Submitted by Renan Gomes De Pieri (renanpieri@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-04T18:59:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Renan Pieri (final).pdf: 1613774 bytes, checksum: add528ec929ae2d5c1a012e6f1ba3823 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-01-05T11:09:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Renan Pieri (final).pdf: 1613774 bytes, checksum: add528ec929ae2d5c1a012e6f1ba3823 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T12:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Renan Pieri (final).pdf: 1613774 bytes, checksum: add528ec929ae2d5c1a012e6f1ba3823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / Esta tese é constituída por três capítulos que se enquadram na área de Microeconomia Aplicada, sendo dois deles de Economia Política Aplicada e o outro de Economia da Educação. O primeiro capítulo investiga se a eleição de mulheres para a prefeitura impacta a inserção de outras mulheres no mercado político, reduzindo-se assim uma preferência pré-estabelecida pelos eleitores de não votar em mulheres. Para realizar o exercício, utiliza-se um experimento de Regressão em Descontinuidade onde explora-se eleições em que uma mulher perdeu ou ganhou por uma margem pequena de votos para um candidato homem, a ponto do gênero eleito ser aleatório. Os resultados mostram que a eleição de uma mulher tem impacto apenas em ambientes mais propícios a eleger mulheres (o que foi mensurado aqui pelo percentual de vereadoras eleitas) ou em locais onde os candidatos tinham maior qualidade (medido pela escolaridade). O segundo artigo estima o impacto da divulgação da qualidade escolar sobre a migração dos alunos entre escolas. A ideia é que ao tornar-se público o sinal de qualidade, escolas e alunos têm incentivos para se adaptarem conforme sua demanda por qualidade. Para isso, explora-se um desenho de Regressão em Descontinuidade Fuzzy devido a um dos critérios de divulgação do IDEB ser a escola ter no mínimo 20 alunos matriculados na série avaliada. Os resultados mostram que as escolas que tiveram IDEB divulgado tiveram maior migração de alunos e, em especial, de alunos em condições de vulnerabilidade. O terceiro artigo avalia a hipótese de exogeneidade da abertura comercial brasileira, promovida no final da década de 1980 e início da de 1990. Há uma vasta literatura que explora os efeitos da abertura comercial sobre o mercado de trabalho, desigualdade de renda, pobreza e crescimento econômico. Tais trabalhos consideram o processo de liberalização brasileiro como não correlacionado com as demandas de nenhum setor de atividade econômica específico, o que justificaria utilizar o período de abertura como um instrumento para lidar com endogeneidade nas estimações. Nós apresentamos evidência de que, embora não correlacionado com nenhum setor em especial, a abertura estava correlacionada com a distribuição de capital político dos governos nesse período, e pode ter funcionado como uma estratégica clara de fortalecimento político ou, pelo menos, teve o contexto político como um facilitador do processo. / This thesis includes three papers that fall in the Applied Microeconomics subject, two of them of Applied Political Economics and the other of Economics of Education. The first chapter investigates whether the election of women to the municipal government affects the political market to other women, reducing up a predetermined voters' preference of not to vote for women. To perform the exercise, I use a Regression Discontinuity experiment, which explores elections in which a woman barely lost or won by a small margin of votes, being the winner gender a random variable. Results show that the election of a woman has impact only in more favorable environments to elect female politicians (we used the percentage of elected female councilors as measure) or where there are better candidates (measured by schooling years). The second chapter estimates the impact of school quality disclosure on the migration of students between schools. The idea is that to become public the quality signal, schools and students have incentives to adapt themselves conforming their demand for quality. For this, I explore a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design for one of the IDEB's disclosure criteria be the school have at least 20 students enrolled in the evaluated series. The results show that schools that had released IDEB experienced more migration of students. This is true, in special, for students in situation of vulnerability. The second chapter analyses the exogeneity hypothesis of Brazilian trade liberalization, promoted in the late 80's and early 90's. There is a vast literature that explores the effects of trade liberalization on labor market, income inequality, poverty and economic growth. These works consider the Brazilian process of liberalization as uncorrelated with the demands of any particular economic activity sector, which would justify using the opening period as an instrument to deal with endogeneity in the estimation. We present evidence that, while not correlated with any sector, the opening was correlated with the distribution of political capital of the central government during this period, and may have acted as a clear strategic political empowerment.

隨著台灣社會對於性別平權的提倡與重視，有越來越多的女性投入職場，然而在高階領導階層的男女比例還是有明顯的差距。本研究希望以實驗法深入探討領導者在組織當中展現特定管理行為效果的性別差異，即男、女性領導者展現後效懲罰行為對部屬的影響。由於後效懲罰行為時常會伴隨生氣情緒展現，又後效懲罰與生氣情緒皆屬違反女性刻板印象行為，預期相較於男性領導者，女性領導者展現此管理行為時會受到部屬比較低的評價和工作表現。研究一透過閱讀後效懲罰短文情境並操弄領導者的性別，僅在部屬對女性領導者評價上發現些微符合預期的證據。研究二改採實際模擬互動情境，操弄領導者性別、給予的回饋並及情緒圖片，結果發現女性領導者展現後效懲罰行為時，確實較男性領導者有較低的評價及工作表現，且利用路徑分析發現內在歸因及部分正向意圖歸因的中介效果。綜合兩個研究可以凸顯女性領導者執行特定重要管理行為時所面臨的困境，並期許兩性在職場上能有更平等的發展機會。 / Despite women’s increasing worforce participation, the gender gap in organizations has not changed appreciably nowadays. Women are still underrepredented in leadership positions in Taiwan. This research reveals a delimma female leaders may face when exhibiting Contignet Punishment Behavior, which is not only an important but a counterstereotypical management behavior. Since Contignet Punishment Behavior is always accompany with anger expression, we conducted two experiments to examine whether people are biased against female leaders when they exhibited it. Although study 1 showed only a small tendency that female leader is less evaluated than male leader, we found participants did give less evaluation and work less when they received contingent punishment from female leader than male leader, and the mediating role of internal and positive intentional attribution also found in study 2. Overall, we reveal penalties for women when they display important menagment behavior which is perceived violating gender－stereotypic prescriptions. Implication and practical applications are discussed.

No description available.

趨勢預測專家約翰•奈思比在新作《亞洲大趨勢》中預言了亞洲當前風起雲湧的八大趨勢，其中一項即為『男性褪色→女性頭角崢嶸』。近年來，愈來愈多的女性由私領域邁入公領域，她們在職場上或甚至是政壇上，經常有讓人聒目相看的傑出表現；在一向由男性主導、陽剛價值至上的組織環境中，女性領導人為日漸僵化的組織運作，注入了一股源頭活水。她們的「另類觀點與作風」，使人們開始重新省思許多過往習以為常的想法及做法，而「女性領導」亦已成為研究領導的一個新方向。本研究於第一章，說明研究動機與目的、方法與限制、架構與內容。第二章，則由典範變遷的觀點分析女性領導產生的背景。第三章，是關於女性領導的文獻分析。探討男女有別領導風格的成因、女性領導的特質，並點出本文的重心－希望重建一個男女均衡的領導新模式，以「男女兼性」的「人性觀點」來詮釋領導。第四章，是關於女性領導的實證分析。筆者訪談了五位公部門女主管、五位私部門女主管，以及一位婦女研究學者、一位婦女團體領導人，希望將實務面與第三章的文獻分析互相對照比較。於此章並歸納出若干這些傑出女領導人職涯發展成功的關鍵性因素；以及欲突破女性領導的困境，女性自身及社會環境尚待補強努力之處。第五章，為本研究之結論。將文獻檢視及訪談結果進行重點摘要，並提出關於後續研究展望的一些建議及方向。

This study highlights the personal and descriptive stories, narratives, and accounts that detail the lived experiences of Black, female school principals in predominantly white school districts. Based on the personal experiences of these four Black, female school principals, recommendations are made to predominantly white school districts seeking to meet the needs of Black women serving as leaders within their school districts, organizations, and institutions.

No description available.