This thesis was inspired by the ingenuity of the inhabitants of the Florida Avenue Market, in Washington DC. Through small scale iterative design solutions and creative use of public space the residents, street vendors, and small business owners in the area have reinvented their urban condition. Using extremely limited resources, they have created a unique vibrant urban market that provides economic, social and cultural value for their neighborhood and the city. Recent political and economic pressures are causing the market to go through a major transformation. This project will propose an urban design vision for the next evolution of the market which aims accommodate the expansion of Gallaudet University, while celebrating the unique character of the place and dignifying its current users. / Master of Architecture

2 pp. / This publication describes the common insects found in Arizona lettuce through the use of pictures. The insects include; lepidopterous larva, striped flea beetle, leafminer fly, leafminer mine, adult western flower thrips, winged adult aphid, false chinch bug, lygus bug, potato leafhopper, and threecornered alfalfa hopper.

Les puces sont des arthropodes hématophages obligatoires. L’importance des puces en santé publique humaine est surtout liée à leur capacité de transmission d’agents de maladies infectieuses. La présence de ces agents infectieux dans certaines régions et leur association avec différentes espèces de puces restent peu étudiées dans certains endroits du monde. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé par outils épidémiologiques, microbiologiques et moléculaires, la présence de bactéries zoonotiques émergentes chez des puces collectées sur des animaux domestiques et sauvages en France, sur l’île de Tahiti, sur l’île de Bornéo, au Laos et en Algérie. Grâce à nos investigations, nous avons contribué à enrichir la carte de répartition des bactéries véhiculées par les puces.La deuxième partie de notre travail a été initié par la détection dans des puces de Bartonella quintana , alors que cette bactérie est connue pour être habituellement transmise par les poux de corps. Nous avons donc décidé d’étudier cette relation entre les puces et Bartonella quintana. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons mis en place un protocole d’élevage sur membrane artificielle de puces de l’espèce Ctenocephalides felis. Il s’agit du deuxième en Europe. Nous avons ensuite mis au point un système de confinement pour les puces infectées. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle expérimental d’infection des puces par B. quintana. Les résultats préliminaires démontrent un pouvoir d’acquisition de cette bactérie par les puces C. felis et son élimination dans les fèces, qui sont en général la source de contamination des humains par les bartonella. / Fleas are found worldwide on mammals and birds, and are vectors of several zoonoses of public health importance. Consequently, flea-borne infections are emerging or reemerged throughout the world, and their incidence is on the rise. Yet their occurrence in some regions and their association with different flea species remain poorly studied in several countries in the world. We analyzed by epidemiological, microbiological and molecular tools the emerging zoonotic bacteria in fleas collected from wild and domestic animals in France, Tahiti Island, Borneo Island, Laos and Algeria. Through our investigations, we have helped to enrich the map of distribution of bacteria carried by fleas.Although the body louse is considered the main vector of B. quintana, the recent reports of the presence of B. quintana DNA in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and in human fleas (Pulex irritans) were reported. To evaluate the relationship between the fleas and B. quintana, including studies of maintenance and transmissions of B. quintana, require the use of large numbers of live laboratory-raised fleas. A protocol of maintenance and containment of laboratory un-infected and infected fleas were established. Subsequently, we developed an experimental model of infection fleas by B. quintana that is in progress. The preliminary results show a power of acquisition of this bacterium by C. felis fleas.

Estudos recentes demonstraram a existência de Rickettsia felis, riquétsia do Grupo da Febre Maculosa, em sangue de pacientes com quadro clínico compatível com a doença e em pulgas infectadas. Este projeto visa determinar a prevalência de R. felis em vetores (pulgas e carrapatos) e em potenciais reservatórios (gambás, cães, gatos, eqüinos e humanos), procedentes de áreas endêmicas (Mogi das Cruzes, Pedreira, Piracicaba e São Paulo), e não endêmicas (Pirassununga) para FM no Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados métodos moleculares (reação em cadeia pela polimerase e sequenciamento de DNA), diagnóstico sorológico e cultivo celular. Em gambás capturados (Didelphis aurita e Didelphis albiventris) foram colhidas 312 pulgas, pertencentes às Famílias Pulicidae (141), Rhopalopsyllidae (170) e Ctenophthalmidae (1) e 709 carrapatos (Amblyomma spp e Ixodes loricatus). Nos cães foram colhidos 212 pulgas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) e 115 carrapatos (Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma aureolatum e Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Nos gatos foram colhidos 66 pulgas (59 C. felis felis e 7 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi) e 10 carrapatos (R. sanguineus e Amblyomma spp). A colheita de sangue foi realizada em 94 gambás, 55 cães, 25 gatos, 85 eqüinos e 238 humanos. Rickettsia felis foi detectada em 42-45,8% das pulgas C. felis felis de gambás, cães e gatos; em 4% das pulgas Polygenis (N) atopus de gambás e em 1,8% e 0,7% de carrapatos I. loricatus e Amblyomma spp, respectivamente, colhidos de gambás. Rickettsia bellii foi detectada em carrapatos I. loricatus (59,1%), A. dubitatum (8,7%) e Amblyomma spp (0,9%) e em uma pulga P. (N.) atopus (1%). Não foi possível a detecção de infecção por Rickettsia spp em sangue dos animais e humanos. Contudo, constatou-se presença anticorpos frente aos antígenos de Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickttesia parkeri, R. felis e R. bellii nas áreas estudadas. A titulação obtida sugere infecção por R. rickettsii em gambás, cães, eqüinos e humanos e por R. parkeri em gambás, cães e eqüinos. R. felis e R. bellii foram isoladas e cultivadas com a utilização de células C6/36 e VERO, respectivamente. / Recent studies have showed the presence of Rickettsia felis, a spotted fever group Rickettsiae, in human blood with clinical signs compatible with spotted fever and in infected fleas. This work aims to determine the prevalence of R. felis in potential vectors (fleas and ticks) and reservoirs (opossums, dogs, cats, equines and humans) from endemic (Mogi das Cruzes, Pedreira, Piracicaba e São Paulo), and non-endemic (Pirassununga) areas for spotted fever in the State of São Paulo. Molecular probes (polimerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing), serologic diagnoses and cell culture were used. From trapped opossums (Didelphis aurita and Didelphis albiventris) a total of 312 fleas, belonging to Family Pulicidae (141), Rhopalopsyllidae (170) and Ctenophthalmidae (1) and 709 ticks (Amblyomma spp and Ixodes loricatus) were collected. On dogs a total of 212 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) and 115 ticks (Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma aureolatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were collected. On cats, 66 fleas (59 C. felis felis and 7 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi) and 10 ticks (R. sanguineus and Amblyomma spp) were collected. Blood samples were collected from 94 opossums, 55 dogs, 25 cats, 85 equines and 238 humans. Rickettsia felis was detected in 42-45,8% of the C. felis felis collected on opossums, dogs and cats. This same Rickettsia species was detected in 4% of Polygenis (N.) atopus fleas, and 1,8% and 0,7% of I. loricatus and Amblyomma spp ticks, respectively, collected from opossums. Rickettsia bellii was found in ticks I. loricatus (59,1%), A. dubitatum (8,7%) and Amblyomma spp (0,9%) and in a flea P. (N.) atopus (1%). No Rickettsia DNA was detected in animal or human blood samples. However antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, R. felis and R. bellii were detected in all locations. The titers suggest infection by R. rickettsii in opossums, dogs, equines and humans and by R. parkeri in opossums, dogs and equines. R. felis and R. bellii were isolated and cultivated with the C6/36 and VERO cells, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Thais Ribeiro Correia.pdf: 769614 bytes, checksum: dc53e7ee3e823c6268372508d266efaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the activity of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran on the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Fleas used in controlled and in vitro tests were obtained from a colony maintained at Laboratory of Development of Parasiticide Products (LDPP), and the Beagle dogs used for the controlled tests were kept at the same place. Five concentrations of dinotefuran, 0.2085, 0.417, 0.834, 1.668 and 3.336%, were evaluated for in vitro activity on eggs and adults of C. felis felis. Dinotefuran did show low activity on flea eggs, but showed efficacy on adult fleas. Two formulations of dinotefuran were titulated. For spray formulation, 0.834% was selected and for strip-on formulation, 30% was selected. Later, the efficacy of two strip-on formulations, one containing 30% dinotefuran and other with 30% dinotefuran plus 2.575% pyriproxyfen, were evaluated in the control of fleas on dogs. Dogs were infested with 100 adult fleas and evaluated after 48 hours. The efficacy was to 99.5 and 100% for day 1 declining to 76.1 and 72.2% on day 35, respectively. Two spray formulations, one with 0.834% dinotefuran and other with 0.834% dinotefuran plus 0.148% pyriproxyfen, were tested for the control of fleas on dogs. Dogs were infested and evaluated after 48 hours. The efficacy was 100% on day 1 for both formulations, reducing for 66.6% on day 28 and 59.4% on day 35, respectively. Four formulations previously described were tested on naturally infested housed kept-dogs from Serop?dica City, RJ. Animals were evaluated weekly. The efficacies were 95.2 on day 7 and 91.4% on day 56 for the spray formulation with dinotefuran; and 100% on day 7 and 88.1% on day 56 for the spray association. For dinotefuran strip-on were 98.5% on day 7 and 74% on day 56; and 100% on day 7 and 81.1% on day 56 for strip-on association. Residual activity of treated dog s hair with dinotefuran on eggs, larvae and adults of fleas were evaluated. One dog was treated with 0.834% dinotefuran spray, other dog was treated with 30% dinotefuran strip-on and the third was not treated. Some areas of dog s hair were clipped on days 2, 16, 23, 30, 37 and 44 after treatment. For the evaluation of adulticidal, larvicidal and ovicidal activities were used adults, larvae and eggs from the laboratory colony. Six repetitions were used with 10 specimens of each flea stage per day, placed in assay tubes. In each repetition were added 0.02 g of treated or untreated dog s hair and larval diet for immature stages. The adulticidal activity was evaluated during 24 hours, the larvae 20 days after treatment and the eggs 72 after challenge. The residue on hair of both treated dogs showed efficacy on the larval control for 44 days and on egg control at day 2. Regarding the adults control the spray and strip-on formulations showed efficacy until days 16 and 23, respectively. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade do neonicotin?ide dinotefuran sobre Ctenocephalides felis felis. As pulgas utilizadas nos testes in vitro e nos testes controlados foram da col?nia mantida no Laborat?rio de Desenvolvimento de Produtos Parasiticidas (LDPP) da UFRRJ, e os nos testes controlados foram utilizados c?es Beagle oriundos do canil de experimenta??o mantido nas mesmas depend?ncias. Em um teste in vitro foram avaliadas as efic?cias de cinco concentra??es de dinotefuran, 0,2085; 0,417; 0,834, 1,668 e 3,336%, sobre ovos e adultos de C. felis felis. O dinotefuran apresentou atividade parcial sobre os ovos de C. felis felis, por?m se mostrou eficaz no controle de adultos. Duas formula??es de dinotefuran foram tituladas. Das concentra??es testadas para a formula??o spray (0,417; 0,834 e 1,668%), a selecionada foi a de 0,834%, e para a formula??o strip-on (25, 30 e 35%) foi a de 30%. Posteriormente, em um teste controlado, foram avaliadas as efic?cias de duas formula??es strip-on , uma contendo dinotefuran a 30% e outra o mesmo associado ao piriproxifen a 2,575%, no controle de adultos de C. felis felis em c?es Beagle. Os c?es foram infestados semanalmente com 100 pulgas adultas oriundas da col?nia e avaliados ap?s 48 horas. As efic?cias foram de 99,5 e 100% no dia +1 declinando para 76,1 e 72,2% no dia +35, respectivamente. Duas formula??es spray, uma contendo dinotefuran a 0,834% e outra o mesmo associado ao piriproxifen a 0,148%, tamb?m foram avaliadas. As efic?cias foram de 100% no dia +1 para as duas formula??es, declinando para 66,6% no dia +28 e para 59,4% no dia +35, respectivamente para a formula??o contendo apenas dinotefuran e a associa??o. As quatro formula??es citadas anteriormente foram testadas em n?vel de campo em c?es infestados naturalmente domiciliados no Munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. Para a formula??o spray contendo apenas dinotefuran, a efic?cia foi de 95,2% no dia +7 e de 91,4% no dia +56. J? para formula??o associada, a efic?cia foi de 100% no dia +7 e de 88,1% no dia +56. Para a formula??o strip-on contendo apenas o dinotefuran, a efic?cia foi de 98,5% no dia +7 e de 74% no dia +56, e para associa??o a efic?cia foi de 100% no dia +7 e de 81,1% no dia +49. Foram avaliadas as atividades adulticida, larvicida e ovicida do res?duo no p?lo de c?es tratados com as formula??es spray e strip-on . Pequenas ?reas do corpo do c?o foram tricotomizadas nos dias 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 37 e 44 ap?s o tratamento. Seis repeti??es com 10 exemplares cada, acondicionados em tubos de ensaio, da etapa correspondente foram utilizados por dia de desafio, e acrescidos de 0,02g de p?lo tratado ou n?o. O res?duo no p?lo de c?es tratados com ambas as formula??es de dinotefuran foi eficaz no controle de ovos apenas no dia +2, para larvas por at? 44 dias, e no controle de adultos as formula??es spray e a strip-on foram eficazes por um per?odo de 16 e 23 dias, respectivamente.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T19:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CNPq / FAPERJ / FAPUR / The objective of the present study was to evaluate through in vitro test, the efficacy and residual period of protection in an aerosol formulation of pyriproxyfen and cyfluthrin in the Ctenocephalides felis felis control. A white felt of one millimeter of thickness and two square meters was impregnated with a formulation at a concentration of 0.04% of cyfluthrin and 0.05% of pyriproxyfen (Fleegard ? Bayer), and after dried, retained at a natural conditions environment until the challenge?s day. For each day of weekly challenge, six strips of impregnated carpet and six control strips, without treatment were used. For the test with immature forms, each strip was placed in a test tube with 10 eggs or 10 larvae and a half gram of a required diet for the larval development. The tubes were inside an incubator at a temperature of 28 ? 1 ?C and relative humidity of 75 ? 10%. At the 25th day after the incubation, the material of each challenge was fixed with alcohol 70 ?GL and the quantification of adults emerged from puparium was performed with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. The average efficacy of egg-adult interruption of development was 98.78%, with minimum variation 89.47% and maximum 100%, and the larvae-adult was 96.16%, with minimum variation 82.14% and maximum 100%, over 182 days of challenge. For the test with adults were placed ten fleas not fed C. felis felis in each tube, being five male and five females. It was recorded the number of live and dead in times of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours and 24 hours with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope on days 0 (30 min after impregnation of the felt), +1, +2, +5, +10, +15, +20 and +30 and was found to effectively, respectively of 35.7; 88.5; 75.9; 66.7; 67.6; 40.7; 22.2 and 12.3. It can be concluded that in aerosol formulation of cyfluthrin and pyriproxyfen was effective on the control of immature stages of C. felis felis for up to 26 weeks and adults after 24 h exposure to the product with residual action period extending substantially up to two days after the impregnation of felt. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar atrav?s de teste in vitro, a efic?cia e o per?odo residual de prote??o de uma formula??o aerossol de piriproxifen e ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Um feltro branco com um mil?metro de espessura e dois metros quadrados foi impregnado com a formula??o na apresenta??o de aerossol, em uma concentra??o de 0,04% de ciflutrina e de 0,05% de piriproxifen (Fleegard? BAYER) e ap?s a secagem, mantido no ambiente em condi??es naturais at? o dia de desafio. Foram utilizadas seis tiras de feltro impregnadas com o produto e seis tiras controle, sem tratamento, para cada dia de desafio semanal. Para o teste com formas imaturas, cada tira foi colocada em tubo de ensaio contendo 10 ovos ou 10 larvas e meio grama de uma dieta necess?ria para o desenvolvimento larval. Os tubos foram mantidos em c?mara climatizada com temperatura de 28?1?C e umidade relativa de 75?10%. No 25? dia ap?s a incuba??o, o material de cada desafio foi fixado com ?lcool 70?GL e realizada a quantifica??o de adultos emergidos do pup?rio com aux?lio de microsc?pio estereosc?pico. A efic?cia m?dia da interrup??o do desenvolvimento ovo-adulto foi de 98,78%, com varia??es m?nima de 89,47% e m?xima de 100%, e para a larva-adulto foi de 96,16%, com varia??es m?nima de 82,14% e m?xima de 100%, ao longo de 182 dias de desafio. Para o teste com adultos foram colocadas dez pulgas adultas n?o alimentadas de C. felis felis em cada tubo, sendo cinco machos e cinco f?meas. Foi registrado o n?mero de insetos vivos e mortos nos tempos de 10 minutos, 30 minutos, uma hora, duas horas, tr?s horas, quatro horas e 24 horas com aux?lio de um microsc?pio estereosc?pico, nos dias 0 (30 minutos ap?s a impregna??o do feltro), +1; +2; +5; +10; +15; +20 e +30 e constatou-se a efic?cia, respectivamente de 35,7; 88,5; 75,9; 66,7; 67,6; 40,7; 22,2 e 12;3. P?de-se concluir que a formula??o aerossol de ciflutrina e piriproxifen foi eficaz no controle ambiental de formas imaturas de C. felis felis por um per?odo de 26 semanas e para adultos 24 h ap?s a exposi??o ao produto com per?odo residual de a??o estendendo-se de forma significativa por at? dois dias ap?s a impregna??o do feltro.

Feral pigs, European wild boars and their crosses are ubiquitous and found in all ecological zones from Florida to California. These introduced animals are recorded in 39 US states and four Canadian provinces. Texas currently has an estimated population of 1-4 million pigs with the potential to exceed 4 million based on suitable habitat estimates. Feral pigs can modify local flora and fauna and cause significant physical damage with their rooting activities. They can also reintroduce parasites and pathogens to previously parasite and pathogen free herds of domestic cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. The two overarching objectives of this research were to determine what role feral pigs have in the maintenance and possible distribution of fleas, lice, and ticks common to the three wildlife districts; and if they serve as bridging hosts for the same (or other) arthropods and their natural hosts. The supporting objectives were to establish host records of fleas, lice, and ticks parasitizing feral pigs; determine species assemblies within each of the three wildlife districts; and to compare species assemblies among the wildlife districts. Feral pigs (564) were taken from June 2008 to March 2011 using box, corral, and panel traps in three wildlife districts. Two hundred fifty six fleas, Pulex porcinus (Jordan and Rothschild), were collected from all gender and age classes of feral pigs at the South Texas Plains wildlife district. No fleas were collected at either the Hill Country or Post Oak Savannah wildlife districts. This is the first report of these fleas on feral pigs. Lice and ticks were collected from all gender and age classes of feral pigs from all sample sites. Only hog lice, Haematopinus suis, were collected at all three sample sites. Seven species of ticks were collected from the three sites: Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor albipictus, D. halli, D. variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis. Amblyomma cajennense was collected only at the South Texas Plains sample site; A. americanum and I. scapularis were collected only at the Hill Country and Post Oak sample sites. This study reports that feral pigs are serving as hosts for one species of flea, one species of lice and seven species of ticks common to Texas.

Darbe aprašoma blusų sandara, jų vystymas ir paplitimas, taip pat labiausiai paplitusių alerginių dermatitų patogenezė bei simptomai. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai, kad būtų aiškiau, pateikiami diagramomis su trumpu jų aprašymu, jie apibendrinami ir padaromos išvados. / Thesis describes the structure of the fleas, their development and distribution, as well as the most common allergic dermatitis pathogenesis and symptoms. The research results are clearly presented charts with a short description of it, they are summarized and lead to conclusions.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Zoology and Entomology))--Rhodes University, 2006.

This thesis focused on the dynamics of the sexual reproduction of microcrustacean Daphnia (Cladocera, Anomopoda). Sex in Daphnia is induced environmentally after rounds of asexual parthenogenesis in favorable conditions. The onset of sexual reproduction and the occurrence of sexual individuals was investigated with respect to their distribution in the water column and clonal structure. The produced sexual eggs were genotyped and their density and distribution in sediment were analyzed. The impact of massive floods was investigated. The role of sexual reproduction in stable habitats and its relevance and importance for Daphnia communities is further discussed.