Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to New Product Development-literature by expanding the analysis of the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development in three areas, i.e. the outsourcing of manufacturing, uncertainty and time-criticality, and field service. The thesis focuses on interface challenges and solutions which concern three questions: How does the level of outsourcing of manufacturing affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the presence of uncertainty and time-criticality affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the need to consider field service requirements affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? The background and point of departure is the realization that there are three areas which influence the management of the important, dynamic interface between R&D and manufacturing. First, the level of outsourcing of manufacturing is increasing in many industries, which makes it even more demanding to manage the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development. Second, complex product development may also be characterized by uncertainty and time-criticality, and previous research indicates that these factors need to be handled differently. Third, it is increasingly important to consider not only R&D and manufacturing, but also field service requirements. The research methodology rests on a multiple case study approach where the main case used in this thesis is an extreme case in terms of uncertainty, R&D intensity and volume levels, i.e. Micronic Laser Systems. The main findings of the thesis revolve around the identification of the challenges and solutions involved in complex product development. Based on five research papers, the thesis identifies challenges associated with each of the three research questions, and all challenges identified revolve around how to identify and understand conflicting requirements, to establish an understanding of changing prerequisites and their implications, and to ensure active involvement and a certain degree of competence overlap between organizational functions (internal as well as external). The solutions identified for handling these challenges have one thing in common, namely a focus on achieving controlled responsiveness and flexibility based on an understanding of tradeoffs, interaction, and informed decision-making. These solutions differ from those prescribed in conventional product development literature which tends to focus on upfront planning techniques and how to follow plans. The findings may be of value to a variety of managers in different environments, in particular for project managers who are involved in complex product development. The main reason is that this kind of product development exhibits challenges and solutions different from those described in conventional literature on new product development, at least in cases where there is some degree of uncertainty.

The Internet is dramatically changing the way we communicate, and it is becoming increasingly important for communication services to adapt to context in which they are used. The goal of this thesis was to research how Google Glass and WebRTC can be used to create a communication system tailored for field service support. A prototype was created where an expert is able to provide guidance for a field technician who is wearing Google Glass. A live video feed is sent from Glass to the expert from which the expert can select individual images. When a still image is selected it is displayed to the technician through Glass, and the expert is able to provide instructions using real time annotations. An algorithm that divides the selected image into segments was implemented using WebGL. This made it possible for the expert to highlight objects in the image by clicking on them. The thesis also investigates different options for accessing the hardware video encoder on Google Glass. / Internet har dramatiskt ändrat hur vi kommunicerar, och det blir allt viktigare för kommunikationssystem att kunna anpassa sig till kontexten som de används i. Målet med det här examensarbetet var att undersöka hur Google Glass och WebRTC kan användas för att skapa ett kommunikationssystem som är skräddarsytt för support av fälttekniker. En prototyp skapades som låter en expert ge vägledning åt en fälttekniker som använder Google Glass. En videoström skickas från Glass till experten, och denne kan sedan välja ut enstaka bilder ur videon. När en stillbild väljs så visas den upp på Glass för teknikern, och experten kan sedan ge instruktioner med hjälp av realtidsannoteringar. En algoritm som delar upp den utvalda bilden i segment implementerades med WebGL. Den gjorde det möjligt för experten att markera objekt i bilden genom att klicka på dem. Examensarbetet undersöker också olika sätt att få tillgång till hårdvarukodaren för video i Google Glass.

Tidigare forskning har påvisat att ERP-system och komplexa system överlag lider av användbarhetsproblem och låg användarupplevelse. Eftersom ERP-system måste bearbeta och integrera stora mängder av data ställer det ännu högre krav på användbarhet och användarupplevelse när användare vill få åtkomst till denna data via mobila enheter. PACMAD modellen som är en relativt ny användbarhet modell bygger vidare på tidigare etablerade modeller såsom ISO-standarden och Nielsens teorier om användbarhet och kompletterar några av de brister som existerande användbarhetsmodeller har gällande mobila applikationer. Modellen bygger på befintliga teorier i användbarhet men är anpassad speciellt för applikationer som används på mobila enheter. PACMAD-modellen innehåller samtliga attribut för både ISO-standarden och Nielsens modell men introducerar även attributet kognitiv belastning som är av särskild betydelse för mobila applikationer. För att besvara vår frågeställning utfördes workshops och intervjuer hos två leverantörer av ERP-modulen Field Service Management. Utifrån resultatet från dessa utfördes användbarhetstester med slutanvändare från båda leverantörer i form av observation test för att mäta dess effektivitet och verkningsgrad och NASA task load test för att mäta applikationernas kognitiva belastning. Resultatet påvisade att deras befintliga applikation led av stora användbarhetsproblem samt att utformningen av applikationerna beaktade inte faktorer såsom användare, kontext och uppgift. De upptäckter som gjordes i bidrog till framtagning av en ny prototyp med hjälp av etablerade designmönster och PACMAD-modellen som ställdes mot existerande litteratur, testades igen samt jämfördes med deras befintliga applikation. Detta utgjorde studiens huvudsakliga resultat att navigationen bestod av för många steg, att det fanns avsaknad av funktionalitet och hög kognitiv belastning. De nyckelord som var huvudsakliga för slutsatsen var “konsekvens”, “tydlighet” och “struktur” och förklarar designprocessen som utgjorde många upptäckter där företagen inte följde etablerade designmönster eller användbarhet modeller. Dessa nyckelord ägde stor tyngd för att öka användbarhet och användarupplevelse.

Dans les élevages laitiers d’aujourd’hui, les déplacements de la caillette sont parmi les conditions chirurgicales les plus souvent rencontrées. Le pronostic pour ces pathologies est cependant très différent que l’on soit en présence d’une dilatation de la caillette à droite (DCD) ou d’un volvulus de la caillette (VC). En pratique, la distinction en période préopératoire entre ces deux conditions est difficile. Afin de limiter les pertes économiques associées aux DCD/VC, l’identification et la réforme précoce des animaux ayant le plus grand risque d’avoir une mauvaise évolution postopératoire deviennent des enjeux de premier plan. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la valeur pronostique de la L-lactatémie (LAC) mesurée à la ferme en préopératoire à l’aide d’un appareil portatif chez des vaches souffrant de DCD ou VC et de suggérer des seuils de LAC cliniquement significatifs. Nos résultats indiquent que la LAC est un bon indicateur pronostique lors de DCD/VC. Une LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L est un bon indicateur de succès chirurgical et s’avère très utile pour appuyer la décision d’opérer l’animal (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 et 93.1%). Par ailleurs, il n’y a aucun avantage économique à effectuer une chirurgie chez des vaches commerciales souffrant de DCD/VC qui ont une LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 28.6, 97.5, 75 et 84%). Par conséquent, ces animaux devraient, dans la plupart des cas, être réformés en raison de la probabilité élevée qu’ils aient une mauvaise évolution postopératoire. / Abomasal displacement is among the most commonly encountered surgical disorder in modern dairy herds. Prognosis, however, varies widely among type of abomasal displacement, and preoperative diagnostic may be difficult to assess. To control the economic loss associated with abomasal disorders, especially right displaced abomasum (RDA) and abomasal volvulus (AV), early identification and culling of animals at higher risk of developing a surgical failure (SF) would be of interest. The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic value of preoperative L-lactate concentration (LAC) measured on farm with a portable clinical analyzer for cows with RDA or AV, and to suggest LAC clinical relevant decision thresholds. Our results showed that LAC was correlated with the prognosis of RDA/AV. A LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L seemed to be good indicator of surgical success and would be useful to support a surgical decision (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 and 93.1%; respectively). On the other hand, there is no economic advantage to perform a surgery on commercial cows with RDA/AV that have LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L and these animals should potentially be culled according to their high probability of SF (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 28.6, 97.5, 75 and 84%; respectively).

University officials have identified a problem among secondary preservice teachers (SPTs) who have expressed reluctance to teach in local urban schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the perceptions of SPTs regarding their preparation for and experiences with teaching in urban school settings. Vygotsky's zone of proximal development and Bruner's concept of scaffolding served as the conceptual frameworks that guided this study. Data were collected from 11 SPTs who completed the requirements of their field service experiences in urban schools. Data collection consisted of individual interviews, one focus group interview, and field observations. Findings showed that SPTs desire to make a difference in urban schools, lack confidence in managing culturally diverse classrooms, and desire more faculty guidance in working with diverse populations. SPTs asserted that they need more research-based teaching strategies and urban field experiences. Implications for social change include more collaboration among university faculty, urban school principals, mentor teachers, and community organizations. Findings may be used to prepare SPTs to serve culturally diverse populations, which may improve students' academic achievement in urban classrooms.

Dans les élevages laitiers d’aujourd’hui, les déplacements de la caillette sont parmi les conditions chirurgicales les plus souvent rencontrées. Le pronostic pour ces pathologies est cependant très différent que l’on soit en présence d’une dilatation de la caillette à droite (DCD) ou d’un volvulus de la caillette (VC). En pratique, la distinction en période préopératoire entre ces deux conditions est difficile. Afin de limiter les pertes économiques associées aux DCD/VC, l’identification et la réforme précoce des animaux ayant le plus grand risque d’avoir une mauvaise évolution postopératoire deviennent des enjeux de premier plan. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la valeur pronostique de la L-lactatémie (LAC) mesurée à la ferme en préopératoire à l’aide d’un appareil portatif chez des vaches souffrant de DCD ou VC et de suggérer des seuils de LAC cliniquement significatifs. Nos résultats indiquent que la LAC est un bon indicateur pronostique lors de DCD/VC. Une LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L est un bon indicateur de succès chirurgical et s’avère très utile pour appuyer la décision d’opérer l’animal (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 et 93.1%). Par ailleurs, il n’y a aucun avantage économique à effectuer une chirurgie chez des vaches commerciales souffrant de DCD/VC qui ont une LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs prédictives positive et négative de respectivement 28.6, 97.5, 75 et 84%). Par conséquent, ces animaux devraient, dans la plupart des cas, être réformés en raison de la probabilité élevée qu’ils aient une mauvaise évolution postopératoire. / Abomasal displacement is among the most commonly encountered surgical disorder in modern dairy herds. Prognosis, however, varies widely among type of abomasal displacement, and preoperative diagnostic may be difficult to assess. To control the economic loss associated with abomasal disorders, especially right displaced abomasum (RDA) and abomasal volvulus (AV), early identification and culling of animals at higher risk of developing a surgical failure (SF) would be of interest. The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic value of preoperative L-lactate concentration (LAC) measured on farm with a portable clinical analyzer for cows with RDA or AV, and to suggest LAC clinical relevant decision thresholds. Our results showed that LAC was correlated with the prognosis of RDA/AV. A LAC ≤ 2 mmol/L seemed to be good indicator of surgical success and would be useful to support a surgical decision (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 76.2, 82.7, 53.3 and 93.1%; respectively). On the other hand, there is no economic advantage to perform a surgery on commercial cows with RDA/AV that have LAC ≥ 6 mmol/L and these animals should potentially be culled according to their high probability of SF (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 28.6, 97.5, 75 and 84%; respectively).

The diploma thesis is focused on customers satisfaction research with provided services. The goal is to find out, evaluate and determine of such steps, which will bring increasing of satisfaction in future. The theoretical part focuses on the explanation of concepts, problems in marketing research and marketing of services. The second part includes questionnaires and data evaluation procedures.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det emotionella arbetet upplevs, hanteras och inverkar på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i polisarbetet under arbetstid hos två kategorier poliser i yttre tjänst. Den första kategorin är de som har mellan 0–5 års erfarenhet. Den andra kategorin har mer än fem års erfarenhet. Första frågeställningen undersöker hur respektive kategori poliser i yttre tjänst beskriver att de upplever och hanterar det emotionella arbetet i tjänsten. Den andra frågeställningen undersöker i vilken mån individuella egenskaper som surface acting, deep acting och rollspel är viktiga i ett riskfyllt yrke. Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en abduktiv ansats. Urvalet är en blandning av subjektivt urval och snöbollsurval. Empirin inhämtades genom tio semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer. Poliserna hanterar emotioner i arbetet enligt Hochschilds (1983/2012) begrepp surface acting och deep acting. Detta genom att gå in i rollen och anpassa sina känslor utifrån situationen. Kollegialt stöd och mental förberedelse visade sig vara ett vedertaget sätt att hantera känslorna, men även humor. Generellt upplevde poliserna att deras tid i yrket har betydelse för hur de hanterar de emotionella arbetet. Slutligen visar denna studie att upplevda och möjliga konsekvenser av arbetet kan vara obalans i den emotionella dissonansen och avtrubbning. / The purpose of the study is to investigate how the emotional work is experienced, handled and affects the psychosocial work environment in police work during working hours with two categories of police officers in field service. Those between 0-5 years and more than five years of experience. The first question investigates how each category of police officers in field service describe that they experience and handle the emotional work in the service. The second question investigates in what extent are individual characteristics such as surface acting, deep acting and role-playing are important in a risky profession. The study has been based on a qualitative research strategy with an abductive approach. The sample is a mixture of subjective selection and snowball selection. The empirical data was obtained through ten semi-structured telephone interviews. The police handle emotions at work according to Hochschild's (1983/2012) concept of surface acting and deep acting. This by going into the role and adapting their feelings based on the situation. Collegial support and mental preparation proved to be an accepted way of dealing with emotions, but also humour. In general, the police felt that their time in the profession was important for how they handle the emotional work. Finally, this study shows that perceived and possible consequences of the work can be an imbalance in the emotional dissonance and blunting.