This thesis aims to analyse several translations of J.D. Salinger's short story A Perfect Day for Bananafish: namely two translations and two edited versions of the latter one. The contrastive view is used to discern the main differences in meaning of the original and the translated texts. There are several points of view adopted to recognise the differences. On the syntactic level, the contrast between the texts was found to be present in the treatment of the author's style, predominantly in the narrative perspective. Not employing nominal structures a great deal, the author's style was not lost in the translation process. Comparing the translated texts, a tendency to adhere to the syntactic surface structure of the original text was found in the less recent versions. Another level of analysis explored the temporal relations of the texts, with the original text relying mostly on structures expressing sequences of events and also simultaneity of events, but not the perfective aspect to a great degree. These time relations are also found to be communicated in the translated texts successfully. It is not only the narrator that is discussed in this thesis, as a great portion of the short story consist of dialogues. The analysis aimed, using certain excerpts of the story, to find to what degree...

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da tradução para a língua inglesa de textos dos tipos release jornalístico e questionário, relativos ao Censo Demográfico 2010 e disponibilizados no website do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), com ênfase nas soluções tradutórias dadas aos vocábulos considerados marcadores culturais, pertencentes aos domínios da cultura ecológica, ideológica, material e social (AUBERT, 1981, 2006). Tomando como arcabouço teórico os Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (ETBC) (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), fundamentos da Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2000, 2004), e fazendo uso do programa WordSmith Tools, foram analisadas as soluções adotadas, à luz das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (1998), e identificados traços característicos da linguagem da tradução (BAKER, 1996), a saber: explicitação, normalização e simplificação, no corpus traduzido. Também foram feitas comparações com corpora de mesma temática formados por textos originalmente escritos em inglês e obtidos dos websites dos institutos internacionais US Census Bureau e Statistics Canada. Os resultados apontam os domínios da cultura social e ideológica como os mais e os menos frequentes, respectivamente, nas traduções. Os marcadores de maior chavicidade foram indígenas, nos releases, e município, no questionário. Quanto às modalidades, as mais recorrentes nos textos analisados foram: omissão, tradução literal, modulação e transposição. Dada a reduzida presença das características da tradução no questionário, este aspecto foi analisado a partir de exemplos dos releases, apenas, sendo a explicitação a marca menos observada, e a normalização, a característica mais presente nos textos. A comparação com os corpora dos institutos internacionais supracitados evidenciou a existência de três palavras-chave coincidentes nos releases census, population e household(s) e de apenas uma palavra-chave no caso do questionário person(s). As opções tradutórias adotadas para os marcadores culturais no texto do IBGE não foram encontradas nos corpora comparáveis. / This is a study of the translation into English of texts about the 2010 Population Census news releases and a questionnaire available from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) website, with a focus on the translation of the words considered cultural markers, according to Auberts classification (1981, 2006) into ecological, ideological, social and material cultural domains. Having Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CTS) (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007) and fundamentals of Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2000, 2004) as its theoretical framework, and based on results provided by the software WordSmith Tools, this research study presents an analysis of the translations of cultural markers according to the concept of translation modalities (AUBERT, 1998), and investigates the occurrence of features of translation (BAKER, 1996): explicitation, normalization and simplification, in the translated corpus. Furthermore, it provides comparisons made with additional corpora about the same topic, formed by texts originally written in English, available from the websites of two international agencies: Us Census Bureau and Statistics Canada. The results show that the social and ideological cultural domains are, respectively, the most and the least common in the translations. The words indígenas, found in the releases, and munícípio, in the questionnaire, had the highest keyness values among the cultural markers analyzed. As for translation modalities, the most recurrent ones in the texts were: omission, literal translation, modulation and transposition. Considering the reduced number of translation features in the questionnaire, that aspect was analyzed in examples taken from the releases, only. In those texts, explicitation and normalization were, respectively, the least and most commonly observed features. The comparison between the IBGE corpus and the ones from the aforementioned agencies revealed that three key-words were found repeated in the releases from the three institutes census, population and household(s) versus only one key-word in the case of the questionnaire person(s). The words used to translate the cultural markers in the texts produced by the IBGE were not found in the comparable corpora.

Российские военные вузы, отвечая требованиям современного высшего образования, активно интегрируются в мировое образовательное сообщество. Одним из важных направлений военно-технического сотрудничества России с зарубежными странами является профессиональная подготовка иностранных военнослужащих в российских военных вузах. В последние годы в ходе реформирования военного образования доля иностранных курсантов в российских военных вузах значительно возросла. Этому способствует и тот факт, что российское военное образование является престижным в ряде стран-союзников. Соответственно, возрастает ответственность российского образования за качество образовательных услуг, оказываемых иностранным гражданам, обучающимся в военных вузах. В работе рассматривается проблема построения коммуникаций иностранными курсантами в ходе обучения в российских вузах на краткосрочных программах повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки. На примере военнослужащих Вьетнама введено понятие коммуникаций и способы их формирования в процессе обучения; выделены особенности этнического сознания представителей европейских и азиатских культур; определены особенности профессиональной направленности курсантов военного вуза; учтены особенности изменения приоритетов в изучении вьетнамскими учащимися русского зыка, выделены характеристики и виды перевода, которые используется в образовательном процессе иностранных курсантов переводчиком; определены особенности составления глоссариев для курсантов из азиатских стран, обучающихся в России. Результат работы представлен в виде трехъязычного переводного глоссария. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью упрощения процесса построения коммуникаций между преподавателем и «студентом-иностранцем»; отсутствием структуризации таких материалов, требующих перевода в рамках работы с учебной группой, и трехъязычных глоссариев на русском, английском и вьетнамском языках по конкретному направлению обучения. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в проведенном исследовании терминологии и разработке глоссария, с описанием последовательного алгоритма работы над его составлением. / Russian military universities, meeting the requirements of modern higher education, are actively integrating into the world educational community. One of the important areas of military-technical cooperation between Russia and foreign countries is the professional training of foreign servicemen in Russian military universities. In recent years, in the course of reforming military education, the proportion of foreign cadets in Russian military universities has increased significantly. This is facilitated by the fact that Russian military education is prestigious in a number of allied countries. Accordingly, the responsibility of Russian education for the quality of educational services provided to foreign citizens studying in military universities is growing. The paper deals with the problem of building communications by foreign cadets while training in Russian universities on short-term programs for advanced training and professional retraining. On the example of Vietnamese military personnel, the concept of communications and methods of their formation in the learning process are introduced; the features of the ethnic consciousness of representatives of European and Asian cultures are highlighted; the features of the professional orientation of cadets of a military university are determined; the features of changing priorities in the study of the Russian language by Vietnamese students are taken into account, the characteristics and types of translation that are used in the educational process of foreign cadets by an interpreter are highlighted; the features of compiling glossaries for cadets from Asian countries studying in Russia are determined. The result of the work is presented in the form of a trilingual translated glossary. The relevance of the study is due to the need to simplify the process of building communications between a teacher and a “foreign student”; the lack of structuring of such materials that require translation as part of the work with the study group, and trilingual glossaries in Russian, English and Vietnamese for a specific area of study. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the study of terminology and the development of a glossary, with a description of a consistent algorithm for working on its compilation.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено изучению методов обучения переводу в контексте делового английского языка. Работа включает в себя теоретический аспект с последующим его применением на практике. Экспериментальная часть исследования посвящена апробации традиционных и инновационных методов обучения переводу среди студентов. / The dissertation research is devoted to the study of methods of teaching translation in the context of business English. The work includes a theoretical aspect with its subsequent application in practice. The experimental part of the study is devoted to testing traditional and innovative methods of teaching translation among students.