"First and foremost in the drama of education is the social scene in which it is enacted. The school is in the midst of all the elements of this scene--the soil and climate; the land, the streams, minerals and timber; the people, black and white; their homes, farms, factories, shops and roads; their work and plan; their houses and gardens; their food and clothing; their churches, amusements and folk-ways; their government; their problems of disease and crime; their poverty, their wealth; their vanishing natural resources; their economic uncertainty; their insecurity of position of place; their joys and sorrows; their children and anxieties for the future." Unless the school is viewed in its relationship to these factors in the social situation, no adequate conception of its task can be gained. The relative importance of the school as a directive agency amid such forces of the culture will depend upon the way in which education conceives its function, organizes and executes its program. Certainly the school cannot be indifferent to the world from which its pupils come each morning and to which they return each evening. Because the writer firmly believes in the preceding statements, it was considered essential to secure information regarding the social and economic conditions of the pupils in her first-grade group of the Chipley Elementary Public School so that an improved and enriched school program may be developed based upon the pupils' and the community's needs. / Typescript. / "July, 1949." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: R. L. Goulding, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).

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Objective : to explore wheeled mobility use by First Nation Elders who live on reserves in Canada. Purpose: to gain an understanding of the importance of Elder cultural participation, the perceptions of the effects of participation on health, how cultural participation has changed since becoming a wheeled mobility user, the barriers to participation, and thoughts on how participation can be improved. Method: A database search of the literature was conducted in an iterative manner from September 2015-June 2017 to locate research related to wheeled mobility. The population of interest was First Nation Elders who live on reserve in Canada. All types of study designs and methods were considered. An interpretive phenomenological study was also conducted in order learn about the lived experiences of First Nation Elder wheeled mobility users in accessing the cultural elements of their communities. Data were collected using a demographic form and a semi-structured interview. Findings: The author did not find any studies on wheeled mobility use by Elders on reserve, or their impacts on cultural participation during the literature review. Several barriers to cultural participation were brought forward during the phenomenological study which included: lack of access to outdoors; lack of transportation; inaccessible paths of travel; lack of access at the events; and feelings of sigma and burden.

This thesis includes two stand-alone articles with the overall purpose of critically exploring experiences related to sport-for-development from the program participants’ perspective on the one hand, and from the practitioners’ perspective on the other. After outlining the research objectives and present a review of literature, theoretical framework, epistemology, methodology, methods, and analysis, the first article focuses on the YLP participants’ experiences with a particular interest on empowerment processes. Specifically, I employed a Critical Youth Empowerment (CYE) framework in relation to youth experiences and larger community involvement with youth programming (Jennings et al., 2006). Photovoice was conducted and supplemented with eleven semi-structured interviews, one focus group and a month-long participant observation. The above-mentioned research was juxtaposed with a second article presenting an autoethnographic account of my own experiences as a practitioner and researcher. My autoethnography mixes theory, methodology, and methods throughout the narrative. My hope was to produce a theoretically rich and reflexive account of the experiences that led me to conceptualize sport-for-development differently. This self-critical piece aims at providing an opportunity for readers to reflect upon and hopefully challenge their own practices, knowledge production, and research orthodoxy.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Sexual identification of immature skeletal remains is still a complicated issue to solve in Forensic Anthropology. Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs. (1) The aim of this study is to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in mandibular first molars. The base sample of the study includes 300 Sudanese (150 males and 150 females). Their ages ranged from 17 to 55. The mesio-buccal (MB) disto-lingual (DL) and the mesio-lingual (ML) disto-buccal (DB) surfaces of the mandibular first molars were measured using a digital Vernier caliper on plaster of Paris study casts. The data was analyzed using the t-test. The results showed statistically significant sexual dimorphisms in male and female odontometric features. The mean values of the parameters were greater in males than in females in both (MBDL and MLDB) with greater sexual dimorphism in the MBDL (MBDL dimorphism =28.672 %) than the MLDB (MLDB dimorphism =21.596 %). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism of 1st molar teeth can aid in the identification of skeletal remains of Sudanese origin.

The North Dakota Teacher Support System (NDTSS) mentoring program is available to 1st-year teachers employed in the state public schools. Because there has been limited research on the topic, the purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of how participation in the mentoring program affects the experiences and developing effectiveness of 1st-year teachers in rural schools, which is important because teacher retention and recruitment are a concern in rural schools. This study was set within a conceptual framework of andragogy and constructivism and guided by 2 research questions that inquired about the experiences of teaching in a rural school and working with an NDTSS mentor through the 1st year of teaching. This descriptive, embedded, single case study focused on 11 new teachers in rural schools who participated in the NDTSS program. Through constant comparison, 11 interviews, 6 sets of conference logs, and 5 performance rubrics were analyzed for the sample as well as NDTSS survey data completed by 154 new teachers. The results led to 11 themes that revealed each participant had unique experiences working with a mentor. Additionally, working with a mentor provided support to deal with challenges and develop teaching effectiveness, especially when there was a positive relationship between the mentor and new teacher. These findings guided the development of a professional development project for rural NDTSS participants, aimed at providing additional support to new teachers as they work with their mentors to develop their teaching identity and effectiveness. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by increasing the understanding, appreciation, and support of the experiences of 1st-year teachers, especially in rural schools, which holds the potential to strengthen teaching and learning in the state's rural schools.

School maladjustment incidence studies estimate that thirty percent of American school children experience school adaptation problems and that about ten percent need immediate clinical attention. (Glidewell, 1969) Various labels, including school maladjustment, school maladaptation, school dysfunction, soclo-emotional disorders and emotional disturbance have been used more or less interchangeably in current research to refer to this thirty percent of the school population. A leading researcher in the field, Emory L. Cowen, considers children to be "maladapted when they are unable, because of prior history and personal qualities or skill deficiencies, to cope with the educational or behavioral demands that the school environment places on them." (Cowen, 1971a) The development of accurate and economical procedures for the early identification of school maladaptation has become the goal of many mental health specialists and educators. Most often emphasis is placed on the need to make more efficient use of the limited mental health facilities available to the school systems. But in addition to case finding and treatment, Initial prevention of school maladaptatlon has been proposed as a long range goal for educational systems. As Cowen points out, the mental health approach requires that we move away from "near exclusive emphasis on repairing rooted dysfunction in favor of exploring programs designed to prevent disorder." (Cowen, 1973).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The presented study contributes to growing and necessary research compilations that include the field of Deaf Education and First Year Composition. The central goal of this study is to better understand what d/Deaf students, American Sign Language interpreters, and writing instructors currently experience when working together in a mainstream writing classroom to conduct clear communication among all participants. To address the support of d/Deaf students in such environments, a review of current literature that intersects the fields of Deaf Education, Disability Studies, and Writing and Rhetoric was conducted. Then, an IRB approved general interview study was conducted with culturally Deaf students, mainstream writing educators, and a nationally certified interpreter of the Deaf. Although this research touches just the very edges of an entire situation of inquiry and discourse, it offers a starting point from which educators and researchers alike can continue to develop further analysis of communication techniques to support d/Deaf writers in the writing classroom at the college level.

Immigrant businesses represent a very large percentage of SMEs in Canada. Significant attention has been given to the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship and their economic contribution to developed countries. However, little is known about the social contributions of these immigrant entrepreneurs to the host country. While the values of immigrant entrepreneurs are rooted in their home culture, they continue to evolve their beliefs and values to integrate into the host country. Emerging literature also affirms that the behaviour of second generation is different from the first generation immigrants. It is known that immigrants’ small business social responsibility (SBSR) is influenced by their home context, but how the host country context influences the SBSR behaviour of different generations is rarely explored. The objective of this study is to understand how society and culture integrate to shape immigrant social responsibility behavior and contributions, with focus on comparing first and second generation. Drawing from mixed embeddedness approach and culture values lens, I theorize about the influence of home country culture and host country context on immigrants SBSR behaviour and the potential consequences of differences in embeddedness on their contributions to the host country. Drawing on 20 detailed semi-structured interviews, I find that irrespective of the differences in generation, immigrants SBSR contributions are influenced by their home culture, their network composition, and the extent to which they are embedded in the host county. At the theoretical level, the mixed embeddedness approach has been augmented by applying it in the field of SBSR. In addition, the study fills a gap by introducing second generation immigrant entrepreneurs’ in SBSR context.

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