De manière contradictoire, les maîtresses royales ont fait l’objet de nombreuses productions (historiques, littéraires, audiovisuelles et même musicales), mais dont la portée scientifique s’avère le plus souvent limitée. Ce travail se propose de remédier à cette lacune, en se focalisant sur une période politique charnière : les règnes des premiers rois Bourbons, d’Henri IV à Louis XIV. L’objectif est de comprendre comment, autant dans le fonctionnement de la machine monarchique qu’à travers les dynamiques inhérentes à la société nobiliaire, se construit et se déploie la faveur lorsqu’elle s’applique aux femmes et implique, donc, à la fois des limites et des ouvertures propres à cette dimension genrée. Pour mener à bien ce projet, plusieurs échelles d’analyse, sociales et chronologiques, seront adoptées. Il sera d’abord question de la maîtresse elle-même, et donc de la période de la faveur, de l’inclination à la distinction, pour saisir comment évoluent position sociale et fortune. Ensuite, sera considérée une temporalité plus longue, allant jusqu’au décès de ces dames, afin d’explorer leur action sur les différentes composantes sociales auxquelles elles se rattachent : parents, enfants, protégés et établissements religieux (entre autres). Enfin, sera prise en compte une chronologie plus vaste, correspondant au temps généalogique des maisons nobles, pour observer l’articulation entre passé familial, faveur féminine ponctuelle et devenir sur le long terme. / Contradictorily, royal mistresses are at the heart of many productions (history, literature, films and even music), but few of them have a real scientific significance. This thesis tries to fill this gap, focusing on a transition period in French history: the reigns of first Bourbon kings, Henri IV, Louis XIII and Louis XIV. The aim is to understand how, within the royal machine as much as within the aristocratic society, favour works and spreads out, especially when it concerns women and implies both limits and openings, proper to this gender dimension.To do so, social and chronological analysis scales have been chosen. First, I will focus on the royal mistress herself – and thus on the favour time, from attraction to distinction –, in order to grasp how social position and fortune develop. Then, I will study a longer temporality, going until the death of the protagonists, to examine their action on groups and individuals to who they are closely linked: kin, descendants, protégés and convents, in particular. Finally, I will look at an extensive chronology, that fits genealogical time of nobility, with the aim of observing the links between family past, temporary favour and long-term future.

The problem of this study is to compare certain elements of appeal in favorite comic books and favorite books of fiction read by 384 ninth-grade pupils in the J. P. Elder Junior High School, Fort Worth, Texas, during a three-months period from November 7, 1949, to February 7, 1950. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain whether the same elements of appeal are common to both types of reading, and whether they compare favorably with the findings of other investigations reported in literature on the subject.

This study enquires into the construction of a cultural fantasy, the favorite (or royal mistress), in the reign of Louis XIV (1661-1715), and aims to explore the kinds of narrative, the 'scénario pour l’imaginaire', articulated around this figure. A process of crystallization in respect of the favorite, both as word and as literary figure, develops across the late seventeenth century. This process is on the one hand fuelled by the increasing prominence of female favouritism as a political practice during the period, and on the other facilitated by the emergence of new privileged media such as the novel and the 'nouvelle historique'. The favorite, as a new incarnation of the ‘femme forte’, becomes a trope by which anxieties can be expressed: about female power, but also about the monarchy in general. This thesis advances by way of close readings and studies of vast corpora of texts; it alternates – both within and between chapters – between analysis and synthesis. Following the introduction, the first chapter introduces a set of mental landmarks, both semantic and axiological, and explores the dictionaries, treatises and courtly manuals of the time in search of the favorite. The second chapter focuses on the fiction of the 1660s and 1670s, and questions the way in which these texts established elements of definition and recurrent issues related to the staging of the favorite in this period. The third chapter considers the representation of Louis XIV's mistresses, principally through a study of the ballets, poems, letters, memoirs, satires and pamphlets concerned with the Sun King's loves. Its object is to show how the favorite is inserted into the royal mythology. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the first text explicitly and exclusively devoted to the favorite: the Histoire des Favorites (1697) by Anne de La Roche-Guilhen. This chapter attempts to bring to light the tensions underlying the text, while interrogating the determining role of this collection in the process of crystallization explored throughout the thesis. The fifth chapter sketches out the afterlife of the favorite under Louis XV and Louis XVI, and describes the principal evolutions which ensured her survival in the collective imagination.

I den här studien undersöks om och vilken typ av lärarstöd avseende Mathematical Knowledge of Teaching (MKT) lärarhandledningar till Favorit matematik 3A och Rik matematik 3A. Vi analyserar vilket stöd som lärarhandledningarna ger till lärare i områdena addition och subtraktion för årskurs 3. Analysen utgår från MKT:s analysmodell med stöd av fyra utvalda kategorier: Common Content Knowledge, Subject Matter Knowledge, Knowledge of Content and Students, Knowledge of Content and Teaching och Knowledge of Content and Curriculum. En komparativ analys genomfördes med MKT som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultatet visar på att lärarhandledningarna innehåller stöd till läraren i addition och subtraktion och delar av MKT. Lärarhandledningarna ger stöd till lärarna vid planering av undervisning, begreppsanvändning i undervisning, olika undervisningsmetoder, nivåökning av kapitel och hur läraren ges kunskap om materialet. Lärarhandledningarnas struktur förmedlar stödet på ett varierande sätt vilket också synliggör likheter och skillnader om de delar av MKT som lärarhandledningarna inte innehåller. / This study examines whether and what type of teacher support regarding Mathematical knowledge of teaching (MKT) contains teacher guides for Favorite Mathematics 3A and Rich Mathematics 3A. We analyze the support of teacher guides provide to teachers in the areas of addition and subtraction for year 3. The analysis is based on MKT's analysis model with the support of four selected categories; Common Content Knowledge, Subject Matter Knowledge, Knowledge of Content and Students, Knowledge of Content and Teaching and Knowledge of Content and Curriculum. A comparative analysis was performed with MKT as the theoretical framework. The results prove that the teacher guides contain support for the teacher in addition and subtraction and parts of MKT. The teacher guides provide support to the teachers when planning teaching, use of concepts in teaching, different teaching methods, level increase of chapters and how the teacher is given knowledge of the material. The structure of the teacher guides the support in a varying way, which also highlights similarities and differences about the parts of MKT that the teacher guides do not contain.

Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Analyse von Kinderaufsätzen, die 10- bis 12-Jährige über ihre Lieblingsfilme verfasst haben. Der Schwerpunkt der Analyse liegt auf einer Genderperspektive: Welche Identifikationsfiguren, Themen und Interessen von Mädchen und Buben bilden sich in den Aufsätzen ab? Wie gehen die Kinder mit Geschlechterstereotypen um? Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein hohes Maß an Facettenreichtum und Individualität in den Aufsätzen – über die Geschlechtergruppen hinweg. Manche Tendenzen und Muster zeichnen sich in der einen Geschlechtergruppe stärker ab als in der anderen, augenfällige Unterschiede liegen mit wenigen Ausnahmen im untersuchten Sample aber nicht vor. Auch auf Geschlechterstereotype greifen die Kinder beim Schreiben nur selten zurück.

Cookbooks have a unique ability to record women.s history, both private and public. Cookbooks transmit not only instructions for preparing specific dishes, but also the values of class, race and gender of the times and places in which they are created. This study will focus on several such cookbooks produced by Louisiana women in the mid-twentieth century, from the 1930s to the 1970s. Different though these works are, they collectively demonstrate that the best cookbook authors are purveyors not only of recipes, but also of class values, ethnic relations and folklore, and gender models that one generation of women endeavors to transmit to the next. Most important, this study will argue that these cookbooks provide a rich and penetrating insight into the class structure in rural Louisiana, race and accomplishment in an era of segregation, and the role of gender in domestic and professional occupation.

This dissertation consists of five articles about economics of sports. The first three articles investigate various types of outcome uncertainty and how they relate to match attendance demand, while the remaining two articles test the efficiency of sports betting markets. The first article presents a new method of calculating match importance. Unlike the previous approaches in the literature, it does not require ex-post information and can be used for any type of season outcome. The second article shows that the additional playoff stage in the Czech ice hockey "Extraliga" lowers the probability of the strongest team becoming a champion and thus increases seasonal uncertainty. The third article demonstrates that the inconsistent findings in the literature about the link between match uncertainty and attendance could be explained by wrongly specified regressions, proposes a new approach to analyzing the effect of match uncertainty and shows that attendance demand is maximized if teams of the same quality play against each other. The fourth article examines the favorite-longshot bias in the context of betting on tennis matches. It shows that the favorite-longshot bias pattern is consistent with bookmakers protecting themselves against both better informed insiders and the general public exploiting new information. The fifth article investigates the supposedly profitable strategy of betting on soccer draws using the Fibonacci sequence. The strategy is tested both in a simulated market and on a real data set and found to lose money.