development. It is our conclusion that further studies are required to meet this demand, so that preventive work can create the conditions for good psychological development, enabling the passage through adolescence and achievement of adulthood in an integrated manner. / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) Caracterizar uma amostra de adolescentes participantes de projetos sociais de uma Instituição de uma cidade do litoral paulista; b) Investigar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica de adolescentes oriundos de famílias monoparentais, convencionais e de outras configurações familiares e, c) Compreender as relações estabelecidas com as figuras parentais por esses adolescentes pertencentes à essas diferentes organizações familiares.Para isso foi realizado inicialmente uma caracterização do perfil desses adolescentes e, posteriormente estudado seis casos de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos participantes de Projetos Sociais do Terceiro Setor(Ong) pertencentes a diferentes formas de organizações familiares. Esses adolescentes freqüentavam a Instituição, local onde foram coletados os dados. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a entrevista semi-estruturada e o Teste de Apercepção Temática. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram que os adolescentes de famílias convencionais, ou seja, que possuem o pai e mãe no seio familiar conseguiram introjetar a imago paterna de forma mais integrada e, transitam pela adolescência de maneira mais estável. O esforço frente à elaboração dos lutos é vivenciado condizendo com a dita Síndrome da Adolescência Normal . Já os jovens pertencentes a famílias em que o pai não se faz presente no seio familiar, as defesas e as angustias apresentam-se condizentes aos estágios mais primitivos do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos frente a esta demanda para que o trabalho preventivo possa criar condições de um bom desenvolvimento psíquico para que este jovem passe pela adolescência e, chegue à vida adulta de maneira integrada.

Psychology's literature regarding fatherlessness is not only grim, mainly pointing out the negative consequences of fatherlessness, but it also does not provide much specific information about fatherless individuals' experiences. A pilot study revealed that fatherless individuals do not always suffer from the loss of their father and that they also have the ability to overcome the negative consequences commonly associated with father loss. The research questions for this study presented themselves naturally after reviewing the literature and after considering the results of my pilot study, namely, “What do fatherless individuals actually experience in being fatherless, and what is the nature of the experience of being fatherless in people who seem to display successful coping and resilience?” Phenomenology and the Grounded Interpretive research method were employed to explore in depth the lived experience of three participants. My interviews show that cultural, family, and educational background and the individual's interpretations of his or her situation significantly contributed to how fatherlessness was experienced. In contrast to the generally grim literature on fatherlessness, the results of the present study suggest that the consequences of fatherlessness do not have to be as grim as they are generally portrayed. While fatherlessness is difficult, there is hope for the fatherless in that they can overcome the negative implications of their situation-a finding that contributes to a more holistic understanding and a perspective of fatherlessness that has not yet been sufficiently been documented by the literature.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in English / The aim of this investigation was to determine whether values, the style of discipline and father involvement, influence achievement motivation in secondary school pupils. A survey of existing literature on this subject reveals that style of discipline does influence academic achievement. Baumrind's research is a major source of information in this regard. Research also indicates a positive correlation between academic achievement and the father's ability to assume the leadership role in the family. A positive correlation between the choice of values, for example religious, social, etcetera, and academic achievement is indicated in past research on academic achievement. An investigation done in a large rural town in South Africa, however, reveals no significant correlation between the above mentioned factors and academic achievement. However, a negative correlation between achievement and popularity as an important value, suggests that under-achievement is found more frequently among pupils whose parents value popularity highly. / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om te bepaal of waardes, die dissiplineringstyl en vaderbetrokkenheid, die kind se akademiese prestasie bei:nvloed. 'n Ondersoek van bestaande literatuur op hierdie gebied, wys daarop dat die dissiplineringstyl, akademiese prestasie bei:nvloed. Baumrind se studie is 'n belangrike bron van inligting in die verband. Navorsing dui op 'n positiewe korrelasie tussen akademiese prestasie en die vader se vermoe om die leierskapsposisie in die gesin te handhaaf Bestaande literatuur oor die onderwerp dui ook daarop dat die keuse van waardes, byvoorbeeld godsdienstige-, sosiale-, ensovoorts, positief korreleer met akademiese prestasie. 'n Ondersoek in 'n groot plattelandse dorp in Suid-Afiika, wys geen beduidende korrelasie tussen die bogenoemde aspekte en akademiese prestasie nie. 'n Negatiewe korrelasie tussen akademiese prestasie en gewildheid as waarde, word wel aangedui, wat suggereer dat leerlinge dikwels onderpresteer wanneer hulle ouers op gewildheid gesteld is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in English / The aim of this investigation was to determine whether values, the style of discipline and father involvement, influence achievement motivation in secondary school pupils. A survey of existing literature on this subject reveals that style of discipline does influence academic achievement. Baumrind's research is a major source of information in this regard. Research also indicates a positive correlation between academic achievement and the father's ability to assume the leadership role in the family. A positive correlation between the choice of values, for example religious, social, etcetera, and academic achievement is indicated in past research on academic achievement. An investigation done in a large rural town in South Africa, however, reveals no significant correlation between the above mentioned factors and academic achievement. However, a negative correlation between achievement and popularity as an important value, suggests that under-achievement is found more frequently among pupils whose parents value popularity highly. / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om te bepaal of waardes, die dissiplineringstyl en vaderbetrokkenheid, die kind se akademiese prestasie bei:nvloed. 'n Ondersoek van bestaande literatuur op hierdie gebied, wys daarop dat die dissiplineringstyl, akademiese prestasie bei:nvloed. Baumrind se studie is 'n belangrike bron van inligting in die verband. Navorsing dui op 'n positiewe korrelasie tussen akademiese prestasie en die vader se vermoe om die leierskapsposisie in die gesin te handhaaf Bestaande literatuur oor die onderwerp dui ook daarop dat die keuse van waardes, byvoorbeeld godsdienstige-, sosiale-, ensovoorts, positief korreleer met akademiese prestasie. 'n Ondersoek in 'n groot plattelandse dorp in Suid-Afiika, wys geen beduidende korrelasie tussen die bogenoemde aspekte en akademiese prestasie nie. 'n Negatiewe korrelasie tussen akademiese prestasie en gewildheid as waarde, word wel aangedui, wat suggereer dat leerlinge dikwels onderpresteer wanneer hulle ouers op gewildheid gesteld is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)