This diploma thesis is focused on cost index. Cost index is one of the method, which is used for cost optimalization in airline operation. Cost index compare time-related costs during flight and cost of fuel. Value of cost index influences cruise speed and fuel consumption, the higher cost index, the higher speed. Costs classification into fixed, variable and time-related costs is very important for cost index calculation. Goal of thesis is decribe importance of using cost index and advantages resulting from correct cost index application in airline operations. Practical part is focued on fuel consumption of Boeing 737 on specific routes and its evaluation. The goal is to compare calculated and real fuel consumption and find, if an airline is able to achieve calculated consumption in real operation.

Training load monitoring is crucial to examine fatigue status. The currently available methodsshow diverse validity, and each come with their limitations. The advantages of CMJ are manyand seem to be useful within team sports, although its use on endurance athletes needs moreresearch. Using force plates is agreed to be the best method, but the uncertainty of whichvariables to use when monitoring fatigue creates difficulties, yet currently, no optimal methodis identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of CMJ and its variables onendurance athletes. Ten triathletes participated in the study, performing the CMJ two times aweek for five weeks. The training load from each session was quantified using Lucia’sTRIMP. A correlation analysis between total TRIMP three days prior to testing and eightdifferent CMJ-variables were made; jump height-flight time (JH-FT), jump height-impulse(JH-IM), Reactive Strength Index-flight time (RSI-FT), Reactive Strength Index-impulse(RSI-IM), braking duration (B-DUR), braking impulse (B-IM), propulsive duration (P-DUR),propulsive impulse (P-IM). A small positive correlation was found between TRIMP and JHFT (r =0.23), JH-IM (r = 0.24), RSI-FT (r = 0.13), and RSI-IM (r = 0.13). B-DUR and B-IMhad a small negative correlation (r = -0.10, r = -0.11) while P-DUR and P-IM showed nocorrelation (r = < 0.02). No significance was found in any correlations (p > 0.05). Resultsindicated that JH may provide better information about fatigue compared to other variables.Variables from the braking phase seem more sensitive to training load compared to thepropulsive phase. Using flight time seems to provide similar results as impulse which couldsimplify fatigue monitoring. However, due to limitations of the study the results should beviewed with caution and more research is needed for further conclusions.Keywords; Jump height, Reactive Strength Index, Flight time, impulse

Electrospinning is a method of using high voltage electric fields to transform polymer solutions into nano-scale fibres. The field has seen significant work on processing different polymers and their resulting fibres but less work has focused the electrospinning process itself. The aim of this thesis is to present experimental observations of charge behaviour in the electrospinning process in the context of the underlying physics typically used to describe electrospinning. This thesis presents a review of existing methods of measuring aspects of the electrospinning process, and reviews published mathematical models of the process as representative examples of the current understanding of the underlying physics that drive the electrospinning phenomena. A novel measurement technique is introduced - high frequency data capture of the electric current flow simultaneously at the high voltage and collector electrode. This is used in three ways: to examine bulk charge density, to measure fibre flight time, and to quantify charge lost from the fibre in flight. Charge density is studied by comparing current and mass flow at the Taylor cone under a wide range of conditions. For 8% PVOH in water a constant bulk charge density was found of 7.7 C/kg. Flight time is studied by determining the time from the application of high voltage to the charged fibre first arriving at the collector electrode. It was found that for 8% PVOH the flight time depended strongly on applied voltage while electrode distance had a negligible effect. Charge loss was studied by comparing the magnitude of the simultaneous current flows in the quasi-steady state to determine if the charge flowing into the Taylor cone arrives with the fibre at the collector. For 8% PVOH, 8% PVOH with ionic salt, 9% PVOH in water and 18% PVB in ethanol, it was found that charge is always lost.

This thesis presents how unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can successfully assist in search and rescue (SAR) operations using wireless localization. The zone-grid to partition to capture/detect WiFi probe requests follows the concepts found in Search Theory Method. The UAV has attached a sensor, e.g., WiFi sniffer, to capture/detect the WiFi probes from victims or lost people’s smartphones. Applying the Random-Forest based machine learning algorithm, an estimation of the user's location is determined with a 81.8% accuracy. UAV technology has shown limitations in the navigational performance and limited flight time. Procedures to optimize these limitations are presented. Additionally, how the UAV is maneuvered during flight is analyzed, considering different SAR flight patterns and Li-Po battery consumption rates of the UAV. Results show that controlling the UAV by remote-controll detected the most probes, but it is less power efficient compared to control it autonomously.

Investigamos o processo de fusão para o sistema 11B + 27Al dentro do intervalo de energia de bombardeio de 18 Me v<ELAB <50 MeV, no intervalo angular de 4° < LAB < 40°. Para tal finalidade, foi construído um sistema de detecção baseado na técnica de tempo de vôo. As medidas das distribuições angulares e distribuições de massa foram comparadas com os cálculos do modelo estatístico usando o código PACE. As previsões teóricas da formação do núcleo composto, baseados nos modelos de Bass, Proximity e de Glas e Mosel, foram comparadas aos resultados experimentais observados da seção de choque de fusão. Por fim, realizamos uma análise sistemática dos parâmetros (RD, VD, RCR, VCR) do modelo de Glas e Mosel e da seção de choque máxima de fusão, para o sistema desse trabalho e vários outros disponíveis na literatura. Dessa análise concluímos que se faz necessário a inclusão de outros graus de liberdade no estudo do processo de fusão, em particular, enfatizamos o grau de liberdade de assimetria de massa do canal de entrada. / The 11B + 27Al fusion reaction has been investigated within the bombarding energy range of 18 MeV <ELAB <50 Me v, covering the 4° < LAB < 40° angular range. The detection system, based on the time of flight, has been constructed for this purpose. The experimental angular distributions and mass spectra were compared to statistical model calculations performed on the basis of the computer code PACE. Theoretical predictions for the compound nucleus formation, based on Bass, Proximity and Glas and Mosel models were compared to the experimental fusion cross section. Finally, a systematic analysis of the fusion barrier parameters (RD, VD, RCR, VCR) and of the maximum fusion cross section, for the system investigated in the present work and many others available in the literature has been performed. This analysis pointed out the importance of the inclusion of degrees of freedom other than the radial separation, in the fusion process. A special attention has been payed to entrance channel mass asymmetry.

Investigamos o processo de fusão para o sistema 11B + 27Al dentro do intervalo de energia de bombardeio de 18 Me v<ELAB <50 MeV, no intervalo angular de 4° < LAB < 40°. Para tal finalidade, foi construído um sistema de detecção baseado na técnica de tempo de vôo. As medidas das distribuições angulares e distribuições de massa foram comparadas com os cálculos do modelo estatístico usando o código PACE. As previsões teóricas da formação do núcleo composto, baseados nos modelos de Bass, Proximity e de Glas e Mosel, foram comparadas aos resultados experimentais observados da seção de choque de fusão. Por fim, realizamos uma análise sistemática dos parâmetros (RD, VD, RCR, VCR) do modelo de Glas e Mosel e da seção de choque máxima de fusão, para o sistema desse trabalho e vários outros disponíveis na literatura. Dessa análise concluímos que se faz necessário a inclusão de outros graus de liberdade no estudo do processo de fusão, em particular, enfatizamos o grau de liberdade de assimetria de massa do canal de entrada. / The 11B + 27Al fusion reaction has been investigated within the bombarding energy range of 18 MeV <ELAB <50 Me v, covering the 4° < LAB < 40° angular range. The detection system, based on the time of flight, has been constructed for this purpose. The experimental angular distributions and mass spectra were compared to statistical model calculations performed on the basis of the computer code PACE. Theoretical predictions for the compound nucleus formation, based on Bass, Proximity and Glas and Mosel models were compared to the experimental fusion cross section. Finally, a systematic analysis of the fusion barrier parameters (RD, VD, RCR, VCR) and of the maximum fusion cross section, for the system investigated in the present work and many others available in the literature has been performed. This analysis pointed out the importance of the inclusion of degrees of freedom other than the radial separation, in the fusion process. A special attention has been payed to entrance channel mass asymmetry.

A series of experiments was performed with the Texas A&M University Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR) to verify ²³⁵U delayed neutron emission rates. A custom device was created to accurately measure a sample's pneumatic flight time and the Nuclear Science Center's (NSC's) pneumatic transfer system (PTS) was redesigned to reduce a sample's pneumatic flight time from over 1,600 milliseconds to less than 450 milliseconds. Four saturation irradiations were performed at reactor powers of 100 and 200 kW for 300 seconds and one burst irradiation was performed using a $1.61 pulse producing 19.11 MW-s of energy. Experimental results agreed extremely well with those of Keepin. By comparing the first ten seconds of collected data, the first saturation irradiation deviated ~1.869% with a dead time of 2 microseconds, while the burst irradiation deviated ~0.303% with a dead time of 5 microseconds. Saturation irradiations one, three and four were normalized to the initial count rate of saturation irradiation two to determine the system reproducibility, and deviated ~0.449%, ~0.343% and ~0.389%, respectively.

[pt] Este estudo trata de processos da fragmentação molecular de água no estado gasoso pelo impacto de feixes energéticos de fótons, H+ e Li3+. As seções de choque absolutas de ionização foram obtidas para os feixes de Li3+, H+ e de fótons. As seções de choque do canal de captura eletrônica, obtidas para o feixe de Li3+, foram investigadas visando determinar as diferenças na fragmentação molecular induzidas pelo processo de transfêrencia de carga ao projétil. O intervalo de energia utilizado nas medidas com o feixe de Li3+ foi de 750 a 5800 keV, enquanto para o feixe de prótons foi selecionada a regiao de energia entre 300 até 2000 keV, mantendo uma faixa de velocidades similar. No caso dos fótons, as fragmentações foram medidas no intervalo de energia de 38 a 170 eV. Para a obtenção dos valores de seção de choque de ionização e de captura, foi aplicado um método para a correção do número de eventos simples (íon + neutro) e pares iônicos. A partir desse método foi possível avaliar a influência desta correção nos valores de seção de choque de ionização. A partir dos valores de frações de fragmentação por impacto de prótons foram desenvolvidas curvas teóricas de seção de choque para produção dos pares iônicos H++OH+ e H++O+. Os resultados obtidos de seção de choque de ionização de pares iônicos foram determinados a partir de resultados teóricos de seções de choque de produção dos fragmentos OH+, O+ e H+ disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados foram comparados e concordam com os valores experimentais para impacto de prótons, obtidos neste trabalho, e com dados para impacto de elétrons disponíveis na literatura. / [en] This study aims to contribute for the understanding of the water molecule multiple ionization by impact of photons, protons and Li3+ ions. The technique selected for such research is Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of the ions produced as a consequence of the molecular dissociation. Absolute and partial ionization cross sections are obtained for impact with each of these three projectiles. For Li3+ beam, absolute and partial capture cross sections are also obtained. The energy range employed was 38-170 eV for photons beams, 300-2000 keV for H+ beams and 750 up to 5800 keV for Li3+ beams. Corrections for ionization cross section determination are usually necessary. Methods for this were developed and applied to the current data. Values for these corrections are presented and discussed. The obtained results are compared with literature data, exhibiting unexpected features. As an example, the production rates of OH+ and H+ fragments by two beams (photons and electrons) having a very different nature are very similar behavior. The data from the water molecule fragmentation by H+ beam enabled the determination of fragmentation factors. The knowledge of these factors made possible to calculate, using a method developed in this work and also theoretical data from literature based on production data of OH+, O+ and H+, new theoretical curves concerning pair production (H+ + OH+ and H+O+).