The goal of this thesis is to create a conceptual design of a rally car in Ra5 (former R1) category. The thesis contains interpretation of regulations, overview of former cars in this category and requirements for such vehicle. The thesis describes choice of vehicle and description of modifications, including specific components. The thesis also describes construction of several designs of rollcage, which were mutually compared, and their homologation tests. The thesis also determines small series price of such vehicle.

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service collects forest inventory data that provide estimates with reasonable accuracy at the national scale. However, for smaller domains, these estimates are often not as accurate due to the small sample size. Small area estimation improves the accuracy of the estimates at smaller domains by relying on auxiliary information. This study compared direct (FIA estimates), indirect (multiple linear regression), and composite estimators (Fay-Herriot) using auxiliary information derived from Landsat and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) to obtain county-level estimates of forest attributes namely total and merchantable volume (m3 ha-1), aboveground biomass (Mg ha-1), basal area (m2 ha-1), and Lorey’s mean height (m). Compared with FIA estimates, the composite estimator reduced error by 75-78% for all the variables of interest. This shows that a reasonable amount of precision can be achieved with auxiliary information from Landsat and GEDI, improving FIA estimates at the county level.

The interrelationship between trees and humans is primordial. As pressures on natural resources grow and become more complex this innate connection drives an increased need for improved data and analytical techniques for assessing the status and trends of forests, trees, their products, and their services. Techniques for using readily available data such as the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database and output from forest disturbance detection algorithms derived from Landsat data, such as Vegetation Change Tracker (VCT), for estimating forest attributes across time from the state and inventory unit level down to the stand and pixel level are presented. Progressively more comprehensive harvest and parcel boundary records are incorporated appropriately. Quantification of attributes, including non-timber forest products and fine-scale age estimates, across the landscape both historically and into the future is emphasized. Spatial information on the distribution of forest resources by age-class provides knowledge of timber volume through time and across the landscape to support forest management for sustained production. In addition to monitoring forest resources in regards to their value as products for human consumption, their measurement facilitates analysis of the relationship of their spatial and temporal abundance to other resources such as water and wildlife. / Ph. D.

Most estimates of wood supply do not reflect the true availability of wood resources. The availability of wood resources ultimately depends on collective wood harvesting decisions across the landscape. Both social and biophysical constraints impact harvesting decisions and thus the availability of wood resources. While most constraints do not completely inhibit harvesting, they may significantly reduce the probability of harvest. Realistic assessments of woody availability and distribution are needed for effective forest management and planning. This study focuses on predicting the probability of harvest at forested FIA plot locations in Virginia. Classification and regression trees, conditional inferences trees, random forest, balanced random forest, conditional random forest, and logistic regression models were built to predict harvest as a function of social and biophysical availability constraints. All of the models were evaluated and compared to identify important variables constraining harvest, predict future harvests, and estimate the available wood supply. Variables related to population and resource quality seem to be the best predictors of future harvest. The balanced random forest and logistic regressions models are recommended for predicting future harvests. The balanced random forest model is the best predictor, while the logistic regression model can be most easily shared and replicated. Both models were applied to predict harvest at recently measured FIA plots. Based on the probability of harvest, we estimate that between 2012 and 2017, 10 – 21 percent of total wood volume on timberland will be available for harvesting. / Master of Science

Soil organic carbon represents the largest constituent of the global C pool and carbon budgets are studied by researchers and modelers in C cycling, global climate change, and soil quality studies. Pedon and soil interpretation record databases are used with soil and ecological maps to estimate regional SOC even though these databases are rarely complete for surface litter and mineral subsurface horizons. The first main objective of the project is to improve the ability to produce soil organic carbon estimates from existing spatial soils datasets, such as STATSGO. All records in the STATSGO Layer table that were incomplete or appeared to be incorrectly filled with a null or zero value were considered invalid. Data sorting procedures and texture lookup tables were used to identify exiting correct (valid) data entries that were used to substitute invalid records. STATSGO soil property data were grouped by soil order, MLRA, layer number, and texture to produce replacement values for all invalid data used to calculate mass SOC. Grouping criteria was specific to each variable and was based on texture designations. The resulting filled and unfilled tables were used with procedures assuming Normal and Lognormal distribution of parameters in order to analyze variation of mass SOC estimates caused by using different computation techniques. We estimated mass SOC to 2 m in Maine and Minnesota using filled and unfilled STATSGO data tables. Up to 54% of the records in Maine and up to 80% of the records in Minnesota contained null or zero values (mostly in fields related to rock fragments) that were replaced. After filling, the database resulted in 1.5 times higher area-weighted SOC. SOC calculated using the Normal distribution assumption were 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than those using the Lognormal transformation. SOC maps using the filled tables had more logical geographic SOC distribution than those using unfilled tables. The USDA Forest Service collects and maintains detailed inventory data for the condition and trends of all forested lands in the United States. A wide range of researchers and landowners use the resulting Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database for analytical and decision making tasks. FIA data is available to the public in transformed or aggregate format in order to ensure confidentiality of data suppliers. The second main objective of this project was to compute SOC (kg m-2) results by FIA forest type and forest type group for three depth categories (25 cm, 1 m, and 2 m) at a regional scale for the 48 contiguous United States. There were four sets of results derived from the filled STATSGO and FIA datasets for each depth class by region: (1) SOC computed by the Lognormal distribution approach for (1a) all soil orders, (1b) without Histosols; and (2) SOC computed by the Normal distribution approach for (2a) all soil orders, (2b) without Histosols. Two spatial forest cover datasets were relevant to this project, FIA and AVHRR. We investigated the effects of FIA inventory data masking for Maine and Minnesota, such as plot coordinates rounding to the nearest 100 arc-second, and the use of 1 km resolution satellite-derived forest cover classes from AVHRR data, on SOC estimates to 2 m by forest type group. SOC estimates by soil mapping unit were derived from fixed STATSGO database tables and were computed by the Lognormal distribution approach including all soil orders. The methods in this study can be used for a variety of ecological and resource inventory assessments and the automated procedures can be easily updated and improved for future uses. The procedures in this study point out areas that could benefit the most during future revisions of STATSGO. The resulting SOC maps are dynamic and can be rapidly redrawn using GIS whenever STATSGO spatial or tabular data undergo updating. Use of pedon data to define representative values for all properties in all STATSGO layers and correlation of STATSGO layers to soil horizons will lead to vast improvement of the STATSGO Layer table and promote its use for mass SOC estimation over large regions. / Master of Science

Les enzymes et leur diversité d’actions sont appréciées dans des domaines d’applications variés allant del’agroalimentaire à la thérapeutique. Ainsi, une attention toute particulière est portée à leur étude afin d’améliorer uneaction (contre le vieillissement de la peau, antivirale, anticancéreuse…) ou un procédé de synthèse. Ce projet derecherche s’inscrit dans une démarche de développement d’outils analytiques basés sur la spectrométrie de masse,permettant le suivi rapide et sensible d’interactions enzyme-ligand.Dans une première étude, l’approche TLC couplée à une détection par UV a été évaluée pour la déterminationde constantes enzymatiques de l’enzyme invertase. Cette approche couplée à un MALDI/TOF MS a permis d’identifierdes substrats spécifiques de l’invertase au sein d’extraits de plantes. Pour preuve de concept, l’interactioncellobiohydrolase II–ligand est présentée dans le cadre de l’identification d’inhibiteur par TLC-MALDI/TOF et TLCENALDIMS.En seconde étude, nos travaux ont porté sur la caractérisation directe de différentes enzymes kinases, puis auxsuivis des réactions de phosphorylation de nucléosides /tides endogènes. Ces études, basées sur des approches « offline» (Flow Injection Analysis, FIA) et « on-line » (Frontal Affinity Chromatography, FAC) couplées à unspectromètre de masse haute résolution, ont été réalisées au moyen de ces kinases libres et immobilisées. Dans le cadrede la recherche de nouveaux candidats médicamenteux antiviraux, le suivi d’une phosphorylation spécifique desmolécules de synthèse, au regard de souches humaine ou virale de kinase, a également été évalué par ces deuxméthodologies. / Enzymes are very appreciated and useful in various application fields from agri-business to therapeutic due to theirdiversity of actions. Therefore, their action mechanisms are widely studied in order to enhance an action (anti-aging ofskin, antiviral, antitumorous) or a synthesis process. This research project is part of the approach to propose analyticaltools based on mass spectrometry, allowing rapid and sensitive follow-up of enzyme-ligand interactions.In a first study, the Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) approach coupled with UV detection was evaluated forthe determination of invertase kinetic constants. This approach coupled with a MALDI / TOF-MS led to theidentification of invertase substrates in plant extracts. As a proof of concept, the cellobiohydrolase II - ligand interactionwas presented in the framework of the identification of inhibitor by TLC-MALDI / TOF and TLC-ENALDI MS.In the second study, our work aimed at developing a direct method for the determination of kinetic parametersof kinases and following-up the phosphorylation reactions of endogenous nucleosides / tides. These studies, based on“off-line” (Flow Injection Analysis, FIA) and “on-line” (Frontal Affinity Chromatography, FAC) approaches coupledwith a high-resolution mass spectrometer, were carried out using free and immobilized kinases. In the context of thesearch for new antiviral drug candidates, a specific phosphorylation of synthetic molecules regards to human or viralkinase was also evaluated by these both approaches.

Nos últimos anos, materiais baseados em grafeno têm atraído grande interesse na área eletroquímica devido às suas excelentes propriedades eletrônicas. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a obtenção de óxido de grafeno reduzido utilizando métodos eletroquímicos. A redução eletroquímica do óxido de grafeno (OG) foi realizada na superfície de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo (ECV) utilizando voltametria cíclica. O óxido de grafeno reduzido eletroquimicamente (OG-RE) foi caracterizado utilizando espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (MFA), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios-X (XPS) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. A relação ID/IG obtida através dos espectros Raman do OG e do OG-RE foram de 0,98 e 1,15, respectivamente, indicando que o processo de redução resultou em uma maior desorganização estrutural. A espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X mostrou que a proporção entre C e O no OG foi de 45,7% e, que após a redução eletroquímica essa relação diminuiu para 38,5%. O eletrodo modificado com OG-RE foi empregado para quantificação de furosemida (FUR) em amostras farmacêuticas utilizando voltametria de pulso diferencial e análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica. Os limites de detecção e quantificação calculados para o método proposto foram de 0,35 e 1,18 µmol L-1, respectivamente. Visando à aplicação em amostras de interesse clínico, fabricou-se um sensor descartável e de baixo custo para a detecção de FUR utilizando papel sulfite pintado com lápis de desenho e ativado por laser de CO2. Os estudos voltamétricos utilizando o [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 mostraram que o transporte de massa neste dispositivo foi governado por difusão e que o tratamento com laser diminui a resistência a transferência de carga, assim como resultou em um menor problema relacionado ao envenenamento da superfície do eletrodo / In recent years, graphene-based materials have attracted great interest in the area of electrochemistry due to its excellent electronic properties. In this work, we present the production of reduced graphene oxide using electrochemical methods. The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the cyclic voltammetry technique. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-GO) was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Xray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ID / IG ratio obtained through Raman spectra of GO and ER-GO were 0.98 and 1.15, respectively, indicating that the reduction process resulted in greater structural disorganization. XPS showed that the ratio between C and O in the GO was 45.7% and that after electrochemical reduction this ratio decreased to 38.5%. The ER-GO modified electrode was used as a sensor for furosemide (FUR) in pharmaceutical samples using the techniques of differential pulse voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. The limits of detection and quantification for the proposed method were 0.35 and 1.18 µmol L-1, respectively. Aiming to the application in clinical samples a disposable, low-cost paper-based sensor for the detection of FUR was fabricated using office paper painted with drawing pencil and activated by CO2 laser. Voltammetric studies using [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 have shown that mass transport in this device was controlled by diffusion and the laser decreases resistance to charge transfer, as well as, avoided the problem with electrode surface poisoning

Nos últimos anos, materiais baseados em grafeno têm atraído grande interesse na área eletroquímica devido às suas excelentes propriedades eletrônicas. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a obtenção de óxido de grafeno reduzido utilizando métodos eletroquímicos. A redução eletroquímica do óxido de grafeno (OG) foi realizada na superfície de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo (ECV) utilizando voltametria cíclica. O óxido de grafeno reduzido eletroquimicamente (OG-RE) foi caracterizado utilizando espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (MFA), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios-X (XPS) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. A relação ID/IG obtida através dos espectros Raman do OG e do OG-RE foram de 0,98 e 1,15, respectivamente, indicando que o processo de redução resultou em uma maior desorganização estrutural. A espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X mostrou que a proporção entre C e O no OG foi de 45,7% e, que após a redução eletroquímica essa relação diminuiu para 38,5%. O eletrodo modificado com OG-RE foi empregado para quantificação de furosemida (FUR) em amostras farmacêuticas utilizando voltametria de pulso diferencial e análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica. Os limites de detecção e quantificação calculados para o método proposto foram de 0,35 e 1,18 µmol L-1, respectivamente. Visando à aplicação em amostras de interesse clínico, fabricou-se um sensor descartável e de baixo custo para a detecção de FUR utilizando papel sulfite pintado com lápis de desenho e ativado por laser de CO2. Os estudos voltamétricos utilizando o [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 mostraram que o transporte de massa neste dispositivo foi governado por difusão e que o tratamento com laser diminui a resistência a transferência de carga, assim como resultou em um menor problema relacionado ao envenenamento da superfície do eletrodo / In recent years, graphene-based materials have attracted great interest in the area of electrochemistry due to its excellent electronic properties. In this work, we present the production of reduced graphene oxide using electrochemical methods. The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the cyclic voltammetry technique. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-GO) was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Xray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ID / IG ratio obtained through Raman spectra of GO and ER-GO were 0.98 and 1.15, respectively, indicating that the reduction process resulted in greater structural disorganization. XPS showed that the ratio between C and O in the GO was 45.7% and that after electrochemical reduction this ratio decreased to 38.5%. The ER-GO modified electrode was used as a sensor for furosemide (FUR) in pharmaceutical samples using the techniques of differential pulse voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. The limits of detection and quantification for the proposed method were 0.35 and 1.18 µmol L-1, respectively. Aiming to the application in clinical samples a disposable, low-cost paper-based sensor for the detection of FUR was fabricated using office paper painted with drawing pencil and activated by CO2 laser. Voltammetric studies using [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 have shown that mass transport in this device was controlled by diffusion and the laser decreases resistance to charge transfer, as well as, avoided the problem with electrode surface poisoning

Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos MicroLaboratórios Autônomos (MLA), baseados no conceito de MicrosSistemas de Análise Total (TAS), que permitem a integração das etapas associadas ao método analítico em único dispositivo. Os MLA foram fabricados utilizando a tecnologia LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics), que permitiu um alto grau de integração das plataformas químicas microfluídica e eletrônica, utilizando o mesmo substrato. O MLA amperométrico foi construído de forma a integrar canais, misturadores e eletrodos (auxiliar, de referência e de trabalho (sendo o último facilmente removível, tornando o dispositivo mais versátil)). Também, possui integrado em sua superfície um potenciostato, capaz de aplicar potenciais constantes e registrar com precisão correntes na faixa de nA a A. Com o equipamento, foram realizadas medições de cianeto de ferro e cloro livre confirmando a funcionalidade do MLA amperométrico. Para tal, foram testadas concentrações de K4Fe(CN)6 variando de 0,1 3 mM, apresentando faixa linear de 0,1 a 0,75 mM com coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,997 e RSD de 1,91 % (calculado para a amostra de 0,75 mM, n = 13). Cloro livre foi medido na faixa de 0,35 7,10 mM apresentando resposta linear com r2 = 0,998, o RSD obtido foi de 1,93 % (3,5 mM; n = 15). O cloro livre foi medido em amostra reais de piscinas na faixa 0,4 a 1,1 mg L-1 e os resultados foram comparados com o método DPD (Ndietil- p-fenilenodiamina) apresentando resultados similares com r2 = 0,91. O MLA fotométrico segue o mesmo princípio do amperométrico com canais, misturadores, célula de fluxo, detector, arranjo de LEDs (420, 480, 515, 565, 590, 630 e 700 nm) e eletrônica de controle integrados no mesmo substrato. O equipamento foi desenvolvido permitindo dois modos de operação: espectrofotômetro e fotômetro. No modo espectrofotométrico foi empregado na determinação qualitativa e quantitativa de diversos corantes (alaranjado de metila, azul de metileno, verde de bromocressol e vermelho de fenol). Já na opção fotométrico foi usado na determinação de fósforo reativo em águas, por meio de um sistema completamente automatizado. Neste caso, o controle de diversas válvulas e uma bomba peristáltica permitiu a implementação de procedimentos de automatização como: multicomutação, amostragem binária e parada de fluxo (stopped flow. A utilização deste sistema automatizado permitiu a comparação entre dois métodos de preparações de amostra: diluição on-line (utilizando as válvulas) e preparadas manualmente. Para ambos os casos foram analisadas duas faixas de concentrações (0,1 a 1 mg L-1 e 1,5 a 15 mg L-1). A primeira faixa apresentou-se linear para ambos os métodos de preparação de amostra, apresentando limites de detecção para fósforo reativo de 15,8 g L-1 e 14,9 g L-1. Por outro lado, foi observado que a segunda faixa de concentração não obedece à lei de Beer. Na segunda faixa, a curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de 1,5 a 7,5 mg L-1 de fósforo reativo com r2 = 0,965 e RSD de 0,43 % (7,5 mg L-1, n = 3). A frequência de medições analíticas foi de 30 determinações por hora, o que indica que a plataforma proposta pode ser utilizada em monitoramente contínuo e de tempo real. / Analysis System (uTAS) concept which allows the integration of all steps related to an analytical process in a single device. The developed MLAs were used to monitor water quality. The MLAs were fabricated using the LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) technology which allows a high integration level between chemical, microfluidics and electronics platforms on the same substrate. The amperometric MLA was build in order to integrate channels, mixers and electrodes (reference, auxiliary and work) being the last one easily removable making the device even more versatile. It also has, integrated on its surface, a potentiostate capable of applying constant voltages and precisely recording currents in the range from nA to A. With this equipment, measurements were conducted for free chlorine and iron, confirming the functionality of the amperometric MLA. Concentrations from 0,1 to 3 mM of K4Fe(CN)6 were evaluated obtaining a linear range from 0,1 to 0,75 mM with a linear correlation coefficient of 0,997 and a RSD of 1,91 % (calculated for the 0,75 mM sample with n = 13). Free chlorine was evaluated in the range from 0,35 to 7,10 mM obtaining a linear response with a r2 = 0,998, the obtained RSD was 1,93 % (for 3,5 mM; n = 15). Free chlorine was also evaluated in real samples from swimming pools in the range from 0,4 to 1,1 mg·L-1, comparing the results with those obtained by the colorimetric DPD method, showing similar values with a r2 = 0,91. The photometric MLA follows the same principle of the amperometric one, with channels, mixers, flow cell, detector, LEDs array (420, 480, 515, 565, 590, 630 e 700 nm) and control electronics, integrated in the same substrate. This equipment was developed for two operation modes: spectrophotometric and photometric. The spectrophotometric mode was used for qualitative and quantitative determination of different dyes (methyl orange, methylene blue, bromocressol green and phenol red). The photometric option was used for the determination of phosphate concentration in water, by means of a fully automated system. In this case the control of several valves and a peristaltic pump allowed the implementation or automated procedures like multicommutation, binary sampling and stopped flow. The use of this automated system allowed the comparison between two methods for sample preparation: online dilution (with valves) and manual preparation. In both cases two concentration ranges were evaluated (0,1 a 1 mg L-1 and 1,5 a 15 mg L-1). The first range linear for both sample preparation methods, with detection limits of 15,8 g L-1 e 14,9 g L-1 for orthophosphate. On the other side it was observed that in the second range of concentrations it does not obey the Beers law. In the second range, the analytics curve was linear in the interval from 1,5 to 7,5 mg L-1 of orthophosphate with a r2 = 0,965 and a RSD of 0,43 % (7,5 mg L-1, n = 3). The analytical frequency was about 30 determinations per hour, which indicates a good performance of the proposed device for on-line and real time monitoring.

Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos MicroLaboratórios Autônomos (MLA), baseados no conceito de MicrosSistemas de Análise Total (TAS), que permitem a integração das etapas associadas ao método analítico em único dispositivo. Os MLA foram fabricados utilizando a tecnologia LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics), que permitiu um alto grau de integração das plataformas químicas microfluídica e eletrônica, utilizando o mesmo substrato. O MLA amperométrico foi construído de forma a integrar canais, misturadores e eletrodos (auxiliar, de referência e de trabalho (sendo o último facilmente removível, tornando o dispositivo mais versátil)). Também, possui integrado em sua superfície um potenciostato, capaz de aplicar potenciais constantes e registrar com precisão correntes na faixa de nA a A. Com o equipamento, foram realizadas medições de cianeto de ferro e cloro livre confirmando a funcionalidade do MLA amperométrico. Para tal, foram testadas concentrações de K4Fe(CN)6 variando de 0,1 3 mM, apresentando faixa linear de 0,1 a 0,75 mM com coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,997 e RSD de 1,91 % (calculado para a amostra de 0,75 mM, n = 13). Cloro livre foi medido na faixa de 0,35 7,10 mM apresentando resposta linear com r2 = 0,998, o RSD obtido foi de 1,93 % (3,5 mM; n = 15). O cloro livre foi medido em amostra reais de piscinas na faixa 0,4 a 1,1 mg L-1 e os resultados foram comparados com o método DPD (Ndietil- p-fenilenodiamina) apresentando resultados similares com r2 = 0,91. O MLA fotométrico segue o mesmo princípio do amperométrico com canais, misturadores, célula de fluxo, detector, arranjo de LEDs (420, 480, 515, 565, 590, 630 e 700 nm) e eletrônica de controle integrados no mesmo substrato. O equipamento foi desenvolvido permitindo dois modos de operação: espectrofotômetro e fotômetro. No modo espectrofotométrico foi empregado na determinação qualitativa e quantitativa de diversos corantes (alaranjado de metila, azul de metileno, verde de bromocressol e vermelho de fenol). Já na opção fotométrico foi usado na determinação de fósforo reativo em águas, por meio de um sistema completamente automatizado. Neste caso, o controle de diversas válvulas e uma bomba peristáltica permitiu a implementação de procedimentos de automatização como: multicomutação, amostragem binária e parada de fluxo (stopped flow. A utilização deste sistema automatizado permitiu a comparação entre dois métodos de preparações de amostra: diluição on-line (utilizando as válvulas) e preparadas manualmente. Para ambos os casos foram analisadas duas faixas de concentrações (0,1 a 1 mg L-1 e 1,5 a 15 mg L-1). A primeira faixa apresentou-se linear para ambos os métodos de preparação de amostra, apresentando limites de detecção para fósforo reativo de 15,8 g L-1 e 14,9 g L-1. Por outro lado, foi observado que a segunda faixa de concentração não obedece à lei de Beer. Na segunda faixa, a curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de 1,5 a 7,5 mg L-1 de fósforo reativo com r2 = 0,965 e RSD de 0,43 % (7,5 mg L-1, n = 3). A frequência de medições analíticas foi de 30 determinações por hora, o que indica que a plataforma proposta pode ser utilizada em monitoramente contínuo e de tempo real. / Analysis System (uTAS) concept which allows the integration of all steps related to an analytical process in a single device. The developed MLAs were used to monitor water quality. The MLAs were fabricated using the LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) technology which allows a high integration level between chemical, microfluidics and electronics platforms on the same substrate. The amperometric MLA was build in order to integrate channels, mixers and electrodes (reference, auxiliary and work) being the last one easily removable making the device even more versatile. It also has, integrated on its surface, a potentiostate capable of applying constant voltages and precisely recording currents in the range from nA to A. With this equipment, measurements were conducted for free chlorine and iron, confirming the functionality of the amperometric MLA. Concentrations from 0,1 to 3 mM of K4Fe(CN)6 were evaluated obtaining a linear range from 0,1 to 0,75 mM with a linear correlation coefficient of 0,997 and a RSD of 1,91 % (calculated for the 0,75 mM sample with n = 13). Free chlorine was evaluated in the range from 0,35 to 7,10 mM obtaining a linear response with a r2 = 0,998, the obtained RSD was 1,93 % (for 3,5 mM; n = 15). Free chlorine was also evaluated in real samples from swimming pools in the range from 0,4 to 1,1 mg·L-1, comparing the results with those obtained by the colorimetric DPD method, showing similar values with a r2 = 0,91. The photometric MLA follows the same principle of the amperometric one, with channels, mixers, flow cell, detector, LEDs array (420, 480, 515, 565, 590, 630 e 700 nm) and control electronics, integrated in the same substrate. This equipment was developed for two operation modes: spectrophotometric and photometric. The spectrophotometric mode was used for qualitative and quantitative determination of different dyes (methyl orange, methylene blue, bromocressol green and phenol red). The photometric option was used for the determination of phosphate concentration in water, by means of a fully automated system. In this case the control of several valves and a peristaltic pump allowed the implementation or automated procedures like multicommutation, binary sampling and stopped flow. The use of this automated system allowed the comparison between two methods for sample preparation: online dilution (with valves) and manual preparation. In both cases two concentration ranges were evaluated (0,1 a 1 mg L-1 and 1,5 a 15 mg L-1). The first range linear for both sample preparation methods, with detection limits of 15,8 g L-1 e 14,9 g L-1 for orthophosphate. On the other side it was observed that in the second range of concentrations it does not obey the Beers law. In the second range, the analytics curve was linear in the interval from 1,5 to 7,5 mg L-1 of orthophosphate with a r2 = 0,965 and a RSD of 0,43 % (7,5 mg L-1, n = 3). The analytical frequency was about 30 determinations per hour, which indicates a good performance of the proposed device for on-line and real time monitoring.