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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Análise comparativa de resultados de diferentes discretizações para as lajes de pavimentos utilizando os elementos finitos DKT e P15N / Comparative analysis of results of different discretizations for floors slabs using DKT and P15N finite elements

Almeida, Francisco Patrick Araujo 25 June 1999 (has links)
Na área de análise de pavimentos, muitos trabalhos já foram realizados, levando-se em conta diferentes considerações sempre com o objetivo de aprimorar os modelos que representam o comportamento estrutural. O método dos elementos finitos tem se mostrado um dos principais métodos na resolução deste problema, onde as lajes podem ser discretizadas por elementos finitos de placa e as vigas por elementos finitos de barra. Dentre os diversos tipos de elementos finitos de placa, o elemento finito DKT (discrete Kirchhoff triangle), tem sido largamente utilizado na consideração da rigidez à flexão das lajes. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o recém-formulado elemento finito de placa P15N na análise de pavimentos, bem como apresentar as diferenças e semelhanças na utilização deste elemento com o elemento finito DKT, na discretização das lajes, na determinação dos deslocamentos e esforços em pavimentos. Para a realização das análises descritas, desenvolveu-se um programa computacional em linguagem de programação FORTRAN 90. Vários exemplos numéricos são apresentados / In the area of floor analysis, many studies have already been carried out taking into account different considerations and always aiming to improve the models which represent the structural behavior. The finite element method has shown to be one of the principal methods for the resolution of this problem, where the slabs and the beams may be meshed by plate finite elements and bar finite elements, respectively. Among the various kinds of plate finite elements, the DKT (discrete Kirchhoff triangle) finite element has been largely used in the consideration of slabs bending stiffness. The objective of this work is to present the P15N as a plate finite element in the analysis of floors, as well as to point out the differences in the utilization of this element with the DKT finite element in slab discretization and in the determination of displacements and stresses in floors. For such analysis, a computational program was developed in FORTRAN 90 programming language. Several numerical examples are presented
72

Comportamento térmico de coberturas em camadas duplas e estudo da substituição da cama por piso plástico na qualidade do ar, desempenho e índice de lesões em frangos de corte /

Almeida, Eduardo Alves de. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Eduardo Alves de Almeida / Coorientador: Adhemar Pitelli Milani / Banca: Jorge de Lucas Júnior / Banca: Roberta Passini / Resumo: A cobertura tem papel fundamental em uma instalação, sendo capaz de impedir que grande parte da radiação solar penetre e eleve a sua temperatura. O presente experimento foi conduzido na Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da instalação de dois tipos de coberturas (Metálica e Fibrocimento) em camadas simples e duplas, variando espaçamento entre camadas duplas de 1cm a 5cm. Como repetição adotou-se os dias de coleta e o número de protótipos, totalizando 30 repetições para cada tratamento (2 protótipos x 15 dias de coleta). No total utilizaram-se 12 tratamentos (telhas x espaçamentos), com dois protótipos para cada tratamento. Foram instalados sensores de temperatura na parte inferior da cobertura e no centro do modelo, obtendo-se a Temperatura da Superfície Interna das coberturas (TSI) e a Temperatura Ambiente (TA) no interior do modelo. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o PROC MIX do SAS (Statistical Analysis System), considerando os horários de medição para cada dia avaliado, sendo realizada análise de variância e teste de Scott-Knott a 1% de significância. Para TSI observou-se uma diferença de 11,3°C às 14h entre a telha metálica simples (42,9°C) e em camada dupla com 5cm de espaçamento (31,6°C), e diferença de 7,6°C entre a telha de fibrocimento simples (39,3°C) e com 5cm entre camadas duplas (31,7°C ). Para TA observou-se valor máximo para a telha metálica simples (36,1°C) e mínimo para a camada dupla com 5cm de espaçamento (30,8°C). Para fibrocimento, observou-se para camada simples 35,4°C e para 5 cm de espaçamento 30,9°C. A utilização de telha metálica e de fibrocimento em camadas duplas foi eficiente, promovendo decréscimo nos valores de TSI e TA no modelo estudado / Abstract: The cover has a fundamental role in a facility, being able to prevent much of the solar radiation to penetrate and raise your temperature. This experiment was conducted at UNESP in Jaboticabal, with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of the installation of two types of toppings (Metallic and Fibercement) in single and double layers, varying spacing between double layers of 1cm to 5cm. As repetition was adopted the collection days and the number of prototypes, totaling 30 replicates for each treatment (2 prototypes x 15 collection days). In total 12 treatments were used (tile x spacing ) with two prototypes for each treatment. Temperature sensors were installed on the bottom of the cover and the center of the model, obtaining the internal surface temperature of the covers (IST) and the ambient temperature (AT) inside the model. The data were analyzed using the PROC MIX SAS (Statistical Analysis System), considering the schedules for each day of measurement assessed with variance analysis performed and Scott-Knott test at 1% significance. For IST we observed a difference of 11.3 °C at 14h between simple metal tile (42.9 °C) and double layer with 5cm spacing (31.6 °C), and difference of 7.6 °C between simple tile fiber cement (39.3 °C) and 5cm between double layers (31.7 °C). For AT was observed maximum value for the simple metal tile (36.1 °C) and minimum for the spacing of 5cm between double layers (30.8 °C). For fiber cement, was observed for single layer 35.4 °C and spacing of 5 cm 30.9 °C. The use of metal tile and fiber cement double layers was efficient in promoting a decrease in the values of IST and AT in this model / Mestre
73

Estudo da influência das propriedades relacionadas à superfície e à matriz na resistência à abrasão de concretos para pisos / Study on the influence of properties related to the surface and matrix in the abrasion resistance of concrete floors

Silva, Cristina Vitorino da January 2015 (has links)
O desgaste superficial por abrasão é uma manifestação patológica que decorre do atrito entre partículas secas e a superfície do material, causando uma perda progressiva das camadas mais externas da estrutura. Entender esse mecanismo de deterioração e ainda os parâmetros que influenciam a sua ocorrência são preocupações válidas, visto que ele compromete a durabilidade e a funcionalidade de estruturas, tais como pisos de concreto. Além disso, a correção desta manifestação patológica exige gastos elevados com reparo ou substituição do concreto e, dessa maneira, a necessidade de maiores estudos buscando ações mais efetivas na prática é justificada. Neste particular, estudou-se a influência das propriedades relacionadas à matriz e à superfície na resistência à abrasão dos compósitos. Para tanto, alguns fatores que influenciam na qualidade dos concretos empregados em pisos, como o tipo de cimento (CP IV; CP V-ARI), a relação água/aglomerante (0,40; 0,60), o teor de substituição de sílica ativa (0%; 10%) e o tipo de cura (submersa; caixa aquecida) foram avaliados. Os ensaios adotados para estudar a influência das propriedades de massa no mecanismo de degaste foram os de resistência à compressão uniaxial, resistência à tração na flexão e exsudação. Já os ensaios para verificar a influência das propriedades de superfície na magnitude desse mecanismo foram os de dureza superficial, resistência à abrasão, porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio, microdureza por indentação, análises em microscópio estereoscópico e a digitalização tridimensional à laser. Os resultados encontrados mostraram uma influência estatística significativa do tipo de cimento sobre todas as propriedades avaliadas, sendo que o cimento de alta resistência inicial apresentou melhor desempenho em comparação ao cimento pozolânico, considerando uma mesma idade de análise (63 dias). Além disso, verificou-se uma influência estatística significativa da relação a/agl no comportamento dos concretos, onde a relação a/agl 0,6 aumentou os índices de desgaste das amostras em relação as de referência (a/agl 0,4), conforme esperado. Quanto ao tipo de cura, os compósitos curados de forma submersa apresentaram os melhores resultados frente ao desgaste superficial comparando-se àqueles mantidos na cura em caixa aquecida. Finalmente, analisando o teor de substituição de sílica ativa, observou-se que a substituição de 10 % sobre a massa de cimento proporcionou acréscimos estatisticamente significativos na resistência à abrasão das amostras com menor relação a/agl; somando-se a isto, a presença da sílica minimizou o efeito da cura em caixa aquecida na camada superficial das amostras de concreto submetidas ao desgaste. Concluindo, a resistência à abrasão dos concretos mostrou ter uma importante relação não somente com as suas propriedades de massa, mas também com a qualidade da sua camada superficial, uma vez que apresentou forte correlação com as características de superfície avaliadas, como a dureza superficial, a microdureza e a porosimetria ao mercúrio. Além disso, salienta-se que o ensaio de dureza superficial por esclerometria poderia ser adotado como parâmetro para determinação direta da resistência ao desgaste e sugere-se que a exsudação dos pisos de concreto venha a ser o fator principal no controle da qualidade da camada superficial da placa de concreto. / Surface abrasion wear is a pathological manifestation triggered by friction between dried particles and the surface of the material, provoking a progressive loss of the outermost layers. The comprehension of this mechanism of deterioration and also the parameters that influence its occurrence are valid concerns, since it compromises the durability and functionality of structures such as concrete floors. In addition, repair this pathological manifestation or replace the damage concrete require high expenditure. Thus, the necessity of further studies seeking for practical effective actions is justified. In this particular, the aim of this work was to study the influence of properties related to the matrix and the surface of composites on abrasion resistance. For this purpose, some factors that influence the quality of the concrete used in floors, including the cement type (CP IV; CP V-ARI), the water / binder ratio (0.40, 0.60), the replacement content of silica fume (0%, 10%) and the conditions of cure (submerged; heat box) were evaluated. The assays employed in order to study the influence of mass properties on the wear mechanism were the compressive strength, flexural tensile strength and bleeding. As regards to the influence of surface properties on the magnitude of this mechanism, it was verified by testing the surface hardness, abrasion resistance, porosimetry by mercury intrusion, microhardness by indentation, analysis in stereoscopic microscope and three-dimensional laser scanning. The obtained data demonstrated a statistically significant influence of cement type on all assessed properties, with the high early strength cement presenting a better performance as compared to pozzolan cement, considering a similar age of analysis (63 days). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant influence of water / binder ratio on concrete behavior, where the water / binder ratio of 0.6 increased the wear rates of the samples in comparison to the reference (water / binder 0.4), as expected. Regarding to the conditions of cure, the submerged composites showed better results against surface wear as compared to those kept in the heat box. Finally, it was observed that the replacement content of silica fume of 10% on the cement mass provided statistically significant increases in abrasion resistance of samples with lower water / binder ratio. In addition, the presence of silica minimized the effects of curing in a heat box on the surface layer of concrete samples that were submitted to wear. In conclusion, the abrasion resistance of concretes demonstrated an important relationship not only with the mass properties of these structures but also with the quality of their surface layer, since a strong correlation with the evaluated surface features was observed, including surface hardness, microhardness and porosimetry by mercury intrusion. Moreover, it is emphasized that the surface hardness assay by rebound hammer may be used as a parameter for direct determination of wear resistance and it is suggested that bleeding of concrete floors might be the main factor for controlling the surface layer quality of the concrete slab.
74

An Investigation On The Planimetric Design Efficiency Of Guestroom Floors In 4-star Hotels

Kula, Berk Osman 01 June 2009 (has links) (PDF)
A large number of hostelries have been established in Turkey in line with the necessities of our age. From the period of Seljuk and Ottoman, we encounter many variations of these facilities which have come up to our time starting from the caravansaries. Today, even though these facilities differ architecturally, conceptually they work in the same way. The common feature in almost every one is to keep the maintenance, establishment and repair costs at the minimum level. In addition to this, hotel facilities should be given importance to functionality and efficient flow in space. As a condition to this foresight, the design and organization of the floors where guestrooms are located in hotels are significant in both evaluating the fuctionality of these units and in examining the facilities architecturally. While designing a facility from the bottom up and creating it, the designer&rsquo / s knowledge on the planimetric configuration of the hotels built previously may lead the designer to different perspectives. Thus, it is so essential that how efficient these currently used facilities are shared among the guests, employers and the circulation areas should be investigated and the rational relations among these should be analyzed. In this study, the planimetric configuration of the floors where standard rooms of four-star hotels established on a single parcel in Cankaya district of the city of Ankara in Turkey is examined. In the study, 9 hotels carrying the features mentioned above were randomly selected from a sample space of 25 facilities. The architectural drawings of these structures were obtained from the relevant institutions and organizations. Data regarding area calculations and measurements made were made the investigator from these drawings. Based on these measurements, 3 different statistical tests were used in order to determine differentiations and similarities among the ratios depicted in chapter 3. These tests were stated as / regression analysis, t-tests and analysis of variance. Results showed that significant differences are obtained when the net usable areas are examined and classified according to the number of beds they have and no significant differences were obtained when the analysis made according to the other factors.
75

Schwerkranke und Sterbende auf der Palliataivstation und im Hospiz. Eine vergleichende, verlaufsorientierte Studie von zwei exemplarischen Betreuungsmodellen / Seriously ill and dying patients treated and accompanied on pallitive floors and in hospices. A comparing study of two exemplary care-giving institutions

Herbold-Ohmes, Christine 01 August 2008 (has links)
No description available.
76

Evaluation of performance and maximum length of continuous decks in simple-span bridges

Snedeker, Katherine O. 08 April 2009 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the performance history of continuous bridge decks in the State of Georgia, to determine why the current design detail works, to recommend a new design detail if necessary, and to recommend the maximum and/or optimum lengths of continuous bridge decks. The continuous bridge decks have continuous reinforcement over the junction of two edge beams with a construction joint for crack control. The current technical literature and current practices and design procedures were synthesized and summarized. GDOT maintenance reports were reviewed, and field evaluations were conducted to determine the performance of the continuous deck detail. The effects of bridge movement due to thermal strains, shrinkage, and live loads were considered in the analytical studies to better understand the demands placed on the GDOT continuous deck detail. A summary of the design and length recommendations was provided upon completion of the research.
77

Bacillus cereus in the housing environment of dairy cows : contamination routes, effect of teat-cleaning, and measures to improve hygiene in the cubicles and alleys /

Magnusson, Madeleine, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
78

Measurements of trackways as a method for assessing locomotion in dairy cows /

Telezhenko, Evgenij, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Skara : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.
79

Effect of flooring system on locomotion comfort in dairy cows : aspects of gait, preference and claw condition /

Telezhenko, Evgenij, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Skara : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
80

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE AS MODERNAS COMPOSIÇÕES DE PISOS FLUTUANTES QUANTO AO DESEMPENHO NO ISOLAMENTO AO RUÍDO DE IMPACTO / A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MODERN COMPOSITIONS OF FLOATING FLOORS IN TERMS OF THE PERFORMANCE IN THE IMPACT NOISE ISOLATION

Pedroso, Miguel Angelo Teixeira 20 December 2007 (has links)
The impact noise is a challenge to builders and designers because of the difficulty in the interruption of vibrations due to the rigidity of the connections between the structural elements. Many previous researches aimed at the development of methods to diminish its effects and among them the floating floor , constituted by the interposition of an elastic material between the flagstone and the final covering of the floor, has presented significant advantages in presenting a solution still in the project phase. The introduction of new materials in the market made it possible the development of this study, whose objectives were to measure and to compare the performance of these materials as isolators, as well as to determine the relative advantage to the cost/benefit criterion in the construction of systems with porcelanate and plated melamínico wooden final coverings, and the utilization of glass wool, recycled blankets of rubber (E.V.A. residues) and high density Styrofoam and polyethylene blanket as resilient materials. The experiments carried out at the Thermo-acoustic laboratory (LaTA) in the university, according to the methodology suggested by ISO 140/VI and VIII (except the specifications as to the size of the samples that were tested with 1m ²) and ISO 717-2, permitted the classification of the tested materials in terms of their performance while impact noise acoustic isolators, and the market research made it possible to establish a hierarchy in the cost/benefit aspect. / O ruído de impacto é um desafio para construtores e projetistas pela dificuldade que se encontra para a interrupção das vibrações decorrentes da rigidez dos vínculos entre os elementos estruturais. Diversos estudos científicos visaram o desenvolvimento de métodos para amenizar seus efeitos, dos quais o piso flutuante , composto pela interposição de material elástico entre a laje e o revestimento final, tem apresentado vantagens significativas porque apresenta a solução ainda na fase do projeto. O surgimento de novos materiais no mercado ensejou a realização deste trabalho que teve como objetivo medir e comparar o desempenho desses materiais como isolantes, além de determinar a vantagem relativa no critério custo/benefício, na montagem de sistemas com revestimentos finais de porcelanato e laminado melamínico de madeira, e a utilização de lã de vidro, mantas de borracha reciclada (resíduos de E.V.A.), isopor de alta densidade e manta de polietileno como materiais resilientes. Os ensaios realizados no Laboratório de Termo-Acústica (LaTA) da UFSM de acordo com a metodologia preconizada pelas ISO 140/VI e VIII (exceto as especificações quanto ao tamanho das amostras que foram testadas com 1m²) e ISO 717-2 permitiram escalonar os materiais testados quanto aos seus desempenhos como isolantes acústicos ao ruído de impacto e a pesquisa mercadológica possibilitou determinar uma hierarquização no aspecto custo/benefício.

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