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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Příprava a charakterizace pokročilých žárově stříkaných povlaků na hořčíkových slitinách / Preparation and Characterization of Advanced Thermally-sprayed Coatings on Magnesium Alloys

Buchtík, Martin January 2020 (has links)
The proposed dissertation thesis deals with the characterization of HVOF and APS-thermally sprayed coatings prepared on the AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium substrates. The theoretical part of the thesis describes in-detail Mg substrates used in the experimental part of the thesis. There are also characterized materials and coatings based on NiCrAlY and FeCrNiMoSiC metals, WC-CoCr cermets, and YSZ ceramic materials. At the end of the theoretical part, the literary research summarizing the characterization and analysis performed on thermally sprayed coatings on Mg alloys. Based on the theoretical knowledge, the characterization of Mg substrates and deposited coatings was performed in terms of the surface morphology, microstructure, and the chemical composition using the light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM+EDS). The phase composition of the coatings was analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffractions corresponding to the sprayed coatings were compared with the feedstock powders, i.e. materials used for the spraying of the coatings. The characterization of the prepared coatings in terms of the mechanical and tribological properties was performed. The hardness and microhardness of the coatings as well as the coefficient of friction, and the wear rate were measured. The last chapter of the experimental part deals with the evaluation of the electrochemical corrosion properties by the potentiodynamic measurements in a 3.5% NaCl solution. In the case of exposed samples, the evaluation of the surface and coating/substrate interface was performed using LM and SEM with EDS. The mechanism of the corrosion attack and degradation was determined from the acquired knowledge and base on the results of the short-term measurements. Based on the measured results, it can be stated that the deposited coatings were successfully applied on the surface of both Mg alloys. All the coatings increase the surface hardness of the Mg alloys and significantly improve their tribological properties. However, except for FeCrNiMoSiC coatings, the corrosion properties of Mg alloys deteriorate due to the fact that the corrosion environment can pass through the coating to the less noble Mg substrate and the corrosion microcells are created.
22

Corrosion Behaviour of Advanced Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

Gostin, Petre Flaviu 08 April 2011 (has links)
Early developed non-bulk Fe-based glasses, e.g. Fe-Cr(-Mo)-metalloid(s), exhibit extraordinary corrosion resistance, but low glass formation ability (GFA). Newly developed bulk glass-forming Fe-based alloys have on the contrary high GFA, but also very different compositions and therefore their corrosion behaviour is expectedly not similar. Fundamental investigations regarding corrosion behaviour were performed for one of the most prominent bulk glassy alloy, namely (Fe44.3Cr5Co5Mo12.8Mn11.2C15.8B5.9)98.5Y1.5. Particularly, the free corrosion and the anodic polarization behaviour, the passivation ability and the pitting susceptibility have been assessed in electrolytes with varying pH values and anion species concentrations. Due to its monolithic single phase microstructure this alloy has a much lower corrosion rate in acids than a two-phase conventional steel (DIN X210Cr12) with much higher content of passivating Cr, i.e. 11.4 at. %. However, the high concentration of electrochemically active Mn and B as well as the unfavourably high Mo to Cr concentration ratio determine a higher corrosion rate of this bulk glassy alloy in strong alkalis and also a very poor passivation ability in acids. On the contrary, the high content of Mo has a positive influence on the pitting resistance by inhibiting very effectively the propagation of pits occurring at Y2O3 inclusions. Detailed microscopic analysis investigations by HRSEM and in-situ AFM revealed the formation of characteristic morphological features at the micro- and nanometre scale on the surface of samples exposed to acidic solutions. These were explained by selective dissolution of active elements, e.g. Mn, B. This study demonstrated the necessity to investigate the corrosion properties of newly developed bulk glass-forming Fe-based alloys – they are not per-se highly corrosion resistant, but their corrosion behaviour depends on their particular chemical composition. / Früh entwickelte, nicht-massive amorphe Eisenbasislegierungen, z.B. Fe-Cr(-Mo)-Metalloid(e), zeigen bemerkenswerte Korrosionsbeständigkeit, aber niedrige Glasbildungsfähigkeit (englisch: glass-forming ability, GFA). Neu entwickelte massiv-glasbildende Eisenbasislegierungen haben im Gegenteil eine höhere GFA, aber auch sehr unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen und deshalb ist ihr Korrosionverhalten ist wie zu erwarten nicht änlich. Grundlegende Untersuchungen des Korrosionsverhaltens einer der bekanntesten massiven amophen Legierung, nämlich (Fe44.3Cr5Co5Mo12.8Mn11.2C15.8B5.9)98.5Y1.5, wurden vorgenommen. Insbesondere wurde das Augenmerk auf das freie Korrosions- und das anodische Polarisationsverhalten, die Passivierungseigenschaften und die Anfälligkeit gegenüber Lochfraß in Elektrolyten mit verschiedenen pH-Werten und Anionenkonzentrationen gerichtet. Aufgrund ihres einphasig monolitischen Gefüges zeigt diese Legierung in Säuren eine viel niedrigere Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit als die eines zweiphasigen herkömmlichen Stahls (DIN X210Cr12) mit viel höherem Gehalt an passivierendem Cr, d.h. 11.4 at.%. Der höhere Gehalt an electrochemisch aktivem Mn und B sowie das nachteilige Verhältnis von Mo zu Cr Konzentration sind für eine höhere Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit dieser massiven amorphen Legierung in konzentrierten Alkalien sowie eine geringere Passivierungsfähigkeit in Säuren verantwortlich. Der hohe Gehalt an Mo hat jedoch einen positiven Einfluss auf die Lochfraßbeständigkeit – er hindert sehr wirksam das Wachstum der an Y2O3-Einschlüssen gebildeten Löcher. Detaillierte mikroskopische Untersuchungen durch HRSEM und in-situ AFM zeigten die Bildung charakteristischer Morphologien im Mikrometer- und Nanometerbereich auf der Oberfläche von Proben, die starken Säure ausgesetzt waren. Dieses wurde durch selektive Auflösung aktiver Elemente, z.B. Mn, B, erklärt. Diese Arbeit unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, die Korrosionseigenschaften der neu entwickelten, massivglasbildenden Eisenbasislegierungen zu untersuchen – diese sind nicht per-se „hochkorrosionsbeständig“, stattdessen hängt ihr Korrosionsverhalten vielmehr von ihrer besonderen chemischen Zusammensetzung ab.
23

The Effect Of Sub Tx Heat Treatments On The Magnetic Properties Of An Fe-based Bulk Metallic Glass

Jakob, Grunditz January 2022 (has links)
Metallic glasses produced with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) often contain internal mechanic stress. This internal stress can have an impact on the magnetic properties of the material due to its connection to the magnetic anisotropy of the material. Therefore the effect of different heat treatments aimed to reduce the effect of internal stress on the magnetic properties of an Fe-based Metallic Glass (MG) and how this relates to the crystallization of the material was examined in this project. The magnetic properties were measured with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and the Longitudinal Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (L-MOKE) and structural changes to the material from the heat treatments, such as crystallization, was examined with X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) before and after heat treatment. From the measurements we found that heat treatments close to and above the crystallization temperature Tx lead to crystallization and a decrease in magnetic saturation MS. Heat treatments below Tx around 430°C showed a smaller reduction in MS but did not show any crystallization. The measurements with L-MOKE showed no consistent change in coercivity so no conclusion could be drawn from these. / Metallglas som tillverkats med den additiva tillverkningstekniken Selective Laser Melting (SLM) innehåller ofta interna mekaniska spänningar. Dessa spänningar kan på grund av deras koppling till materialets magnetiska anisotropi ha en påverkan på materialets magnetiska egenskaper. I detta projekt har därför effekten av olika värmebehandlingar utförda för att minska de interna spänningarnas påverkan på de magnetiska egenskaperna av ett Fe-baserad metallglas och hur detta relaterar till kristalliseringen av materialet undersökts. De magnetiska egenskaperna av materialet mättes med en Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) och Longitudinal Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (L-MOKE). Strukturella förändringar, så som kristallisering, hos materialet orsakade värmebehandlingarna undersöktes med X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Samtliga mätningar genomfördes före och efter värmebehandling. Från mätningarna fann vi att värmebehandlingar nära kristalliseringstemperaturen Tx gav kristalltillväxt samt minskade mättnadsmagnetisering MS. Värmebehandlingar under Tx runt 430°C gav en lägre reducering av MS samt gav ej någon kristalltillväxt. L-MOKE-mätningarna gav ingen konsekvent förändring i materialets koercivitet och inga slutsatser kunde därmed dras från dessa.
24

Catalytic Conversion of Undesired Organic Compounds to Syngas in Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Applications

H. Moud, Pouya January 2017 (has links)
Reliable energy supply is a major concern and crucial for development of the global society. To address the dependency on fossil fuel and the negative effects of this reliance on climate, there is a need for a transition to cleaner sources. An attractive solution for replacing fossil-based products is renewable substitutes produced from biomass. Gasification and pyrolysis are two promising thermochemical conversion technologies, facing challenges before large-scale commercialization becomes viable. In case of biomass gasification, tar is often and undesired by-product. An attractive option to convert tar into syngas is nickel-based catalytic steam reforming (SR). For biomass pyrolysis, catalytic SR is in early stages of investigation as a feasible option for bio-crude conversion to syngas. The focus of the thesis is partly dedicated to describe research aimed at increasing the knowledge around tar reforming mechanisms and effect of biomass-derived impurities on Ni-based tar reforming catalyst downstream of gasifiers. The work focuses on better understanding of gas-phase alkali interaction with Ni-based catalyst surface under realistic conditions. A methodology was successfully developed to enable controlled investigation of the combined sulfur (S) and potassium (K) interaction with the catalyst. The most striking result was that K appears to lower the sulfur coverage and increases methane and tar reforming activity. Additionally, the results obtained in the atomistic investigations are discussed in terms of naphthalene adsorption, dehydrogenation and carbon passivation of nickel. Furthermore, the thesis describes research performed on pyrolysis gas pre-conditioning at a small-industrial scale, using an iron-based catalyst. Findings showed that Fe-based materials are potential candidates for application in a pyrolysis gas pre-conditioning step before further treatment or use, and a way for generating a hydrogen-enriched gas without the need for bio-crude condensation. / Tillförlitlig energiförsörjning är en stor utmaning och avgörande för utvecklingen av det globala samhället. För att ta möta beroendet av fossil råvara och de negativa effekter som detta beroende medför för klimatet finns ett stort behov av en övergång till renare energiråvaror. En attraktiv lösning är att ersätta nuvarande fossil råvara med produkter från biomassa. Förgasning och pyrolys är två lovande teknologier för termokemisk omvandling av biomassa. Kommersialisering av dessa teknologier är inte helt problemfritt. I fallet förgasning så behöver, bl.a. oönskade tyngre kolväten (tjära) hanteras innan den producerade orenade produktgasen kan användas i syntesgastillämpningar. Ett effektivt alternativ för detta är gaskonditionering vid höga temperaturer, baserade på katalytisk ångreformering med en nickelkatalysator. Katalytisk ångreformering är en möjlig teknik för omvandling av bioråvara, producerad från pyrolys av biomassa, till syntesgas. Avhandlingen fokuserar delvis på att beskriva den forskning som utförts för att öka kunskapen kring mekanismer för tjärreformering och effekterna av föroreningar från biomassan på en nickelkatalysator nedströms förgasare. Arbetet bidrar till en bättre förståelse av hur alkali i form av kalium (K) i gasfasen upptas, jämviktas och växelverkar med ytan hos nickelkatalysatorn under fullt realistiska förhållanden. Inledningsvis utvecklades en metod för att möjliggöra kontrollerade studier av den kombinerade effekten av S och K, vilken inkluderar exakt dosering av alkali till en produktgas, eliminering av transienter i katalysatoraktiviteten samt katalysatorkarakterisering. Det mest lovande resultatet är att K både sänker ytans svavelinnehåll och ökar aktiviteten för omvandlingen av metan och tjära. För att ytterligare fördjupa kunskaperna i mekanismerna för tjärnedbrytning utfördes experimentella och teoretiska ytstudier på en enkristallnickelyta med naftalen som modellförening. Resultat avseende naftalenadsorption, dehydrogenering av naftalen och kolpassivering av nickelytan diskuteras. Därutöver så beskriver avhandlingen den forskning som utförts inom förkonditionering av pyrolysgas med en järnkatalysator för varsam deoxygenering av biooljan och vätgasproduktion. Detta utfördes vid en småskalig industriell anläggning. De experimentella studierna visar att den undersökta järnkatalysatorn resulterar i en vätgasberikad gas och att den är en potentiell kandidat för tillämpning i ett förkonditioneringssteg. / <p>QC 20170830</p>

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