The purpose of this study is to trace how Sara Willis Parton achieved unprecedented literary celebrity status as Fanny Fern during the first three years of her professional career, 1851-1853. While most critics point to her famously lucrative contract with the most popular newspaper of the 1850s, the New York Ledger, in 1854 as the beginning of her fame, I argue that she had already fully achieved that fame and had done so by writing for small Boston newspapers and publishing a highly successful collection of her articles by 1853. Further, Fern was able to achieve such a high level of success because of a keen business sense, intuitive marketing savvy, an ability to promote herself, an original writing style, and a creative use of personas. My study provides an important addition to Fern scholarship by addressing the largely overlooked early years of her writing career. To date, scholars either make no mention of her first three years or do so only to demonstrate the point that Fern achieved notable success when she signed a contract for one hundred dollars a column with Robert Bonner, publisher and editor of the New York Ledger. Prior to that contract, Fern worked as a freelance writer for the Boston Olive Branch and the Boston True Flag, earning less than five dollars for each sketch she submitted. The critical assumption has been that her initial work prepared her for the fame she would achieve writing for Bonner, but in fact Bonner would not have hired her had she not already achieved significant fame, for Bonner hired only highly celebrated writers. My study explores how Fanny Fern became a famous writer. When she began writing, Fern wrote under a number of previously unknown pseudonyms for local newspapers, but within three years her distinctive style, rhetorical skill, and iconoclastic persona had made ―Fanny Fern a household name. Fern‘s unique ability to engage a popular audience, I would argue, is the principal difference between Fern and other famous contemporary women writers.

Biotreatment for air pollution control can generally be categorized as biofilter, bioscrubbing and biotrickling filter systems. Generally, biotreatments could be effective and more economical treatment for containment waste gas if designed and operated properly. A two stage down-flow biofilter (2.18 m in height and 0.4 m¡Ñ0.4 m in cross-sectional area) was constructed to develop a biofilter packed only with fern chips for the removal of air-borne propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). Both stages were packed with fern chips of 0.30 m in height and 0.40 m ¡Ñ0.40 m in cross section. Fern chips could avoid the shortcomings of traditional media, such as compaction, drying, and breakdown, which lead to the performance failure of the biofilters. In addition, the fern chip medium has the following merits: (1) simplicity in composition, (2) low pressure drop for gas flow (< 20 mmH2O m-1), (3) simple in humidification, nutrient addition, pH control, and metabolite removal, (4) economical (USD$ 174 ¡V 385 m-3), and (5) low weight (wet basis around 290 kg m-3). Results indicate that with operation conditions of media moisture content controlled in the range of 50 ¡V 74%, media pH of 6.5 ¡V 8.3, EBRT (empty bed retention time) of 0.27 ¡V 0.4 min, influent PGMEA concentrations of 100 to 750 mg m-3, volumetric organic loading of < 170 g m-3 h-1, and nutrition rates of Urea-N 66.0 g m-3.day-1, KH2PO4-P 13.3 g m-3.day-1 and milk powder 1.0 g m-3 day-1, the fern-chip packed biofilter could achieve an overall PGMEA removal efficacy of around 94%. Instant milk powder or liquid milk was essential to the good and stable performance of the biofilter for PGMEA removal. An activated sludge aeration basin (20 cm i.d., 140 cm height) equipped with either a coarse air diffuser (a plastic pipe perforated with 56 orifices of 2 mm in diameter) or a fine diffuser (porous plastic type with 100-micrometer pores) was utilized to treat an air-borne hydrophobic VOC (toluene, 700 ¡V 800 mg m-3). The purposes of this study were to test the influences of both MLSS and diffuser type on the VOC removal efficiency. Results show that higher MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) such as 10,000 ¡V 40,000 mg L-1 in the mixed liquor did not enhance greatly the transfer and removal of the introduced toluene. Instead, activated sludge basins with a normal MLSS (e.g., 2,000 ¡V 4,000 mg L-1) in the mixed liquor and an efficient gas diffusion system with volumetric VOC transfer coefficient of around 10 ¡V 15 h-1 can be used for the removal of hydrophobic VOCs from the introduced gas. For achieving a removal of over 95% of the introduced toluene or similar hydrophobic VOCs, commercial air diffusers for aerobic biological wastewater treatment basins can be used with a submerged liquid depth of over 0.40 m over the diffusers and an aeration intensity (air flow rate/basin cross-sectional area) of lower than 5.0 m3 m-2 h-1.

A infestação de pastagens por populações de Pteridium arachnoideum é um problema que afeta a pecuária, em diversas partes do mundo. Os efeitos deletérios da infestação pela planta sobre a bovinocultura são manifestados na forma de mortalidades e de redução das áreas de pastagens, assim como de perdas produtivas. Devido à importância dessas perdas na produção de bovinos, foi proposto o acompanhamento de uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul com problemas decorrentes da infestação pela planta em sua casuística e métodos de controle empregados. Adicionalmente, realizou-se teste da viabilidade de ovinos como ferramenta de controle biológico. Dos casos de intoxicação naturais acompanhados na propriedade, observou-se a ocorrência de quadro agudo de diátese hemorrágica e de quadro crônico de carcinomas do trato digestório superior. Observou-se que quando expostos a fatores predisponentes, como a introdução em áreas recentemente roçadas, os bovinos podem consumir altas doses da planta e assim desenvolver a enfermidade aguda em forma de surtos. Em diversos bovinos jovens com quadro de diátese hemorrágica, além das hemorragias disseminadas e infartos múltiplos, observou-se acentuado edema laríngeo, que cursava clinicamente com dispneia e estertores respiratórios característicos. Os carcinomas do trato digestório superior, apesar de menos frequentes, causaram expressivas perdas devido a mortalidades anuais de matrizes. A tentativa de controle pelo pastejo por ovinos não foi eficiente, devido ao consumo pouco expressivo na lotação praticada. Mortalidade de ovinos, no entanto, decorrente do consumo da planta não foi registrada. O método de combate à planta aplicado na propriedade combinava ou associava a roçagem em áreas densamente povoadas com o uso de herbicidas, nomeadamente metilsulfuron-metil e picloram, em todos os piquetes. A redução da cobertura da P. arachnoideum foi variada em diferentes piquetes; entretanto, possibilitou a recuperação de algumas áreas de pastejo. / The infestation of pastured areas by Pteridium arachnoideum populations has been a considerable and global problem to the livestock production. The deleterious effects of the plant infestation on cattle are manifested as animal mortality and pasture coverage reduction. Given the importance of P. arachnoideum in cattle production, it has been proposed to monitor a beef cattle farm in Rio Grande do Sul, to assess some of the losses associated with the plant consumption apart of the methods employed for controlling the plant. In addition, the viability of sheep’s grazing as a biological control tool was tested. Cases of natural poisoning observed in the farm included the acute form, known as hemorrhagic diathesis as well as the chronic form, consisting in digestive carcinomas. When cattle were exposed to any predisposing factor, such as being moved to newly mowed areas, it was noted that the amount of plant consumed can readily lead to an outbreak of acute poisoning. Several cases of hemorrhagic diathesis in young cattle went along with marked laryngeal edema, which was clinically manifested as dyspnea and roaring, in addition to the classic pathological changes of widespread hemorrhages and infarcts. Even though less frequent, carcinomas of the upper digestive tract caused significant losses, due to annual mortality of mature cows. The attempt through grazing by sheep wasn’t efficient to control P. aquilinum, due to the low consumption of the plant seen in the actual stocking. However, sheep mortality, by P. arachnoideum consumption was not recorded. The plant control method applied at the farm combined mowing of densely populated areas with herbicide applications, namely metilsulfuron-methyl and picloram, in all paddocks. The reduction of P. arachnoideum coverage was varied in different paddocks; however, allowed the recovery of some grazing areas.

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-05T20:11:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJJ.pdf: 3082295 bytes, checksum: 1f3b55b503c9c9ccf53f773842702e2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T16:22:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJJ.pdf: 3082295 bytes, checksum: 1f3b55b503c9c9ccf53f773842702e2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T16:22:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJJ.pdf: 3082295 bytes, checksum: 1f3b55b503c9c9ccf53f773842702e2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T16:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJJ.pdf: 3082295 bytes, checksum: 1f3b55b503c9c9ccf53f773842702e2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pteridium plants are ferns (monilopytes) distributed all around the globe. These plants are considered problem species as they invade recently abandoned or burned areas, and areas under anthropogenic impacts. In Brazil, Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. has become an important problem species at the Cerrado (Tropical Savanna) and Atlantic Forest biomes. To understand the mechanisms underlying invasive plants success are one of the greatest challenges of the last decades. Among the interaction that can influence this success, we find allelopathy. However, untill now we have few evidences for this phenomenon on these plants, especially from the isolation and indentification of secondary metabolites with activities related to allelopathy. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathy role by direct phytotoxicity and abiotic changes in Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. dominance in the areas it invades. To do so, the bioguided phytochemical study of this plant tissues and litter was performed, as well as the evaluation of the phytotoxic activity of phenolic compounds present in its litter and of its isolated and identified secondary metabolite against the early development of sesame, verifying the presence of this compound in the soil, its quantification, and evaluation of its interactions with physical and chemical soil characteristics. The phytochemical study led to the isolation and identification of a majoritarian compound in the plants green fronds and litter, the proanthocianidin selligueian A. This is the first time this compound is described for P. arachnoideum, as well as for the Dennstaediaceae family. Selligueain A showed phytotoxic activity against wheat coleoptiles elongation, with inhibitory activity over 71%, and IC50 of 0.69 mM. The poliphenols enriched fraction extracted from P. arachnoideum litter exert inhibitory activity against the early development of bioindicators species, native and invasive species of the Cerrado biome, specially over the development of these seedlings roots, besides activity against the metaxylem cells of sesame, and against chlorophyll content of sesame and the native weed Setaria parviflora. The allelopathic potential of the main poliphenolic compound of P. arachnoideum, selligueain A, was also evaluated against the early growth of sesame seedlings, promoting root and shoot growth in all the concentrations tested. Sesame seedlings grown in the presence of selligueain A showed smaller metaxylem cells when compared to the control, in the concentrations of 0.3 mM e 1 mM, with 50.82% inhibition in the greatest concentration and IC50 value of 0.98 mM. There was no activity of selligueain A against chlorophyll content of these seedlings. Analyses of extracts of soil collect under a P. arachnoideum patches pointed to the presence of selligueain A as major compound in soil solution, and, therefore, as a putative allelochemical produced by this plant. The concentration observed for this compound in the soil raged between 0.02 and 0.65 mM. According to allelopathic potential results, this concentration rage is sufficient to act over cooccurring plant species, promoting P. arachnoideum dominance. The presence of P. arachnoideum in Cerrado areas alters the chemical conditions of the soil, especially regarding N and Al, when compared to the presence of U. decumbens. Additionally, Al concentration is correlated to litter mass and to selligueain A concentration at the sites sampled. These results corroborates the hypothesis of allelopathy as a dominance mechanism of this plant in the areas where it occurs, with the first report of an allelochemical for a Pteridium species, by direct phytotoxic activity as well as by controlling Al concentration at those areas. / Plantas do gênero Pteridium são samambaias (monilófitas) e estão distribuídas em todo mundo. São consideradas espécies problemas pois invadem áreas recentemente queimadas, abandonadas ou sob impacto antrópico. No Brasil, Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. apresenta-se como uma importante espécie problema do Cerrado e da Mata Atlântica. Compreender os mecanismos que governam o sucesso de plantas com comportamento invasor tem se mostrado um dos maiores desafios das últimas décadas. Dentre as interações que podem influenciar este sucesso está a alelopatia. No entanto, poucas são as evidências apresentadas até então para este fenômeno, especialmente a partir do isolamento e identificação de substâncias do metabolismo secundário destas plantas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel da alelopatia por fitotoxicidade direta e alterações abióticas na dominância de P. arachnoideum nas áreas em que ocorre. Para isso, foi realizado estudo fitoquímico biodirigido de diferentes órgãos e serrapilheira desta planta, avaliação da atividade fitotóxica dos polifenóis e do metabólito secundário isolado e identificado sobre o desenvolvimento inicial da espécie bioindicadora gergelim, identificação da presença deste composto no solo, sua quantificação e avaliação de sua interação com características físicoquímicas do solo. O estudo fitoquímico levou ao isolamento de um composto majoritário presente em suas frondes verdes e serrapilheira desta planta, a proantocianidina selligueina A. Esta é a primeira vez que este composto é descrito para P. arachnoideum, assim como para a família Dennstaediaceae. A selligueina A apresentou atividade fitotóxica sobre o alongamento de coleóptilos de trigo, com atividade inibitória acima de 71%, e IC50 de 0,69 mM. A fração enriquecida em polifenóis extraídos da serrapilheira de P. arachnoideum exerceu atividade inibitória sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de espécies bioindicadoras, nativa e invasora do Cerrado, especialmente sobre o desenvolvimento das raízes dessas plântulas, e atividade sobre as células do metaxilema de gergelim, e sobre o conteúdo de clorofila de gergelim e de capim rabo-de-raposa. O potencial alelopático do principal composto polifenólico desta planta, selligueina A, também foi testado sobre o crescimento inicial de gergelim, promovendo inibição do comprimento final do caule e da raiz de plântulas de gergelim em todas as concentrações testadas. Plântulas de gergelim crescidas na presença de selligueina A apresentaram células do metaxilema menores do que o as do controle nas concentrações de 0,3 mM e 1 mM, com inibição de 50,82% na maior concentração e IC50 de 0,98 mM. Não houve atividade de selligueina A sobre o conteúdo de clorofila dessas plântulas. Análises dos extratos de solo coletado sob manchas de P. arachnoideum apontaram a presença de selligueina A como composto majoritário na solução do solo, e, portanto, como aleloquímico produzido por esta planta. As concentrações do composto no solo variaram entre 0,02 e 0,65 mM. De acordo com resultados de potencial alelopático essa faixa de concentração seria suficiente para potencialmente atuar sobre espécies co-ocorrentes, favorecendo a dominância de P. arachnoideum. A presença de P. arachnoideum em áreas de Cerrado altera condições químicas do solo, especialmente com relação à concentração do nutriente N e de Al, quando comparada à presença de braquiária (U. decumbens). Além disso, a concentração de Al se encontra correlacionada à massa de serrapilheira e à concentração de selligueina A nas áreas amostradas. Estes resultados corroboram a hipótese de alelopatia como mecanismo de dominância dessa planta nas áreas em que ocorre, com a primeira descrição de um aleloquímico para uma espécie do gênero Pteridium, que apresenta atividade não apenas por fitotoxicidade direta, mas também por ação indireta, ao controlar a concentração de Al nessas áreas.

A infestação de pastagens por populações de Pteridium arachnoideum é um problema que afeta a pecuária, em diversas partes do mundo. Os efeitos deletérios da infestação pela planta sobre a bovinocultura são manifestados na forma de mortalidades e de redução das áreas de pastagens, assim como de perdas produtivas. Devido à importância dessas perdas na produção de bovinos, foi proposto o acompanhamento de uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul com problemas decorrentes da infestação pela planta em sua casuística e métodos de controle empregados. Adicionalmente, realizou-se teste da viabilidade de ovinos como ferramenta de controle biológico. Dos casos de intoxicação naturais acompanhados na propriedade, observou-se a ocorrência de quadro agudo de diátese hemorrágica e de quadro crônico de carcinomas do trato digestório superior. Observou-se que quando expostos a fatores predisponentes, como a introdução em áreas recentemente roçadas, os bovinos podem consumir altas doses da planta e assim desenvolver a enfermidade aguda em forma de surtos. Em diversos bovinos jovens com quadro de diátese hemorrágica, além das hemorragias disseminadas e infartos múltiplos, observou-se acentuado edema laríngeo, que cursava clinicamente com dispneia e estertores respiratórios característicos. Os carcinomas do trato digestório superior, apesar de menos frequentes, causaram expressivas perdas devido a mortalidades anuais de matrizes. A tentativa de controle pelo pastejo por ovinos não foi eficiente, devido ao consumo pouco expressivo na lotação praticada. Mortalidade de ovinos, no entanto, decorrente do consumo da planta não foi registrada. O método de combate à planta aplicado na propriedade combinava ou associava a roçagem em áreas densamente povoadas com o uso de herbicidas, nomeadamente metilsulfuron-metil e picloram, em todos os piquetes. A redução da cobertura da P. arachnoideum foi variada em diferentes piquetes; entretanto, possibilitou a recuperação de algumas áreas de pastejo. / The infestation of pastured areas by Pteridium arachnoideum populations has been a considerable and global problem to the livestock production. The deleterious effects of the plant infestation on cattle are manifested as animal mortality and pasture coverage reduction. Given the importance of P. arachnoideum in cattle production, it has been proposed to monitor a beef cattle farm in Rio Grande do Sul, to assess some of the losses associated with the plant consumption apart of the methods employed for controlling the plant. In addition, the viability of sheep’s grazing as a biological control tool was tested. Cases of natural poisoning observed in the farm included the acute form, known as hemorrhagic diathesis as well as the chronic form, consisting in digestive carcinomas. When cattle were exposed to any predisposing factor, such as being moved to newly mowed areas, it was noted that the amount of plant consumed can readily lead to an outbreak of acute poisoning. Several cases of hemorrhagic diathesis in young cattle went along with marked laryngeal edema, which was clinically manifested as dyspnea and roaring, in addition to the classic pathological changes of widespread hemorrhages and infarcts. Even though less frequent, carcinomas of the upper digestive tract caused significant losses, due to annual mortality of mature cows. The attempt through grazing by sheep wasn’t efficient to control P. aquilinum, due to the low consumption of the plant seen in the actual stocking. However, sheep mortality, by P. arachnoideum consumption was not recorded. The plant control method applied at the farm combined mowing of densely populated areas with herbicide applications, namely metilsulfuron-methyl and picloram, in all paddocks. The reduction of P. arachnoideum coverage was varied in different paddocks; however, allowed the recovery of some grazing areas.

Esta pesquisa visa contribuir para a produção de conhecimentos no campo da Educação Ambiental através da descrição do processo de formação da Associação de Extratores de Plantas Nativas da Ilha Comprida (AMPIC) e do estabelecimento de parceria desta associação junto à Prefeitura deste município, como partes do processo de institucionalização do Manejo Participativo de Samambaias Silvestres (Ruhmora adiantisformis)emÁreade Proteção Ambiental. Seu foco está na análise da “participação” como dimensão essencial para que processos educacionais contribuam para a efetiva conservação do meio ambiente e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Além disso, pretende apresentar a organização comunitária em torno da extração da samambaia e contribuir na discussão sobre práticas educativas relacionadas à temática ambiental e sem esgotar as possibilidades auxiliar no direcionamento de tais iniciativas, destacando pontos importantes de reflexão para quem já atua ou pretende atuar em projetos com enfoque participativo. Para tanto, foram utilizados como referenciais metodológicos a pesquisa qualitativa, a pesquisa-intervenção. / This research aims at adding to the knowledge in the field of environmental education by describing the creation process of the AMPIC – Native Plants of Ilha Comprida Extractors Association, and the establishment of a partnership between this association and the local government as part of the institutionalization process of the participative management of wild fern (Ruhmora adiantisformis) in environmental protection area. Its main focus is the analysis of “participation” as a core issue in obtaining educational processes that effectively contribute to enhancing the quality of life, as well as the environmental conservation. Moreover, it presents the community organization around the extraction of wild fern therefore allowing the discussion about educational strategies concerning the environmental theme. It also highlights important aspects to be considered by those who are already working or intend to work in projects with a participative approach, with a view to orienting such initiatives without covering all the possibilities, though. Qualitative and intervention researches were used as methodological reference in this.

Lygodium microphyllum, native to the Old World tropics, has invaded central and southern Florida, destroying native habitats, reducing biodiversity and altering fire regimes. Prescribed fire, one of several methods used to manage L. microphyllum infestations, reduces fern biomass over large areas, but its effects on spore viability are unknown. To provide tools to evaluate whether fire-dispersed spores are viable, this research determined how heat affects spore viability. Spores were exposed to temperatures of 50°C to 300°C for durations of 5 seconds to 1 hour, then allowed to germinate on agar in petri plates. Percent germination was assayed after two weeks. Temperatures of 50°C had little effect; 300°C killed spores for all durations. Results indicate that while viability of unburnt spores decreases with increasing temperature and duration of heat exposure, spores are killed when exposed to relatively low temperatures compared to those in fires.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la biomécanique de deux mouvements parmi les plus rapides du règne végétal. La première partie porte sur l’étude théorique du mouvement permettant la capture de proies par les pièges de l’utriculaire, des outres déformables de taille millimétrique refermées par une porte flexible. Un modèle dynamique, élaboré à partir d’ingrédients mécaniques, hydrodynamiques et élastiques, permet de relier la différence de pression entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur du piège à la position de la porte via deux équations différentielles couplées. Le modèle permet de capturer la dynamique de fonctionnement du piège et de prédire l’intégralité des comportements observés dans la nature via l’ajout d’un bruit stochastique. La seconde partie est consacrée au mouvement d’éjection des spores par les sporanges de fougères. Notre étude à la fois expérimentale et théorique permet de révéler le caractère remarquable de l’anneau, une structure spécialisée du sporange, dont la nature poroélastique lui confère un comportement comparable à celui d’une catapulte autonome. Les différentes phases du mouvement : ouverture, déclenchement par cavitation, fermeture rapide et recharge éventuelle sont observées via imagerie ultra-rapide. La courbure de l’anneau au cours du mouvement est mesurée expérimentalement puis comparée aux prédictions théoriques pour chacune des phases du mouvement. Cette étude nous permet d’identifier les différents processus physiques à l’origine du mouvement et de déterminer les paramètres caractéristiques de l’anneau : raideur, perméabilité membranaire et pression osmotique interne, ainsi que la pression négative de cavitation. / In this PhD work, we focus on the biomechanics of two motions among the fastest in plant kingdom. The first part is a theoretical study of the motion leading to a prey capture by the bladderwort’s traps, elastic millimeter-sized bladders closed by a flexible door. A dynamical model, based on mechanical, elastic and hydrodynamic ingredients, links the pressure difference between the trap and its surroundings with the door position by the means of two coupled ordinary differential equations. The model captures the dynamics of the trap and predicts all the range of behaviors found in nature by including stochastic noise in the system. The second part focuses on the fern sporangium motion allowing the spores dispersal. Our experimental and theoretical studies point out the remarkable character of the annulus, a specialized structure of the sporangium, as it behaves as an autonomous catapult due to its poroelastic nature. The different stages of the motion: opening, triggering by cavitation, fast closure and eventual reloading are observed using ultra-fast imaging. The annulus curvature is measured experimentally and then compared to the theoretical predictions for each motion phase. This study enables us to identify the physical processes governing the complete motion and to determine the characteristic parameters of the annulus: stiffness, permeability and internal osmotic pressure, and also the negative cavitation pressure.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-01T17:56:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_-_Amanda_Lopes_-_PPGEO_-_2013.pdf: 3744924 bytes, checksum: 498108a19350d5eac53892be88dac508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T17:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_-_Amanda_Lopes_-_PPGEO_-_2013.pdf: 3744924 bytes, checksum: 498108a19350d5eac53892be88dac508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / FACEPE / Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar dados relacionados à florística, à influência altitudinal e aos aspectos ecológicos das samambaias na RPPN Pedra D´antas, localizada no município de Lagoa dos Gatos, Pernambuco, Brasil. Para a execução deste estudo, foram realizadas três excursões semanais (oito horas diárias), nas quais o fragmento foi explorado através de caminhadas, priorizando os habitats onde as samambaias ocorrem com maior frequência. Os processos de coleta, identificação e herborização do material seguiram a literatura especializada. Na RPPN Pedra D’Antas foram registradas 82 espécies de samambaias, distribuídas em 37 gêneros e 17 famílias, Pteridaceae (20 spp.), Polypodiaceae (15 spp.) e Dryopteridaceae (10 spp.), as mais representativas. Os gêneros com maior número de espécies foram Adiantum e Thelypteris, com 10 e sete espécies, respectivamente. A riqueza específica variou entre as faixas altitudinais, sendo maior na faixa entre 600-700 m com 63 espécies, e a menor representatividade foi registrada na faixa entre 400-500 m com 15 espécies. A variação altitudinal também ocasionou modificação na composição florística, principalmente entre a faixa 400-500 com as demais. Estes dados indicam uma riqueza de samambaias importante no contexto da Floresta Atlântica Nordestina, além de demonstrar a influência da altitude nos aspectos ecológicos destas plantas. / This paper aimed present data related to floristc survey, the altitudinal influence and ecological aspects of ferns in the RPPN Pedra D´Antas, located in the municipality of Lagoa dos Gatos, Pernambuco, Brazil. For the execution of this study, there were three excursions per week (eight hours) to field works, in which the fragment was explored prioritizing habitats where ferns occur with greater frequency. The processes of collecting, identifying and herborization material followed the literature. In RPPN Pedra D'Antas were recorded 82 species of ferns, belonging to 37 genera and 17 families, Pteridaceae (20 spp.), Polypodiaceae (15 spp.) and Dryopteridaceae (10 spp.) were the most representative. The richest genera were Adiantum and Thelypteris, with 10 and seven species, respectively. The richness varied between altitudinal zones, being higher in the range between 600-700 m with 63 species, and the lowest representation was recorded in the range of 400-500 m with 15 species. The altitudinal variation also resulted in changes in the floristic composition, especially between the 400-500 range with the other. These data indicate a richeness of ferns important in the context of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, as well as demonstrating the influence of altitude on the ecological aspects of these plants.

This thesis deals wtih augmented reality applied to aircraft maintenance which is widely explored here. Furthermore, a reseach is done on the previous work done in this field. A video data-set is acquired from LET - a manufacturer of LET L-410 aircraft and an application is created in order to test possibilities of using augmented reality in aircraft maintenance. The result and proposals of the future work can be found in this thesis as well