No description available.

No description available.

By reflecting upon the works I make and my thoughts surrounding them I've been looking to develop my way of understanding and working with art. By looking at both creative and emotional aspects underlying the artistic process I try to understand what impact they have on both the art and the artist. Through my working process and by writing about my thoughts and emotions during this project I come to the conclusion that this is what can be referred to as a cathartic experience for me.

Mon travail de thèse vise à saisir les conséquences d’un recours de plus en plus massif à des entreprises privées lucratives, comme les agences d’intérim, dans un secteur historiquement non lucratif, l’Aide Sociale à l’Enfance. Face à ces processus d’externalisation et de sous-traitance de l’action publique, la thèse propose une analyse conjointe des transformations de l’action sociale et des nouvelles formes d’emploi. Dans les foyers de l’enfance, l’embauche de personnel socio-éducatif moins formé, moins cher ou en contrats courts - CDD, intérimaires, auto-entrepreneurs, etc.-, soulève de nombreuses contradictions sur l’activité même du travail social consistant, pour une part, à limiter la précarité des bénéficiaires. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique de quatre années, comprenant des entretiens, allant du personnel socio-éducatif aux cadres et responsables de structures sociales, et des observations participantes en tant qu’éducatrice spécialisée dans deux foyers de l’enfance, cette recherche s’interroge donc sur le phénomène de précarisation qui touche de manière concomitante, mais non symétrique, les publics et les agents des services sociaux. À la croisée d’une sociologie du travail social, de l’emploi et des rapports sociaux, la thèse présente d’un côté les nouveaux modes de gestion de l’emploi qui s’enracinent dans un contexte plus général de reconfiguration de politiques sociales et de l’autre, une analyse du travail du social au prisme de l’emploi atypique. / The purpose of my thesis is to assess the consequences of the rapidly expanding use of private companies, e.g. temporary employment agencies, in an area – child welfare – that hitherto had always been not-for-profit. Confronted with the externalisation and outsourcing of public services, the thesis proposes a joint analysis of the transformations of social work and the new forms of employment. In child welfare centres, the hiring of less-well-trained personnel on lower pay, or the recruitment of temp workers, freelancers or staff on short-term contracts, reveals a number of contradictions about the true nature of social work consisting, for one thing, in limiting the precarious situation of beneficiaries. Based on a four-year ethnographic survey comprising interviews with persons ranging from child welfare staff to managers and heads of social structures, combined with the observations made as a specialised child educator in two child welfare centres, this research examines the phenomenon of the casualization of employment affecting in tandem, but not symmetrically, both the children in need of support and social workers. At the crossroads of the sociology of social work, employment and social relations, the thesis presents, 1) the new ways of managing employment that are taking root as part of a general reconfiguration of social policies and 2), an analysis of the work of social services seen through the prism of the new forms of employment referred to above

At work and in the family, people do emotional work to meet other people's emotional needs, improve their wellbeing, and maintain social harmony. Emotional work is unique and skilled work - it involves handling emotions and social relationships and its product is the change of feeling in others. ¶ The thesis extends the work of Erickson and Wharton (1993, 1997) and England (1992, England & Farkas, 1986) by adding a psychological perspective. Emotional work is defined in terms of behaviours. Three dimensions, companionship, help and regulation, distinguish whether positive or negative emotions in other people are the target of emotional work. Companionship builds positive emotions, whereas help and regulation repairs and regulates negative emotions. ¶ Two studies, the Public Service Study (n=448) and the Health Care Study (n=261), sample different work and family role contexts (spouse, parent, kinkeeper and friendship, manager, workmate and service roles). The Integrative Emotional Work (IEW) Inventory was developed to assess emotional work in these roles. ¶ Emotional work is not just women's work. Younger people and those from ethnic minority backgrounds also do more emotional work. In contexts where it is not rewarded, emotional work is done by those with lower status. Emotional work is responsive and increases when other people are distressed. It is an aspect of the domestic division of labour, and influenced by workplace climate. Although personality is a factor, some determinants are modifiable. People do more emotional work when they have the skills, when it is saliently prescribed, and when it is rewarded and recognised. ¶ Emotional work is costly to those who do it and combines in its effects across work and family roles. When people do emotional work they 'catch' emotions from others (Hatfield, Cacioppo, & Rapson, 1994). Handling positive emotions in others improves wellbeing. However, handling negative emotions in others relates to a wide range of psychological health problems. These health costs are mitigated when emotional work is rewarded. Emotional work's devaluation sets in train social group differences in its performance, and confers both material (England & Folbre, 1999) and health disadvantages on those who do it.

<p> Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på emotionellt arbete i form av bland annat "surface och deep acting", emotionell dissonans och kundinteraktioner. Denna studie ämnade besvara frågeställningen: Har ålder respektive yrkeserfarenhet samband med en SJ AB anställds grad av emotionellt arbete i kundkontakter? Urvalet bestod av 65 anställda från ett flertal SJ Resebutiker i Sverige. Resultat visade att äldre anställda och anställda med längre yrkeserfarenhet hade ett starkare samband med krav och välmående på arbetet. Detta visar att det alltså är de som klarar emotionellt arbete bättre. I denna studie hade rollagerande en stor betydelse för de anställda. En kvalitativ studie skulle eventuellt kunna ge ett annorlunda och mer komplext resultat mot vad denna kvantitativa studie gjort.</p>

Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på emotionellt arbete i form av bland annat "surface och deep acting", emotionell dissonans och kundinteraktioner. Denna studie ämnade besvara frågeställningen: Har ålder respektive yrkeserfarenhet samband med en SJ AB anställds grad av emotionellt arbete i kundkontakter? Urvalet bestod av 65 anställda från ett flertal SJ Resebutiker i Sverige. Resultat visade att äldre anställda och anställda med längre yrkeserfarenhet hade ett starkare samband med krav och välmående på arbetet. Detta visar att det alltså är de som klarar emotionellt arbete bättre. I denna studie hade rollagerande en stor betydelse för de anställda. En kvalitativ studie skulle eventuellt kunna ge ett annorlunda och mer komplext resultat mot vad denna kvantitativa studie gjort.

The following bachelor thesis in sociology, written by Dalibor Garic in the spring of 2021 at Linnaeus University in Växjö Sweden, named: Emotional work in the restaurant industry: a qualitative sociological study is focused on the emotional work of an increasing service sector or more determined in the restaurant industry. The main purpose od the study was to identify which regulatory strategies frontline employees use when attending troublesome customers but also what strategies they adopt under ordinary conditions. The choice of method was semi- structured qualitative interviews of elev respondent. The theoretical framwork used was Hochschild`s emotion sociological perspektiv, which laid the foundation for research on emotional work as early as 1983. Goffman`s dramaturgical theory, which is part of the symbolic interactionism, contributed to understanding of the dramaturgical parts of the elements of service. The most important results of the study show highly individual differences in the different regulatory strategies. Despite of the differences it was possible to distinguish the following tendencies: employees whith a higher sense of the professional role and whit greater experience had it easier to use both deep-acting (DA) and surface-acting (SA) as regulatory strategies in combination with decrease, neutralization or masking of inappropriate feelings, depending on how difficult the customer is. Temporary employees with weak professional role identification used surface-acting to a greater extent and they were generally emotionally uninvolved in their work. Other results that the study contributes to the research field are that service emplyees use cognitive regulation strategy in improving satisfaction with their work, including emotional transmission from customer. Altso that perfect professional role adjustment and dramaturgical discipline is sought by organizations, customers and by service prviders.

Sedan flera år tillbaka har kvinnor inte haft samma förutsättningar inom polisbranschen som män, däremot har polisyrket på senare år blivit mer jämställt. Allt fler kvinnor kommer in i branschen och arbetar i yttre tjänst. Av denna anledning har samhällets förväntningar på polisyrket förändrats och utvecklats - men än idag finns särskilda förväntningar på poliskvinnor. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur kvinnliga poliser i yttre tjänst skapar och formar en yrkesroll och professionell identitet i förhållande till polismyndighetens traditionellt sett maskulina arbetsplatsnormer. Denna kvalitativa studie har genomfört 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer av kvinnliga poliser som arbetar i yttre tjänst i Sverige. Med ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv har detta arbete en utgångspunkt i teorier som berör normativt beteende, rolltagande, traditionella könsroller och identitetsskapande. Studien resulterade i att poliskvinnor formar en professionell identitet i förhållande till arbetsplatsen och dess arbetsplatsnormer, och även i förhållande till samhällets förväntningar på yrkesrollen. Kvinnliga poliser har en yrkesroll som utstrålar trygghet och medför lugn, vilket återspeglar ett emotionellt arbete. Detta bidrar till att poliskvinnor har ett stort socialt ansvar när de arbetar och förväntas vara omhändertagande / For several years, women have not had the same conditions in the police force as men, but in recent years the police profession has become more equal. More and more women are entering the industry and working in external service. For this reason, society's expectations of the police profession have changed and developed - but even today there are special expectations of police women. The aim of this study is to analyze how female police officers in external service create and shape a professional role and professional identity in relation to the police force’s traditionally masculine workplace norms. This qualitative study has conducted 10 semi-structured interviews of female police officers working in external service in Sweden. From a social psychological perspective, this work is based on theories that concern normative behavior, role-playing, traditional gender roles and identity creation. The study resulted in police women forming a professional identity in relation to the workplace and its workplace norms, and also in relation to society's expectations of the professional role. Female police officers have a professional role that radiates security and brings calm, which reflects an emotional work. This contributes to police women having a great social responsibility when they work and that they are expected to be caring.

This is a qualitative study with the purpose of examining the emotional labor affecting socialworkers, working with children and youths, and whether they get sufficient support to manage their work tasks. The study aims to answer the two following questions: “Do socialworkers, working with children and youths, feel that they are emotionally affected by their work and if so, how do they manage this?” and “In what ways is support from the workplace crucial to manage the emotional labor?”. The theories that this study is based on are Hochschild's theory about emotional labor, Goffman’s dramaturgical theory and organizational theory. Four qualitative interviews with social workers, working with children and youths, were conducted and the data was analyzed in accordance with Braun and Clarke’s (2008) thematic analysis.The findings indicate that social workers, working with children and youths, are emotionallyaffected by their work, both in positive and negative ways. To manage this they account fordifferent ways to work with their emotions, for instance they enter a professional role, convey certain feelings and hide some feelings. The findings also indicate that support from the workplace is essential to manage the emotional aspects of the work and avoid negative workrelated consequences for the social workers. This entails support from colleagues andstability within the organization, but some also indicate that support from family and a stablehome is a necessity to be able to manage the emotional aspect of work.