Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5001821 bytes, checksum: 68801ed450e693063cefe589e897ed09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Growing peppers for ornamental purposes has strong appeal in the consumer market and abroad. This fact is due to the characteristics of profitability and adding value to the product. Moreover, the cultivation of pepper has great socio-economic importance due to the employment of large numbers of skilled manpower. However, the commercial success of this activity depends on the consumer appeal conferred by the harmony of the plant with the container used, which is obtained by pruning, substrates, regulators use different volumes of vessel, among others. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of different substrates and the application of pruning in the production of four pepper genotypes (Pirâmide Ornamental, Biquinho, MG 7073, BGH 1039). Evaluated two types of substrates: commercial substrate (Bioplant®) and Land of garden flowers purchased in local and two pruning conditions, plants with two stems and plants with three stems. There was no difference in earliness between plants grown in substrate Bioplant® and Earth Garden, in which the genotypes BGH 1039 and Pirâmide Ornamental reached the spot trading at 60 DAT. However, in this same period the plants of both genotypes that were developed in substrate Bioplant® showed higher plant height, total height, crown diameter, leaf number and number of fruits per plant. Therefore, all growth variables evaluated were affected by different substrates in all genotypes. Plants that have developed in the substrate Bioplant® had to be better developed. The pruning did not affect the precocity of BGH 1039 genotypes and Pirâmide Ornamental, which reached the ideal point of sale at 60 DAT. The pruning was not effective for the Biquinho and access cultivar MG 7073, it increased the size of the plants and the canopy became asymmetric respective. However, both were effective pruning conditions for access to cultivate and BGH 1039, Pirâmide Ornamental, providing a denser canopy without changing the height of the plants. / O cultivo de pimentas para fins de ornamentação apresenta forte apelo no mercado consumidor interno e externo. Este fato se deve as características de rentabilidade e agregação de valor ao produto. Além disso, o cultivo de pimenta tem grande importância sócio-econômica em virtude do emprego de elevado número de mão-de-obra. No entanto, o sucesso comercial desta atividade depende do apelo ao consumidor conferido pela harmonia do porte da planta com o recipiente utilizado, que é obtida através de poda, substratos, uso de reguladores, diferentes volumes de vaso, dentre outros. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de substratos e da aplicação de poda na produção de quatro genótipos de pimenta (Pirâmide Ornamental, Biquinho, MG 7073 e BGH 1039). Foram avaliados dois tipos de substratos: substrato comercial (Bioplant®) e Terra de jardim adquirida em floricultura local e duas condições de poda; plantas conduzidas com 2 hastes e plantas com 3 hastes. Não houve diferença de precocidade entre as plantas cultivadas em substrato Bioplant® e Terra de Jardim, no qual os genótipos BGH 1039 e Pirâmide Ornamental atingiram o ponto ideal de comercialização aos 60 DAT. No entanto, neste mesmo período as plantas de ambos os genótipos que se desenvolviam em substrato Bioplant®, apresentaram maior altura de planta, altura total, diâmetro médio da copa, número de folhas e número de frutos por planta. Portanto, todas as variáveis de crescimento avaliadas foram influenciadas pelos diferentes substratos em todos os genótipos. Plantas que se desenvolveram no substrato Bioplant® apresentaram-se melhor desenvolvidas. A poda não alterou a precocidade dos genótipos BGH 1039 e Piramide Ornamental, os quais atingiram o ponto ideal de comercialização aos 60 DAT. A poda não foi efetiva para a cultivar Biquinho, o acesso MG 7073 e BGH 1039, pois aumentou o porte das plantas e tornou a copa assimétrica respectivemente. Entretanto, a poda conduzida em duas hastes foi efetiva para a cultivar Piramide Ornamental, proporcionando uma copa mais densa sem alterar a altura das plantas.

Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Ana Maria Conte e Castro / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de adubo nitrogenado no desenvolvimento, nutrição e durabilidade de girassol ornamental e diminuição da senescência das folhas mais velhas. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à FCA, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu - SP, em casa de vegetação, no período compreendido de 21 de agosto a 22 de outubro de 2008. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (75%, 100%, 125% de 150%), utilizando 100 % como referência a dose de N aplicada pelo produtor (correspondente a 0,035 g L-1 na fase vegetativa e 1,66 g L-1 na fase reprodutiva), tendo como fonte, o nitrato de amônio. Foram utilizadas sementes de girassol ornamental cultivar 'Sunflower F1 Sumbrite Supreme' da SAKATA®, semeadas em bandejas com 128 células, posteriormente transplantadas em vasos de plástico número 15, com capacidade para 1,3 L, preenchidas com substrato formulado. Avaliaram-se semanalmente a altura, número de folhas, diâmetro de haste, diâmetro de planta, intensidade de cor verde, além do pH e condutividade elétrica da solução lixiviada. A cada quinze dias realizaram-se coletas de plantas para análise de crescimento com avaliações da área foliar, massa seca total (transformados em dados fisiológicos de taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatória líquida e razão de área foliar) e teor e acúmulo total de nitrogênio nas folhas sadias, folhas senescentes, hastes e inflorescências. No ponto de comercialização foram avaliados o teor e acúmulo de N-amônio, N-nitrato, macronutrientes (P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) nas folhas sadias, folhas senescentes, hastes e inflorescências. A precocidade da produção e abertura floral através do diâmetro de capítulo e do disco e das plantas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application, at different levels, on ornamental sunflower development, nutrition and durability, besides the decrease in the senescence of older leaves. The experiment was carried out between August 21 and October 22, 2008, in a greenhouse from the Department of Natural Resources - Soil Science, Lageado Experimental Farm, Agronomical Sciences College, São Paulo State University, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four nitrogen levels (75%, 100%, 125%, and 150%), of which 100% represents the N level sprayed by the producer (corresponding to 0.035 g L-1 and 1.66 g L-1 in the vegetative and reproductive phases, respectively), and ammonium nitrate was used as source. Seeds from ornamental sunflower cultivar 'Sunflower F1 Sumbrite Supreme' (SAKATA®) were sown into trays containing 128 cells and later transplanted to plastic pots number 15, 1.3L-capacity, filled with formulated substratum. Height, leaf number, stem diameter, plant diameter, green color intensity, besides pH and electrical conductivity of the leached solution, were weekly evaluated. Every fifteen days, plants were harvested for growth analysis, including evaluations of leaf area, total dry matter (which were transformed into physiological data regarding relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio), besides nitrogen level and total accumulation in healthy and senescent leaves, stems and inflorescences. In the commercialization stage, the level and the accumulation of N-ammonium, N-nitrate, macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were evaluated in healthy and senescent leaves, stems and inflorescences. Production precocity and flower opening were evaluated through capitulum, disc and plant diameter after the commercialization stage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Orquídeas estão entre as plantas mais distribuídas pelo mundo e mais cultivadas, sendo muito apreciadas por sua diversidade de cores e formas. Entretanto, estudos acerca de desenvolvimento e nutrição deste grupo de plantas são incipientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de 2 espécies de orquídeas cultivadas em condições de ambiente protegido, em vaso: i) Dendrobium nobile Lindl, ii) Miltonia flavescens Lindl. var. stellata Regel. As plantas foram adubadas semanalmente com 100 mL da solução nutritiva de Sarruge a 75% da concentração. Foi coletada mensalmente, durante 12 meses, de forma aleatória, 1 planta/repetição (totalizando 4). Estas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de folhas, área foliar, número, comprimento e diâmetro de pseudobulbos, número de brotos. Depois de lavadas e secas, determinaram-se a massa de matéria seca e os nutrientes nas diferentes partes. Até a fase do florescimento (240 DAPA), ambas as espécies já haviam acumulado mais de 50% do total de matéria seca verificado ao final das avaliações. A ordem de absorção e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos, ao final do ensaio foram: i) Dendrobium - macronutrientes, em mg planta-1, K (701,07) > N (339,44) > Ca (289,03) > Mg (135,44) > P (118,83) > S (23,56); micronutrientes, em Vg planta-1, Fe (14122,35) > Zn (5277,82) >Mn (3216,87) > B (1253,02) > Cu (271,25). ii) Miltonia - macronutrientes, em mg planta-1, K (316,93) > Ca (177,55) > N (143,48) > Mg (72,23) > P (66,65) > S (8,83); micronutrientes, em Vg planta-1, Fe (8939,8) > Zn (4938,1) > Mn (2571,7) > B (802,26) > Cu (208,96). / Abstract: Orchids are among the plants more distributed throughout the world and more cultivated. They are very appreciated for their diversity of colors and forms. However, studies concerning the development and nutrition of this group of plants are incipient. This work had as objective to study the development and the accumulation of nutrients of 2 species of orchids, cultivated in conditions of greenhouse, in vase: i) Miltonia flavescens Lindl. var. stellata Regel; ii) Dendrobium nobile Lindl.. The plants were weekly fertilized with 100 mL of the nutritive solution of Sarruge at 75% of concentration. It was collected monthly, for 12 months, in a random way, 1 plant/repetition (totalizing 4). The number of leaves; the leaf area; number, length and diameter of pseudobulbs and the number of sprouts were evaluated. After washing and drying the plants, the mass of dry matter and the nutrients in the different parts were determined. Until the period of the flowering (240 DAPA), both species had already accumulated more than 50% of the total dry matter verified at the end of the evaluations. The absorption order and the amount of absorbed nutrients, at the end of the experiment were: i) Dendrobium - macronutrients, in mg plant-1 K (701.07)> N (339.44)> Ca (289.03)> Mg (135.44)> P (118.83)> S (23.56); micronutrients, Vg plant-1, Fe (14122.35)> Zn (5277.82)> Mn (3216.87)> B (1253.02)> Cu (271.25). ii) Miltonia - macronutrients, in mg plant-1, K (316.93)> Ca (177.55)> N (143.48)> Mg (72.23)> P (66.65)> S (8.83); micronutrients, Vg plant-1, Fe (8939.8)> Zn (4938.1)> Mn (2571.7)> B (802.26)> Cu (208.96). / Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta / Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Coorientador: Ricardo Tadeu de Faria / Banca: Roberto Jun Takane / Banca: Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão Dematte / Mestre

Orientador: Sylvio Luis Honorio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:26:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leme_JoseMarcos_D.pdf: 2428565 bytes, checksum: 307c11c514ff806a02eefd633c29ee84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A demanda mundial pela excelência dos produtos da floricultura requer a prática do uso de tecnologias adequadas para melhor retenção da qualidade, entre elas, um fator muito importante é a aquisição de material vegetativo selecionado, livre de contaminações e garantido por laboratórios especializados. Visando avaliar a qualidade de clones da principal variedade brasileira de antúrio, foi desenvolvido este trabalho com objetivos de determinar os principais indicadores de qualidade pré-colheita e pós-colheita no desenvolvimento de plantas e flores, respectivamente, oriundas de cultura de tecidos. Foram utilizados Anthurium andraeanum Lind. ('IAC Eidibel') cultivados em sistema hidropônico fechado e substrato de fibra de coco, com plantas e flores analisadas quali-quantitativamente. Como resultados, o antúrio 'IAC Eidibel' apresentou: plena adaptação e desenvolvimento no cultivo em sistema hidropônico fechado com substrato de fibra de coco; precocidade na produção de flores de corte; crescimento médio das plantas, em termos de altura, constante e homogêneo; produção média de uma folha/planta/mês; incremento médio de massa de matéria seca nas folhas maior que o aumento de área foliar, ambos constantes; maior acúmulo de massa de matéria seca de espata no ponto de maturação de 1/3 das flores ainda fechadas; coloração homogênea e formato uniforme; 15% das flores retas; flores comerciáveis a partir do segundo ano de cultivo; e exigência no controle de folhas a partir do sexto mês de cultivo. / Abstract: The global demand for excellence of floriculture products requires the use of appropriate technologies to ensure a good quality product. One important factor is the acquisition of selected plant propagation material, free of contamination, guaranteed by specialized laboratories. Aiming for the assessment of clones of the main brazilian variety of anthurium, this work was conducted to evaluate some preharvest and postharvest quality indices of plant growth and flowers, respectively. Anthurium andraeanum Lind. ('IAC Eidibel') was grown in closed hydroponic system with coconut fiber as growing media, with plants and flowers evaluated qualitative and quantitatively during the experimental period. As a result, the anthurium 'IAC Eidibel' presented: full adaptation and development in closed hydroponic system with coconut fiber; early production and plant height, constant and homogeneous; average production of one leaf/plant per month; constant increment of dry matter in leaves bigger than the increase in leaf area; greater accumulation of dry matter of spathe at the point of maturation with 1/3 of their flowers still immature; uniform color and shape of the spathes; an average stem strainghtness index of 15%; flowers at the commercial stage in the second year of cultivation and; prunning control of leaves after the sixth month of cultivation. / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientador: Maria Angela Fagnani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_JoseLuis_D.pdf: 2290824 bytes, checksum: 16399689f4aee5a0a7128cc47568b1e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um filme para cobertura de casa de vegetação através dos aspectos de produção e qualidade; elementos micrometeorológicos e de envelhecimento do filme plástico, sob as condições impostas pela cobertura plástica com diferentes anos de uso. Para a produção e qualidade foram selecionados 15 vãos de estufa, com plástico de ano de início de uso 1998, 1999, 2002 e 2003 e mais a testemunha com três repetições cada. Dois manejos de produção foram utilizados para a avaliação: o manejo comercial usado na propriedade (primeira etapa) e um manejo específico (segunda etapa) em que houve um corte raso, no início do experimento, em uma área de 1m2 realizado no intuito de avaliar o desenvolvimento do botão floral da poda até a haste comercial pronta. Na primeira etapa foram realizadas 4 coletas ao longo do período do experimento (nos dias 01/03/2004, 17/03/2004, 26/03/2004 e 05/04/2004). Na segunda etapa foi avaliado o aparecimento dos botões florais dos novos brotos em quatro datas (20/02/2004, 07/03/2004, 26/03/2004 e na semana de 28/03 a 06/04/2004) até a formação completa da haste floral comercial. Na primeira etapa foram coletadas 4 hastes florais por tratamento em 5 tratamentos totalizando 60 flores por data de coleta. Na segunda etapa foram coletadas 13 hastes florais por tratamento em 4 tratamentos totalizando 52 hastes florais. Não houve diferença estatística entre os plásticos de ano de início de uso de 1998, 1999, 2002 e 2003 nas variáveis comprimento e diâmetro das hastes, diâmetro e comprimento dos botões florais, massa fresca e seca das pétalas. Para a análise dos parâmetros meteorológicos foram selecionados 12 vãos de estufas com plásticos de ano de uso 1998, 1999, 2002 e 2003, com três repetições cada. Foram estudadas as variáveis temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido, umidade relativa, e intensidade luminosa, com dados coletados durante 35 dias, nos horários das 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, e 16 horas. Para as condições meteorológicas estudadas não houve diferença estatística. Para a análise de envelhecimento do plástico os testes foram divididos em dois componentes distintos: teste de tensão e ruptura e a espectroscopia nas faixas do espectro solar entre 199 e 1500 nm. Para o teste de tensão e ruptura foram selecionadas amostras de plástico de início de uso 1998, 1999 e 2003 (sem uso) onde as variáveis analisadas foram tensão e deformação total. Também para estes itens não houve diferença estatística, sendo que os valores encontrados estão dentro da expectativa de envelhecimento esperado pela fábrica. Para o teste de espectroscopia os plásticos de ano de início de uso de 1998, 1999 e 2003 (sem uso) tiveram duas amostras por ano de uso, uma das quais foi lavada com detergente neutro e outra deixada no estado em que se encontrava. Conclui-se, portanto, que para as condições aqui estudadas não se recomenda a necessidade da troca do plástico de cobertura no período de tempo avaliado devido a não ter havido alterações substanciais na produção da cultura, como conseqüência tanto dos aspectos micrometeorológicos dentro das estufas como quanto aos aspectos funcionais de resistência e transmissividade do plástico / Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate a film, which is used as a covering for greenhouses, through the aspects of production and quality, meteorological and aging parameters of the plastic film, under the conditions imposed by the plastic covering with different years of usage. In order to evaluate the production and quality, it was selected 15 greenhouse voids with plastic coverings dating from 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2003 and also a control one with three repetitions each. Two production managements were used in this analyses: the commercial management used in the property (first stage) and a specific management (second stage) in which occurred a clear felling at the beginning of the experiment, in an area of 1 m2 done with the purpose of evaluating the development of the flower buds from the pruning to the commercial flower stalk. On the first stage it was done 4 collections along the experiment period (during the days 01/03/2004, 17/03/2004, 26/03/2004 and 05/04/2004). On the second stage it was evaluated the appearance of the floral buds of the new shoots in four dates (20/02/2004, 07/03/2004, 26/03/2004 and through the weeks of 28/03 to 06/04/2004) until the complete formation of the commercial flower stalks. On the first stage it was collected 4 flower stalks per treatment in 5 treatments making a total of 60 flowers per collecting day. On the second stage it was collected 13 flower stalks per treatment in 4 treatments making a total of 52 flower stalks. There was no statistic difference between the plastics, which began to be used in the years of 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2003, when related to the length and diameter of the stalks, diameter and length of the flower buds, dry and fresh mass of he petal. In order to analyze the meteorological patterns, it was selected 12 greenhouse voids hose plastics dated from of 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2003, each one with three repetitions. The ariables studied were the dry bulb temperature, the relative humidity and the luminous intensity, it datum collected during 35 days, during the period of 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 a.m. and 1:00, :00, 3:00, and 4:00 p.m. There was no statistic difference for the meteorological conditions studied. The tests were divided into two distinct components in order to analyze the plastic aging: ension and rupture tests and the spectroscopy on the areas of solar spectrums between 199 and 4000 nm. For the tension and rupture test it was selected plastic samples which began to be used n 1998, 1999 and 2003 (which has not been used yet) where the variables analyzed were, ension, total deformation. For these items there wasn?t a statistic difference as well, and the values found are in accordance with the aging expectancy expected by the factory. For the studied conditions is not recommended to change the plastic coverture into the evaluated time six years) due to not variations to crop production as consequence of plastic resistance and transmissivity / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientadores: Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ferraz, Sylvio Luis Honorio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BliskaJunior_Antonio_D.pdf: 2377273 bytes, checksum: b8cdb2ea80e0bb5fcd20cdf28c17ebd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A Floricultura é considerada um dos mais importantes segmentos da agricultura brasileira, não somente em função dos significativos recursos financeiros movimentados e do volume de mão-de-obra empregado, mas também pelo potencial de crescimento que possui, em virtude do baixo consumo interno per capita e das possibilidades de exportação. Para tanto, questões como qualidade e gestão são fundamentais para que o setor possa se desenvolver e atingir esse potencial de crescimento.Uma das atividades técnicas e economicamente promissora do Sistema Agroindustrial (SAG) da Floricultura é a produção de flores de corte. Este estudo centrou-se na primeira etapa dessa atividade, ou seja, na produção rural, pois os reflexos da implementação de conceitos e práticas de gestão no agronegócio nessa etapa, visando à obtenção de produtos de alta qualidade e tempo de vida pós-colheita adequados permeiam o setor como um todo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método para que os produtores de flores de corte possam, de maneira simples e rápida, identificar o grau gerencial de suas atividades e possibilitar a adoção dos fundamentos, critérios e práticas de gestão da qualidade que resultem na estruturação de seu negócio como uma empresa organizada. Para desenvolvê-lo, foram adotados os critérios preconizados pela Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (FNQ) como linha mestra de seleção, priorização e hierarquização dos temas e indicadores gerenciais a serem adotados no novo método.Por meio de metodologias específicas para coleta de dados primários e secundários, e utilizando-se a técnica Delphi para priorizar e hierarquizar parâmetros de gestão da empresa agrícola delineou-se um questionário que foi aplicado a 41 especialistas do setor de flores de corte, pertencentes tanto à iniciativa privada quanto a instituições públicas de pesquisa, desenvolvimento, inovação e extensão rural. Uma vez hierarquizados, aqueles parâmetros foram convertidos em questões objetivas utilizadas na elaboração de um segundo questionário, destinado à aplicação direta nas organizações envolvidas na atividade. Esse questionário, associado a uma tabela de pontuação, indica o grau de maturidade gerencial das organizações bem como as oportunidades de melhoria dos processos. A esse modelo deu-se o nome de Método de Identificação do Grau de Gestão (MIGG). O MIGG foi aplicado a 14 organizações atuantes na atividade de produção de flores de corte no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A consistência das respostas obtidas indica que o método desenvolvido é adequado para identificar e avaliar o grau de gestão na produção de flores de corte de forma rápida e sem custos elevados. / Abstract: Floriculture is considered one of the most important segments of Brazilian agriculture, not only because of significant financial resources involved and the amount of manpower employed, but also for the growing potential it presents, due to low per capita internal consumption and export possibilities. Therefore, questions such as quality and management are fundamental, so that the sector can develop and reach this growth potential.The production of cut flowers is one of the activities of the Agro-Industrial System of Flower culture technically and economically most promising.This study is centred on the first stage of this activity, i.e., the rural production, for reflections of the implementation of concepts and practices of agribusiness management at this stage, aiming at the obtaining of high quality products and adequate post-harvest life span, permeate the sector as a whole.The objective of this paper was to develop a method to be used by producers of cut flowers to identify the managerial degree of their activities and enable them to adopt the fundaments, criteria and practices of quality management, leading them to structure their business as an organized enterprise. The criteria recommended by the National Quality Foundation as the base line to be followed for the selection, establishment of priorities and hierarchy of themes and managerial indicators to be adopted in the new method were used to develop this new method.A questionnaire was compiled using specific methodologies to collect primary and secondary data, plus the Delphi technique which was employed to establish priorities and hierarchy of parameters of the management of an agricultural enterprise. This questionnaire was distributed to 41 experts in the cut flowers sector, both private and belonging to public institutions dedicated to research, development, innovation and rural activities. Once set up the hierarchy of the parameters, they were transformed into objective questions used to construct a second questionnaire to be filled in by the organizations directly involved in the activity. This questionnaire, associated to a score table, indicates the managerial maturity degree of the organizations and points out the opportunities for process improvements. This model was called Management Degree Identification Method (MDIM). The MDIM was applied to 14 organizations involved in the cut flower activity in São Paulo State in Brazil. The consistency in the answers obtained indicates that the method that was developed is adequate to quickly identify and evaluate the management degree in the production of cut flowers at a low cost. / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Orientadores: Maria Angela Fagnani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_CiceroAlexandre_D.pdf: 5359491 bytes, checksum: 85d9823bcfcf799676c4fee678ed8746 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

This thesis aims at developing a conceptual model for supply networks optimization in the floriculture industry in Kenya. In the literature review a detailed account of the evolution of supply chain management, the concept and the factors influencing simultaneous optimization of supply networks in the floriculture industry is given. The area of complex adaptive systems is explored and the link with the floriculture industry in Kenya is shown. A review of current studies is done on the subject of supply chain management and particularly the various conceptual frameworks/models developed by a number of researchers around the world. The supply chain performance measurement and the requirements for model building are also given. The research methodology provides the research paradigm and research design and discusses the justification of the approach taken for the study. The target population consisted of all active cut flower exporting firms by 31st December 2009 as per the information provided by Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA). This target population comprising of 412 active exporters was stratified in terms of: large, International, local, embedded, unimpeded, small and medium scale enterprises. Sampling was done through census sampling technique, in which case the entire population was considered. Data analysis is also discussed including the various tests to be carried out in relation to validity and reliability of data. There is a detailed presentation of principal factor analysis results. Finally there is a detailed discussion on the ethical considerations in the conduct of my data collection and research process. Chapter four outlined the factors that are indeed useful to be considered when designing a conceptual model for managing supply networks for simultaneous optimization. Such factors included: country development; quality of inputs; financing; customer responsiveness; research and development. Also discussed are the factors that contribute to overall organizational performance which in this case included: return on trading investment, overall operational costs, overall productivity growth rates and outsourcing activities and decisions. The triple bottom line benefits encompassing environmental vi audit, financial audit and social audit have also been discussed in relation to country specific benefits in relation to the floriculture industry in Kenya. The revised conceptual model for simultaneous optimisation of supply networks in the floriculture industry is presented consisting of: key success factors; financing; information integration; country specific benefits; transport; research and development. These are the factors which contribute to enhancing performance of the floriculture industry in Kenya. The conclusion and recommendations of the study are made on the basis of these factors. / Business Management / D.B.L. (Business Leadership)

<p>Nitrogen (N) is one of the major nutrient elements that affects growth, development, and quality of floriculture crops. Both sub-optimal and supra-optimal levels of N can negatively affect crop growth. In addition, over- fertilization may cause run-off and leaching of the N fertilizer leading to environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain optimal N level in plant tissue to produce good quality crops and increase productivity. This requires regular monitoring and measurement of plant N status. Laboratory analysis, the only direct method available to measure tissue N content, is destructive of plant tissue and expensive. Other available indirect methods are laborious, expensive, and/ or less reliable. In addition to measuring plant N status, it is crucial to understand acclimation responses at biochemical, leaf, and whole-plant levels in floriculture crops to N-deficit conditions. This will aid in developing a mechanistic model of plant responses to sub-optimal levels of N, proper fertilizer guidelines during production, and screening tools for identifying new varieties with tolerance to low-N level in the root zone. Unfortunately, there is limited research on floriculture crops that is simultaneously focused on plant responses at different scales to N-deficit conditions. The objectives of this research were to (i) assess the feasibility of image-based reflectance ratios for estimating tissue N content in poinsettia (Expt. 1), (ii) develop an affordable, remote sensor that can accurately and non-destructively estimate tissue N <a>content</a> in poinsettia (Expt. 2), (iii) study the physiological acclimation at whole-plant, leaf, and biochemical scales in poinsettia cultivars to N-deficit conditions (Expt. 3).</p> <p>In Expt. 1, we compared several spectral ratios based on the ratio of reflectance of near infrared <i>(R₈₇₀)</i> to reflectance of blue (<i>R</i><i>₈₇₀/R₄₅₀</i>), green (<i>R₈₇₀/R₅₂₁</i>), yellow (<i>R₈₇₀/R₅₉₃</i>), red (<i>R₈₇₀/R₆₂₅</i>), hyper-red (<i>R₈₇₀/R₆₆₀</i>), and far-red(<i>R₈₇₀/R₇₃₀</i>) wavelengths from plants<i></i>to measure whole-plant tissue N content in<i></i>four cultivars of poinsettia (<i>Euphorbia pulcherrima</i>) using a multispectral image station. Results indicated the reflectance ratio <i>R₈₇₀/R₆₂₅</i> was most suitable for assessing tissue N content in plants. In Expt. 2, a low-cost remote sensor was developed based on the findings of Expt. 1 that captured red and near-infrared images of plants, from which a reflectance ratio (<i>R_ratio</i>) was developed. The ratio was linearly related to tissue N content in all poinsettia cultivars. Furthermore, <i>R_ratio</i>was found to be more specific to N than to other elements in the tissue and related to the chlorophyll concentration of the plant. In Expt. 3, poinsettia cultivars ‘Jubilee Red’ (‘JR’) and ‘Peterstar Red’ (‘PSR’) displayed different acclimation strategies for physiology and growth under N-deficit conditions. Significantly higher growth was observed in ‘JR’ than in ‘PSR’ in the sub-optimal treatment, which indicates that ‘JR’ is more tolerant to N stress compared to ‘PSR’. Further analyses indicated that N uptake was higher in ‘JR’ than in ‘PSR’ under N-deficit conditions, without any changes in root morphology or growth. This is possible when higher levels of energy are available to transport nitrate and/or ammonia from the substrate into the root cells. Supporting this, significantly higher photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency were observed in ‘JR’ than ‘PSR’ under N-deficit condition. These results shows that higher growth of ‘JR’ than ‘PSR’ under N-deficit conditions was likely due to increased N uptake (likely due to increased energy-driven transporter activity), which increased tissue N and chlorophyll levels. Further, these increases resulted in higher carboxylation efficiency and photosynthesis by ‘JR’ than ‘PSR’. Increased carbohydrate synthesis supported leaf growth and provided required energy in the fine root cells for N uptake from the substrate.</p>

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