本研究旨在探討大學女生「關係」的發展與轉變，為了能更貼近受訪者的主觀經驗、真實面貌，本研究採用質性研究中的現象學取向，並以深度訪談的資料蒐集方式，訪談兩位大學後期的女生，以深入瞭解「關係」對於青少年晚期女性個體化過程的影響，與過程中親子關係的歷程變化。 本研究發現，對於大學女生而言，良好的關係將會促使其朝向親密的人我關係發展，而她們的關係也將呈現出由「廣」變「窄」、由「淺」入「深」的變化。此外，相較於傳統個體化所強調的獨立自主，女性的個體化似乎意味著一種重視與他人的連結卻不會失去自己的親密關係，而透過「溫柔的發聲」--展現自己的能力在與父母理性地溝通、主動地關懷父母上，即在關係的滋養裡可以慢慢地發展出自我、並產生表達自己的行動能力，女性在關係中的此種發聲過程則可展現其動態「朝向親密」的歷程，這樣產生移動改變力量的過程似乎同時也是empowerment的展現。因此對大學女性來說，朝向親密似乎是在個體化外，另一條邁向成熟長大的路徑。 最後，根據本研究發現，提出反思與建議，以供實務工作者以及後續相關研究的參考。 關鍵字：大學女生、個體化、關係、質性研究 / The purpose of this research is to explore the development and transformation of female college students’ relationships. To further understand the participants’ subjective experiences and reality, the study adopts “phenomenology model” of qualitative research as its research method. Through the in-depth interviews with two female college students, the study tries to understand how 「relationships」 influence individualizations of female adolescents and how parent-child relationships change during the process. This research finds: for female college students, good relationships will prompt them to develop intimate self-other relationships. Besides, their relationships will arise from broad to narrow, from flat to deep. In addition, female individuation seems to imply that one can maintain a kind of intimate relationship that emphasizes the connection with others without losing oneself. The way participants express themselves in the relationships demonstrates the process of how they dynamically move toward intimacy, which at the same time is an expression of empowerment. That is to say, the participants gradually develop their selves and have the ability to express themselves through the nourishment in the relationships. Accordingly, for female college students, moving toward intimacy seems to be another way to reach maturity beside individuation. Finally, based on the findings of the study, several suggestions for guidance and further research are selected and provided. Keywords: female college students, individual, relationship, qualitative research method.

The present study examined negative life events (NLEs) and sexual assault victimization as predictors of positive and negative psychological functioning in a sample of 151 female college students. Results obtained from conducting regression analyses indicated several notable patterns. NLEs, compared with sexual assault victimization, were a stronger negative predictor of positive functioning based on indices related to subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect). Alternatively, sexual assault victimization, compared with NLEs, was a stronger positive predictor of negative functioning based on indices related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and related conditions (e.g., alcohol use). Furthermore, both NLEs and sexual assault victimization were found to be positive predictors of negative functioning based on indices related to suicide risk (e.g., depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors). Overall, our findings indicate that both NLEs and sexual assault victimization represent important and distinct predictors of psychological functioning in female college students.

Despite holding a majority of lower and middle management positions in public two-year institutions, women still hold only one-third of current community college presidencies. This study explored the gendered phenomenon of navigating the career pipeline in higher education to reach the office of community college president. The purpose of the study was to examine the educational backgrounds and career paths of recently-appointed female community college presidents, as well as the barriers and sources of support they encountered while navigating the career pipeline. A phenomenological approach was utilized for this qualitative study. Data was primarily collected using semi-structured interviews. Additional sources for data collection include reflection logs, memos, and document analysis. A modified van Kaam method of data analysis was used to code participant data and identify recurring thematic elements. These recurring thematic elements provided the foundation for individual descriptions of the phenomenon, which were later synthesized to create a composite description. Results suggest that study participants encountered three types of barriers while navigating the career pipeline in higher education: institutional, birdcage, and internal. The term “birdcage barriers” was coined here to describe scenarios in which aspiring female leaders could identify opportunities for professional growth or advancement, but were unable to access these opportunities because of situational boundaries. Findings also suggest study participants benefited from three sources of support: institutional, personal, and individual traits/strategies. Additional findings include: participants were reluctant to label gender a barrier; most of the institutional bias encountered by participants was second-generation; and, as aspiring leaders in higher education, participants required intrusive recruitment.

En los últimos años, las jóvenes universitarias vienen experimentado una mayor preocupación por el aspecto corporal que está relacionado con tener una figura esbelta. En este sentido, es importante disponer de herramientas para medir la insatisfacción que pueden tener con su aspecto corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Específicamente, evaluar la estructura interna del BSQ-14, la consistencia interna del modelo, la evidencia de validez discriminante con base en las correlaciones del puntaje promedio del BSQ-14 con una medida de mindfulness y la invarianza del modelo del BSQ-14, considerando la variable de realización de actividades físicas. Participaron 402 jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 20.05 años (DE= 18.18). Se administró una batería de pruebas que incluía el BSQ-14 y Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5). Los resultados indican que la estructura unidimensional del BSQ-14 presentó un buen ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0.962; SRMR= 0.051) y una adecuada fiabilidad por el método de consistencia interna (ω = 0.962). Asimismo, el BSQ-14 mostró correlaciones negativas con el Mindfulness y la satisfacción corporal. Se demostró que el BSQ-14 es invariante entre mujeres universitarias que realizan o no ejercicio físico. Se concluye que el estudio brinda resultados que respaldan el uso del BSQ-14 para medir la insatisfacción corporal con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana. / In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (χ² = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima. / Tesis

No description available.

In recent years several articles have been written concerning education in Bowling Green, Kentucky, but the writer has been unable to discover an article that has treated the development of education from the time Bowling Green was established until now. It is the motive of this study to trace the development of education from the time Bowling Green was established until the present time. Information for this thesis has been obtained from various sources, but the greater part of it has been secured through personal interviews, unpublished manuscripts, scrapbooks and histories.