O aprendizado, os conhecimentos e competências matemáticas para um bom desenvolvimento pessoal, de um cidadão que vive em nossa sociedade moderna e capitalista, envolve também lidar com suas finanças, seus rendimentos, seus gastos, despesas, salários, poupança, ética, sustentabilidade, etc. Aperfeiçoar muitas dessas habilidades, para um melhor planejamento e tomada de decisão, exigem uma boa e adequada Educação Financeira que, por sua vez, não pode ser almejada sem o desenvolvimento da Matemática Financeira. Fica assim estabelecida, mais uma vez, a importância da Matemática na formação de um cidadão consciente de seus direitos e deveres. Além do aprendizado cotidiano, essa educação acontece, ou ao menos deveria acontecer, também no ambiente escolar, cujos processos de ensino são permeados por diversos instrumentos auxiliares e dentre estes, um que merece destaque, o Livro Didático. Destaque esse tão evidente que preocupado com a qualidade dos livros, o Ministério da Educação implementa o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, por meio do qual avalia aqueles que estão aptos e que poderão ou não ser utilizados na Rede Pública de Educação Básica de todo território nacional. O presente trabalho busca analisar os livros didáticos aprovados pelo PNLD 2015, que tinha como foco as coleções destinadas ao Ensino Médio, com uma leitura minuciosa sobre os assuntos e temas ligados à Educação Financeira, observando quais são as possíveis intenções e o potencial dos exercícios propostos. O norte para tal análise foram os cenários para investigação sugeridos por Ole Skovsmose em seus trabalhos de Educação Matemática Crítica. Encontramos, nas coleções observadas, diversos tipos de exercícios que, em sua grande maioria, não possuíam potencial e/ou contextualização que favorecessem seu entendimento ou que colocassem o aluno em uma posição de descobridor ou investigador. Apesar do entrave encontrado, tais problemas, modificados e desenvolvidos de outra maneira, em direção ao estímulo e desenvolvimento do senso crítico do aluno, possuem grande potencial educativo e de formação cidadã. / The learning, the mathematical knowledge and skills for a good personal development, of a citizen who lives in our modern and capitalist society, it also involves dealing with your finances, your income, your expenses, bills, salary, savings, ethics, sustainability, etc. Improving many of these skills, for a better planning and for the taking of decision, require a good and proper financial education which, in turn, cant be achieve without the development of financial mathematics. Is thus established, once again, the importance of mathematics in the formation of a citizen conscious of their rights and duties. In addition to the everyday learning, this education happens, or at least should happen, also in the school environment, whose teaching processes are permeated by several auxiliary instruments and among these, one that deserves attention, the textbook. Highlight this so clear that worried about the quality of the books, the Ministry of Education implements the National Textbook Program, through which evaluates which book is able and may or may not be used on the public network of basic education of all national territory. This study seeks to analyze the approved textbooks approved by PNLD 2015, that had focused on the collections intended for the high school, with an attentive reading about the topics and issues related to financial education, observing what are the possible intentions and the potential of the proposed exercises. The guide for such analysis were the scenarios suggested by Ole Skovsmose at his works about critical mathematics education. We find, in the collections observed, a several types of exercises that, mostly, didnt have potential and/or contextualization that favors the understanding or put the student in a position of discoverer or investigator. Despite the obstacle found, such problems, modified and otherwise developed towards the encouragement and development of student\'s critical sense, have a great educational potential and a civic formation.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current level of financial education at secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on knowledge of financial education, financial literacy and Standard of the Financial Literacy. At the same time, the results of the international PISA 2012 survey are described here. The essence of the empirical part is a research project. The main objective of this research is to determine whether and how deeply secondary schools incorporate Standard of the Financial Literacy into their School Education Programs. On the basis of this survey, the conclusions as well as suggestions and recommendations for pedagogical practice are presented.

Questa tesi si propone di analizzare il tema dell’alfabetizzazione finanziaria secondo tre differenti prospettive servendosi di dati raccolti da un’indagine appositamente creata e somministrata in Italia tra Settembre 2014 e Febbraio 2015. Il primo capitolo guarda alle determinanti dell’alfabetizzazione finanziaria, concentrandosi sul ruolo dei consulenti finanziari, il secondo assume una prospettiva più psicologica sul tema e il terzo guarda alla mancanza di alfabetizzazione finanziaria quale possibile causa di distorsioni comportamentali finanziarie. Gli interventi tradizionalmente volti al miglioramento della consapevolezza finanziaria sono risultati estremamente costosi e con periodi di decadimento particolarmente brevi in tutto il mondo; l’evidenza empirica presentata in questa tesi suggerisce che una forma di educazione finanziaria più graduale e costante, come quella esercitata dai consulenti finanziari indipendenti, sarebbe più efficace. La conoscenza dei canali relazionali che potenziano il ruolo educativo dei consulenti finanziari, potrebbe aiutare a orientare e meglio calibrare futuri interventi educativi, tenendo a mente, tuttavia, che la competenza teorica non garantisce necessariamente comportamenti finanziariamente corretti. In accordo ai risultati ottenuti, infatti, l’alfabetizzazione finanziaria diminuisce la presenza di distorsioni finanziarie cognitive, ma non ha un effetto significativo sulle quelle emozionali. / This thesis aims at investigating the financial literacy through three different perspectives by analysing the data gathered from an ad-hoc survey carried out in Italy between September 2014 and February 2015. The first chapter looks at the determinants of financial literacy, focusing on the role of financial advisors, the second one takes a psychological perspective on the issue and the last chapter looks at poor financial literacy as a possible antecedent for financial behavioural biases. Traditional educational interventions aimed at improving financial awareness proved to be extremely costly and to have a worryingly short decay period worldwide; the empirical findings presented in this thesis suggest that a more gradual and constant form of financial education, such as the one exerted by independent financial advisors, would be more effective. Being aware of the relational channels that enhance the independent financial advisors’ educational role, may help to orient and better target future educational treatments, bearing in mind, though, that the theoretical financial proficiency does not ensure unbiased downstream behaviours. As a matter of fact, according to the results, financial literacy decreases the presence of cognitive biases, but does not have a significant effect on emotional biases.

The goal of the tesis is to valorize actual situation of formation of economic literacy in secondary professional educatioin in Czech republic and to submit optimization proposals. The goal was reached by research of printed and electronic sources, which revealed, that actual focus in formation of economic literacy is on financial literacy, which is one part of economic literacy as such. That is why thesis elaborates proposals for extention of present situation by additional topics.

The aim of this diploma thesis is an analysis of a level of financial literacy of citizens of Czech Republic. The opening part concentrates on the definition of basic concepts and on the characteristic of financial literacy. The second chapter deals with activities and programs for support of financial literacy on a multinational and European level and describes activities, which support financial literacy in the Czech Republic. The final chapter of this theoretical part contains a summary of the most important concepts of financial literacy in the context of normal civic life. The findings and outcomes of the fourth chapter are based on the processing results of the survey aimed to examine the financial literacy of the sample of respondents. The last part of this thesis is devoted to demonstration of possible activities to increase financial literacy.

Financial planning has often been thought of as the most useful financial resource for the average American family. Prior to the Great Recession of 2008, research on factors that influence financial literacy has been scarce in academic journals. Very few resources are available to help guide household finance. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine factors that influenced financial literacy in U.S. households. Using existing financial literacy quiz questions, a personal financial literacy quiz was given to a sample of Debtors and Non-debtors in the Middle District of North Carolina. An average quiz score was developed for each participant, and was used as the dependent variable for the study. Various survey questions were used to develop 149 independent variables broken up into demographic factors, psychological factors, and financial behaviors for the same participant. Regression analyses were used to determine which of the 149 independent variables were significantly related to financial literacy. Factor analysis was also used to determined factors of financial literacy. The study found 125 significant factors of financial literacy in 16 different categories including: demographic factors, psychological factors, financial actions, financial attitudes, planning actions, mortgage decisions, budgeting habits, goal planning, retirement planning, credit management, income planning, insurance planning, mortgage debt ratios, savings planning, investment planning, and financial self-control. Future studies can expand the sample size to include all 50 states, and to help determine which factors of financial literacy should be used in building a personal financial planning model that all professionals and families can use to maximize personal financial success.

BAKGRUND: Svenskar har generellt ett för lågt privat sparande till sin pension för att kunna upprätthålla en likvärdig konsumtionsnivå som pensionär. Tidigare forskning visar att beteendeekonomiska interventioner är ett kostnadseffektivt sätt att motverka de kognitiva bias som bidrar till att människan inte förmår spara tillräckligt till pensionen. Svenskar är i hög grad medvetna om hållbarhet, att illustrera pensionssparandets potential att främja hållbarhet via en beteendeekonomisk intervention har därför potential att öka intresset för privat pensionssparande. För att effektivisera framtida interventioner av denna typ visar tidigare forskning att finansiell bildning och inramning är relevanta vilket denna studie syftar undersöka vidare för denna kontext. SYFTE: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om det utbredda intresset för hållbarhet kan utnyttjas via en beteendeekonomisk intervention för att på ett mer effektivt sätt öka intresset för det privata pensionssparandet. Studien avser också att undersöka hur den beteendeekonomiska interventionen samvarierar med finansiell bildning och inramning för att kunna skräddarsy framtida interventioner av denna typ. GENOMFÖRANDE: Frågeställningarna besvaras med ett experiment. Experimentet utgörs av sex enkäter, som i sin tur är uppdelade i tre delar; (i) kontrollfrågor, (ii) boosts, och (iii) inramning. I del ett besvarar respondenterna kontrollfrågor rörande bland annat ålder, kön och finansiell bildning. Del två prövar huruvida hållbarhet skapar ett ökat intresse för det privata pensionssparandet via en beteendeekonomisk intervention. Del tre avser att testa vilken inramning som lämpar sig bäst i denna kontext. SLUTSATS: Studien ger starka indikationer på att en implementering av hållbarhet gör den beteendeekonomiska interventionen mer effektiv i att skapa ett intresse för det privata pensionssparandet. Respondentens finansiella bildning är en signifikant indikator på dess benägenhet att anmäla intresse för att lära sig mer om pensionssparande. I denna kontext skapar en förlustinramning starkast incitament till ytterligare informationsinhämtning. / BACKGROUND: Swedes generally have too low private savings for their pension to be able to maintain an equivalent level of consumption as a pensioner. Previous research shows that behavioral economic interventions are a cost-effective way of counteracting the cognitive biases that contribute to people not being able to save enough for retirement. Swedes are highly aware of sustainability, illustrating the potential of pension savings to promote sustainability through a behavioral economic intervention therefore has the potential to increase interest in private pension savings. To streamline future interventions of this type, previous research shows that financial formation and framing are relevant, which this study aims to investigate further for this context. AIM: This study aims to investigate whether the widespread interest in sustainability can be utilized through a behavioral economic intervention to more effectively increase interest in private pension savings. The study also intends to investigate how the behavioral economic intervention covaries with financial education and framing in order to be able to tailor future interventions of this type. COMPLETION: The research questions are answered with an experiment. The experiment consists of six questionnaires, which in turn are divided into three parts; (i) control questions, (ii)boosts, and (iii) framing. In part one, the respondents answer control questions concerning, among other things, age, gender and financial education. Part two examines whether sustainability creates an increased interest in private pension savings through a behavioral economic intervention. Part three intends to test which framing is best suited in this context. CONCLUSION: The study provides strong indications that an implementation of sustainability makes behavioral economic intervention more effective in creating an interest in private pension savings. The respondent's financial education is a significant indicator of its propensity to register an interest in learning more about pension savings. In this context, a loss framework creates the strongest incentive for further information gathering.

The problem that was examined in this research was to develop and test a conceptual model that describes the relationship between personal financial wellness and worker job productivity. The research questions were (1) what is the personal financial wellness profile?; (2) how does the personal financial wellness profile differ by the demographic characteristics?; (3) what is the relationship between financial stressors and personal financial wellness profile?; (4) what is the relationship between personal financial wellness and financial stress level?; (5) what is the worker job productivity profile?; (6) what is the relationship between personal financial wellness and worker job productivity?; (7) what is the relationship between financial stress and worker job productivity?; and (8) what financial education programs do employees want in the future? In order to test a part of the conceptual model, a survey research design was undertaken. A questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. A mail survey (N=474) of white-collar clerical workers of a large employer located in mid-eastern state was conducted during January, February, and March of 1998. From a random sample of 447 (27 out of original 474 were undeliverable), 288 questionnaires were returned (64.4%). Seventeen questionnaires were determined unusable resulting in a 60.4% usable return rate (271/447). In terms of subjective perception, as a group, the respondents were not financially well. In the behavioral assessment, the respondents reported above a mid-point score. On overall financial wellness scales, the respondents were not satisfied with their financial situation. Personal financial wellness was influenced by some of the demographic characteristics and financial stressors. The lower levels of personal financial wellness were related to the financial stress level. Those who have high levels of personal financial wellness reported better performance ratings, less absenteeism, and less work time used for personal financial matters. Workers are interested in comprehensive financial education programs which include retirement education, better use of employee benefits, money management, credit management, and consumer protection. Some workers are not financially well because they have financial problems. If employers can improve personal financial wellness of workers, such as through financial education, it may increase productivity, because personal financial wellness is related to worker productivity. / Ph. D.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o comportamento financeiro de um determinado grupo de alunos, fazendo um diagnóstico do seu conhecimento acerca da Matemática Financeira e da Educação Financeira por meio de dois questionários juntamente com a proposta de três atividades contextualizadas do mesmo assunto, que vislumbram estimular o interesse dos discentes sobre o tema. Para a concretização do projeto foram abordadas durante as aulas ferramentas necessárias aos cálculos e exemplos mais próximos da realidade do aluno, os quais faziam uma reflexão sobre tipos de compras e investimentos. Após a introdução do primeiro questionário e a exibição evolutiva das aulas é pretendido, além de um aperfeiçoamento nos cálculos relacionados à Matemática Financeira, um despertar e uma maturidade para tomada de decisões financeiras em situações cotidianas. / [en] The objective of this work is to investigate the financial behavior of a certain group of students, making a diagnosis of their knowledge about Financial Mathematics and Financial Education through two questionnaires together with the proposal of three contextualized activities on the same subject, which they aim to stimulate the interest of students on the topic. During the course of the project, tools necessary for calculations and examples closer to the student s reality were approached during the classes, which made a reflection on types of purchases and investments. After the introduction of the first questionnaire and the evolutionary display of the classes, it is intended, in addition to an improvement in the calculations related to Financial Mathematics, an awakening and a maturity for making financial decisions in everyday situations.

The need for financial literacy among Americans has become a national topic of interest. Economists, financial professionals, educators, and government officials recognize there is an overall deficit of financial knowledge. More specifically, higher education administrators have become increasingly concerned with ensuring that financial literacy tools are available to college students. Students of today face higher tuition and education-related costs, are less likely to receive grant funding to assist with their educational expenses, and are more likely to be in debt, carrying higher student debt loads than previous generations. Further, students lack the financial knowledge needed to make sound financial decisions. Hence, there is a need for effective financial literacy programs at post-secondary institutions. The purpose of this dissertation in practice (DIP) is to design a comprehensive financial literacy program model for students attending large diverse higher education institutions similar to the University of Central Florida.