Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using interactive whiteboards in the Czech language lessons in the first grade of primary schools. The thesis contains a theoretical part that includes the first three chapters and a practical part that composed of two chapters. In the first charter of the theoretical part is presented the historical development of interactive whiteboards and its gradual implementation into teaching process. The second chapter provides an overview of the requirements that every teacher should take into account when using interactive whiteboards. In the next part are presented most frequently mentioned advantages and disadvantages, both from the perspectives of teachers and students. The main data sources of educational materials are described in the third charter that also contains the specification of different exercises. The practical part of the work is based on the own research that was realized through a questionnaire among 50 teachers. The subject of the fourth chapter is a detailed description of the various questions and also the presentation of the results. Fifth charter focuses on analyzing of the results and there are also introduced the recommendations which, in the author's opinion, should lead to more effective way of teaching with interactive whiteboard.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as vivências da Geografia Escolar pelas crianças no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental a partir do seu protagonismo. Inspirada em princípios qualitativos, tem na Etnografia sua base metodológica, enfocando especialmente o trabalho realizado em duas escolas públicas de Juiz de Fora (MG). Assim, busca aproximar-se dos significados que as crianças atribuem a este campo de saber nas práticas escolares, colocando-os em diálogo com alguns discursos adultos constituintes da Geografia Escolar. Tomando como referencial teórico os estudos da infância e, em especial, a Geografia da Infância, traz as vozes das crianças, sujeitos centrais no processo de antecipação do ingresso obrigatório no Ensino Fundamental para os seis anos de idade. Os achados da investigação foram organizados em três campos interpretativos que reorientam o olhar sobre a política de antecipação do ingresso obrigatório no Ensino Fundamental, bem como a Geografia Escolar com crianças. / This work has aimed to understand the experiences of School Geography by children in the first grade of Elementary School from their role. Inspired by qualitative principles, it has in Ethnography its methodological basis, especially focusing on the work carried out in two public schools in Juiz de Fora (MG). Thus, it seeks to approximate the meanings that children attribute to this field of knowledge in school practices, putting them in dialogue with adults speeches constituents of School Geography. Taking as the theoretical reference childhood studies and in particular the Geography of Childhood, it brings children\'s voices, central subjects in anticipation process of compulsory admission to the Elementary school for six years of age. The findings of the investigation were organized in three interpretative fields that redirect the look on anticipating policy of compulsory entry in Elementary Education, as well as the School Geography with children.

Tittle: Motion regimen of pupils at the first grade of elementary school in conditions of a concrete school Author: Bc. Michaela Srchová Department: Department of physical training Supervisor: Mgr. Věra Kuhnová, Department of physical training at Charles University in Prague, M. D. Rettigové 4, 116 39 Prague 1 Supervisor's email adress: vera.kuhnova@pedf.cuni.cz Abstract: In my diploma thesis I deal with physical activity of primary school children and their motion regimen during the classes. I observe the concrete class. I choose the class 3. E from primary school in Prague - Radotin for my observation. I study a motion regimen at breaks in the school. Than I evaluate if the motion regimen is satisfactory for children from 3. E. Finally, I suggest activities that can enrich the school day of pupils. Key words: Motion regimen, motion activities, pupil, first grade, elementary school

Le premier objectif de ce travail a été de décrire les pratiques d’enseignement de la lecture-Écriture au cours préparatoire et de faire une comparaison entre les résultats obtenus au Portugal et ceux obtenus en France par Fijalkow (2003). 883 enseignants ont rempli un questionnaire. Les résultats montrent que les deux pays ont des résultats proches en ce qui concerne les aspects méthodologiques de l’enseignement de la lecture et l’évaluation des compétences de lecture et d’écriture des élèves. Cependant, les enseignants Portugais ont déclaré qu'ils utilisent plus fréquemment des activités développées à partir de livres de jeunesse, d'autres matériaux que les manuels, et différentes activités d’écriture. Une analyse hiérarchique de clusters a fait apparaître trois groupes d’enseignants: un groupe qui considère la maitrise du code comme le moyen privilégié d’accès à la langue écrite (unités courtes); un autre qui considère que la recherche du sens est essentielle pour l’appropriation de la langue écrite (unités longues); et un groupe intermédiaire (toutes unités). L’observation directe de 42 enseignants a montré l’existence d’un accord entre le questionnaire et les pratiques observés dans 55% des cas. Les élèves des enseignants dont l’observation directe a validé les réponses au questionnaire ont été évalués avec trois épreuves: lecture de mots, décision lexicale et compréhension. Une MANCOVA indiquent que les élèves du groupe toutes unités obtiennent de meilleurs résultats dans les trois épreuves que les élèves des autres groupes. En plus, 'il n'y a pas de différences de performances entre les élèves du groupe unités courtes et les élèves du groupe unités longues. / This study aimed to characterize the teaching practices of written language and understand its impact on reading acquisition by the end of 1st grade. The first step of this study was a descriptive and comparative study to the one conducted by Fijalkow (2003). Based on questionnaire answers of 883 teachers, we found that teachers from both countries have similar approaches regarding methodological aspects of teaching of reading and students’ assessment of reading and writing abilities. However, Portuguese teachers stated that they use more frequently activities from children's literature, other materials besides the manual and different writing proposals than French teachers. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three groups of teachers: a) a group of teachers who focus its practices in teaching the code of written language (short units), b) a group that emphasizes the construction of meaning based on texts (long units), c) and a group of teachers who gathered in their practices characteristics of both groups mentioned above (diversified units). Classroom observations of 42 teachers allowed to confirm questionnaire answers for 55% of the participants.Teachers whose observations were coincident with the questionnaire answers were selected and their students were evaluated using three reading tests: single words reading, lexical decision task and comprehension task. A MANCOVA revealed that students in the diversified unit group obtain better results in all reading tests than students from the other groups. It was also possible to confirm that there were no differences in performance between students of the short units group and students of the long units group. / O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi o de descrever as práticas de ensino da leitura e da escrita no 1º ano de escolaridade e de fazer uma comparação com os resultados obtidos entre Portugal e França (Fijalkow, 2003). 883 professores responderam a um questionário. Os resultados indicam que os dois países apresentam resultados semelhantes relativamente aos aspetos metodológicos do ensino da leitura e dos aspetos de avaliação das competências de leitura e escrita dos alunos. Contudo, os professores portugueses declararam realizar com maior frequência atividades a partir de livros infantis, outros materiais para além do manual e diferentes atividades de escrita. Uma análise hierárquica de clusters revelou três grupos de professores: um grupo que considera o domínio do código como o meio privilegiado de acesso à linguagem escrita (unidades curtas); outro que considera que a procurar de significado é essencial para a apropriação da linguagem escrita (unidades longas); e um grupo intermédio (unidades diversificadas). A observação direta de 42 professores mostrou a existência de acordo entre as práticas relatadas e as práticas observadas em 55% dos casos. Os alunos dos professores cuja observação direta validou a resposta ao questionário foram avaliados com três provas de leitura: leitura de palavras, decisão lexical e compreensão. Uma MANCOVA mostrou que os alunos do grupo unidades diversificadas obtêm melhores resultados em todas as provas do que os alunos dos outros grupos. Mostraram ainda que não existem diferenças de desempenho entre os alunos do grupo unidades curtas e os alunos do grupo unidades longas.

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This investigation concerned two major interests of many classroom teachers today: the pupils' social maturity and their personality. The problem was to determine the apparent relationship between these two factors in pupils of the first, second, and third grades of eight elementary schools in Wichita Falls, Texas.

The three-fold purpose of this study is: 1. To contrast the physical, mental, and emotional development of children who were six to six and one-half years old with those who were older than six and one-half at the beginning of the school year. 2. To contrast the amount of progress made in subject-matter achievement and in emotional development. 3. To determine, by comparison of the two groups, which group had the advantage as far as subject-matter achievement, adjustment, and behavior were concerned.