“LA NECESIDAD DE UN REGLAMENTO PARA NOTARIOS DE FE PÚBLICA “ implica mecanismos jurídico-sociales que permitan garantizar la actividad del notario en función a la fe pública, ya que existe una ambigüedad en el Reglamento de Procesos Disciplinarios del Poder Judicial, tomando en cuenta que esta normativa no regula de forma específica los actos o las faltas en la que incurren los notarios en el ejercicio de sus funciones. La Fe Pública, entendida como la garantía que otorga el Estado a la sociedad se ve afectado, puesto que la sociedad ha perdido la confianza en el sistema de justicia boliviano y por consiguiente en las instituciones que se encuentran bajo su tuición. Sin embargo, el notario realiza actos contrarios al ordenamiento jurídico del cual se desprenden responsabilidades disciplinarias, independientemente de las responsabilidades civiles y penales; toda vez que el Régimen de Faltas y Sanciones esta orientado exclusivamente a la función jurisdiccional, de modo que los notarios no ejercen jurisdicción, mas bien desempeñan la Función Notarial que no es dirimitoria, sino más bien autenticadora; donde la falta de una reglamentación respecto a la función notarial hace que la Unidad de Régimen Disciplinario desarrolle su labor en función a la analogía, En merito a ello y tomando en cuenta que el país esta sufriendo cambios, es menester adecuar las actuaciones de los notarios que van en desmedro de la sociedad y el Órgano Judicial a una reglamentación que regule tales actos en procura de garantizar la seguridad jurídica al que todas las personas tienen derecho. En ese contexto, el tema propuesto sobre la necesidad de un reglamento de faltas y sanciones para los Notarios de Fe Pública, permitirá luchar contra la ambigüedad y vacíos jurídicos que existe en el Reglamento de Procesos Disciplinarios y a la vez regular las faltas en las que a diario incurren los Notarios de fe Pública.

Classically 13% Cr is required for stable passivity of steel in acidic and neutral solutions. Some authors (Mansfeld, Fujimoto) have published potential cycling procedures that generate thick Cr-rich films. Fujimoto cycles right to the transpassivity potential and back in H2SO4 solution. Our idea is to work close to the reactivation potential where the passive film (Fe2O3) is reductively dissolved to Fe2+. While using an equimolar acetate buffer (pH 4.7), we have obtained new insights into the reactivation process. It is under a kind of thermodynamic control, in that the film cannot be reduced, and the metal cannot be dissolved, faster than would exceed the equilibrium concentration of Fe2+ at the electrode surface. Reductive dissolution leads to gel-like Cr-rich film, but Fe dissolution occurs through it, if formed in a single step. However alternating formation and reductive dissolution of a Fe-rich film assist the formation of a more robust Cr-rich film

Classically 13% Cr is required for stable passivity of steel in acidic and neutral solutions. Some authors (Mansfeld, Fujimoto) have published potential cycling procedures that generate thick Cr-rich films. Fujimoto cycles right to the transpassivity potential and back in H2SO4 solution. Our idea is to work close to the reactivation potential where the passive film (Fe2O3) is reductively dissolved to Fe2+. While using an equimolar acetate buffer (pH 4.7), we have obtained new insights into the reactivation process. It is under a kind of thermodynamic control, in that the film cannot be reduced, and the metal cannot be dissolved, faster than would exceed the equilibrium concentration of Fe2+ at the electrode surface. Reductive dissolution leads to gel-like Cr-rich film, but Fe dissolution occurs through it, if formed in a single step. However alternating formation and reductive dissolution of a Fe-rich film assist the formation of a more robust Cr-rich film

No description available.

The objective of this thesis project was to compare the stress behaviour in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with FE analyses in both 2D and 3D. The main focus was to analyse the vertical stresses in the topcoat (TC) and how they varied in relation to different thicknesses of the thermally grown oxide (TGO), spraying methods of the bondcoat (BC) and the topography of the BC. For the 2D simulations six samples were used; three with BCs sprayed with high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying and three sprayed with atmospheric plasma spraying. The samples had been exposed to isothermal heat treatment at 1150 °C for 0, 100 and 200 hours. Five images of each sample were taken with a scanning electron microscope, resulting in a total of 30 images. FE simulations based on these 30 images were done simulating a cooling from 1100 °C to 100 °C. The 3D simulations were based on surfaces created from coordinates measured with stripe projection technique on three samples consisting of only substrate and BC. Three domains of each sample had been measured and three CAD models based on randomly selected surfaces of each domain were made, resulting in 27 CAD models. The CAD models were used in the 3D FE simulations also simulating a cooling from 1100 °C to 100 °C. The results showed that the 2D simulations corresponds to published assertions about a stress inversion after TGO growth and that cracking will propagate from one peak to another, presuming the roughness of the TGO can be expressed as a wave. No conclusions of differences between spraying methods of the BC could be drawn. The stress inversion phenomenon was also found in the 3D simulations. By inspecting the TGO/TC-interface profile in different sections of a 3D model, difficulties in predicting the stress behaviour in a TBC with 2D were explained. No differences in stresses in relation to the BC roughness could be stated.

Fordonsindustrin strävar efter ständiga förbättringar på transmissionssystem inom exempelvis hållfasthet och viktminskning. För att reducera vikten på växellådshuset (VE15) har alternativ till det befintliga skruvförbandet granskats. Målet med examensarbetet var att välja två olika fogningsmetoder, en inom svetsning och en inom limning. De valda fogningsmetoderna jämfördes med det befintliga skruvförbandet utifrån bland annat viktminskningspotential och hållfasthet. Information inom svetsning, limning, skruvförband och aluminium införskaffades med hjälp av kvalificerade databaser, vetenskapliga artiklar samt rådfrågning av sakkunniga inom respektive område. Utifrån de valda fogningsmetoderna, friktionsomrörningssvetsning (FSW) och epoxi, idégenererades utformning av flänsen. Vid användning av FSW som fogningsmetod reducerades vikten på VE15 med 13,7 % och med epoxi var viktminskningen 25,5 %, i jämförelse med skruvförbandet. Då mekaniken i växellådan genererar krafter på flänsen är hållfasthetsegenskaper hos fogningsmetoderna viktiga. Epoxi, FSW och skruvförbandet klarar belastningarna med god marginal. Med avseende på bland annat hållfasthet, vikt och miljö/hälsopåverkan valdes FSW som potentiell ersättare av skruvförbandet på VE15. Valet utfördes med en konceptvägningsmatris.

The growing interest in increasing the wear resistance and hardness of surfaces that are in contact with abrasives or corrosive materials has inspired the development of several processes for creating protective coatings. In-situ laser cladding is one of the most promising of these processes. It enables the formation of a uniform coating by melting powder to form the desired composition from a pure powder component. In this research, pure Ti, graphite, and Fe are used for in-situ laser cladding on a steel substrate to form an Fe-TiC metal matrix composite (MMC). The effect of laser parameters on both the quality of the bonding and morphology of the in-situ-formed TiC iron-based composite clad are investigated. Results show that laser parameters play a crucial role in determining the clad quality and clad microstructure. Two combined parameters, effective energy and powder deposition density, are used to study the effect of laser parameters (i.e., laser power, scan speed and powder feed rate) on the clad properties. While results indicate that combined parameters help to determine the quality limit, laser process parameters need to be taken into account in order to study the clad microstructure. To increase the clad hardness and TiC volume fraction, C:Ti atomic ratio should increase from 45:55 to 55:45, and Fe percentages in the powder composition should decrease from 70 wt% to the 10 wt%. By varying the powder composition, a change in TiC morphology, clad microstructure and clad hardness occurs. The dilution effect is also considered in the interpretation of results. In order to estimate wear resistance, the ASTM G65-A procedure was selected to perform tests on various clad compositions. An increased wear resistance is seen when the volume fraction of TiC is increased.

Friction stir processing (FSP) was applied to produce aluminum based in situ composites from powder mixtures of Al-Fe, Al-Mo, and Al-Fe2O3. Billet of powder mixtures was prepared by the use of conventional pressing and sintering route. The sintered billet was then subjected to multiple passages of FSP. During FSP, the material has experienced both high temperature and very large plastic strain. The basic idea for fabricating the composites is to combine the hot working nature of friction stir processing (FSP) and the exothermic reaction between aluminum and transition metals (Al-Fe, Al-Mo) or metal oxides (Al-Fe2O3). In the Al-Fe alloy, in situ Al¡VFe reaction can be induced during FSP and form Al-Al13Fe4 composite. The size of reinforcing particles formed by the in-situ reaction is ~100 nm. In Al-Mo alloys, fine Al-Mo intermetallic particles with an average size of ~200 nm were formed and uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix by FSP. The Al-Mo intermetallic particles were identified mainly as Al12Mo with minor amount of Al5Mo. The exothermic reaction could result in local melting of Al at the Al/TM interface, and the liquid Al may accelerate the reaction. In addition, it is suggested that the critical mechanism responsible for the rapid reaction and the formation of nanometer sized particles in FSP is the effective removal of the Al-TM intermetallic phase from the Al-TM interface, maintaining an intimate contact between TM and Al. In the Al-Fe2O3 system, the reactions taking place during FSP includes the thermite reaction (2Al +Fe2O3 ¡÷ Al2O3 + 2Fe), and the reaction between the reduced Fe and Al to form Al13Fe4. In the FSPed Al-Fe2O3 specimens, there are two types of second phase particles, Al13Fe4 and Al2O3. The Al2O3 particles (about 10 nm in size) usually appear as a cluster of 100-200 nm in diameter. There are two types of Al2O3 phases existed in the Al matrix after FSP passes, depending on the content of Fe2O3. One is £^-Al2O3 in Al-2Fe2O3 specimens, and the other is £\-Al2O3 in Al-4Fe2O3 specimens. It is suggested that the formation of different type of Al2O3 particles in the Al-Fe2O3 composites may be attributed to different heat release in each system. The lower heat release in Al-2Fe2O3 sample favors the formation of the while the higher heat release in Al-4Fe2O3 sample results in the £\-Al2O3. The Al-Al13Fe4/Al2O3 composite produced by FSP exhibits both high strength and good tensile ductility. The higher strength in Al-Fe2O3 specimen may be due to the presence of fine Al2O3 particles. The flow stress of the Al-4Fe2O3 composite can maintain at 100 MPa even at 773 K. The good thermal stability and high temperature strength of Al-Al13Fe4/Al2O3 composites could be attributed to the fine dispersion of second phase particles in the aluminum matrix, especially the nanometric Al2O3 particles. These Al2O3 particles are very stable at elevated temperatures, even after long time exposure at 873 K. The temperature excursion in FSP is determined by both the FSP parameters and the exothermic reaction involved. The peak temperature in Al-Fe or Al-Fe2O3 system during FSP was calculated as a function of the fraction of Fe or Fe2O3 reacted. Based on calculated results, it is noted that with the in situ reaction, the value of can easily reach the melting point of Al, especially for the Al-Fe2O3 system. The reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution during FSP are discussed.

In our earlier research, we found the MOKE signal incident from 45 degree would cause perpendicular signal to couple with the longitudinal one. To distinguish the signal from one to another, we arranged 45 degree and 0 degree optical setup for the measurement of longitudinal and perpendicular respectively. However, hysteresis loops are only observed in the longitudinal direction. To measure smaller signal in our experiment, we reduced the noise level by one order and thus improved the signal to noise ratio. It¡¦s ten times better then previous result. Under smaller signal or worse S/N ratio condition, we still measured the MOKE signal. In order to quantitatively analyze the current-induced field, we made a metal coil and try to measure the bias produced by the field. And we injected the reverse current-induced field, , try to counteract the bias of hysteresis loop which is induced by sample current. Besides, we also dosed oxygen on the sample and measured the MOKE signal. There was no change comparing with which is measured in gas-free condition. But we found the coercivity became larger after annealing to 300K, and the current-induced bias in oxygen become smaller.

This study focuses on the design, fabrication, test and application of in-plane rotary electromagnetic micro-generator to obtain a high power output. The micro-generator comprises multilayer planar low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) Ag micro-coil and multipole hard magnet of Nd/Fe/B. Finite element simulations have been carried out to observe electromagnetic information. The study also establishes analytical solutions for the micro-generator to predict the induced voltage. Three different configurations of planar micro-coils investigated, which are sector-shaped, circle-shaped, and square-shaped micro-coils. A prototype of the micro-generator is as small as 9¡Ñ9¡Ñ1 mm3 in volume size. The experimental results show that the micro-generator with sector-shaped micro-coil has the highest power output of 1.89 mW, and the effective value of the induced voltage of 205.7 mV at 13,325 rpm is achieved. In application, this study designed and fabricated a planar rotary electromagnetic energy harvester with a low rotary speed for use in bicycle dynamos. Finite element analysis and the Taguchi method were used to design this dynamo system. LTCC technology was applied to fabricate Ag planar multilayer coils with 20 layers. A 28-pole magnet Nd/Fe/B with an outer diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was also sintered and magnetized. This harvester system was approximately 50¡Ñ50¡Ñ3 mm3 in volume. The experimentally induced voltages for 20-layer coils were 1.539 V at the rotary speeds of 300 rpm. The power output was 0.788 mW with an external resistance load of 740 £[, and the efficiency was 26.62%. This harvester is capable of powering a minimum of 200 light emitted diodes (LEDs) (forward voltage (VF) <2.2 V and 20 mA) using a rotary speed of 250 rpm, and can be used for bicycle dynamo lighting.