A pneumatic particulate collection system harnesses the energy associated with the release of a compressed gas to transport particulate to a collection chamber. In an effort to improve the efficiency of a previously designed collection system, high speed imaging in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was utilized to highlight design deficiencies. Areas of recirculation within the collection device as well as impingement of the sampling surface were observed through the testing and CFD analysis. The basis of the improved collection system was conceived through research of pneumatic transport and the deficiencies found through testing and simulation. An improved rectangular-duct-styled system was designed in three main stages. A variety of filters used to contain the desired particulate were characterized through testing for use in simulations as well as fluids calculations. The improved system was then analyzed utilizing compressible and incompressible flow calculations and design iterations were conducted with CFD to determine the final parameters. The final design was simulated with a multiphase flow model to examine the particulate entrainment performance. The improved collection system efficiently expanded and developed the gas flow prior to the collection area to employ the particulate entrainment process. The final design was constructed with an additive manufacturing process and experimentally tested to validate the simulations and flow calculations. The testing proved that the final design operated purely on particulate entrainment and collected only the top layer of particles as simulated. The improved collection system eliminated all areas of flow recirculation and impingement of the particle bed to provide a more efficient sampling device. / Master of Science

In der Dissertation werden die während der Mahltrocknung von Rohbraunkohle ablaufenden Teilprozesse systematisch analysiert und allgemein gültigen Funktionen für den Stoffumsatz zugeordnet. Es entsteht eine Kenntnisstandmatrix, die ausgewählte Literaturstellen einordnet und unbearbeitete Forschungsfelder offenlegt. Diesbezüglich werden Untersuchungen zum Bewegungsverhalten der Kohle beim Eintritt in das Schlagrad angestellt. Anhand eines neuen Berechnungsmodells und experimenteller Fallversuche lassen sich u.a. Aussagen zur konstruktiven Ausführung der Mühlentür treffen. Weiterhin wird in der Arbeit untersucht, welchen Einfluss Partikelgröße, -dichte und -form der Kohlebestandteile Berge, Xylite und Kohlenstaub auf den Sichtprozess haben. Zur Darstellung der berechneten Trennfunktionen T(vs) dient die stationäre Sinkgeschwindigkeit vs als Trennmerkmal. Abschließend folgt ein Ergebnisvergleich mit Messwerten an einem Modellversuchsstand und an realen Mahltrocknungsanlagen im Kraftwerk.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroBN_TESE.pdf: 1929903 bytes, checksum: 92f40cf4d3b6ab5536ad5ad3d2aa192a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / The present study provides a methodology that gives a predictive character the computer simulations based on detailed models of the geometry of a porous medium. We using the software FLUENT to investigate the flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid through a random fractal medium which simplifies a two-dimensional disordered porous medium representing a petroleum reservoir. This fractal model is formed by obstacles of various sizes, whose size distribution function follows a power law where exponent is defined as the fractal dimension of fractionation Dff of the model characterizing the process of fragmentation these obstacles. They are randomly disposed in a rectangular channel. The modeling process incorporates modern concepts, scaling laws, to analyze the influence of heterogeneity found in the fields of the porosity and of the permeability in such a way as to characterize the medium in terms of their fractal properties. This procedure allows numerically analyze the measurements of permeability k and the drag coefficient Cd proposed relationships, like power law, for these properties on various modeling schemes. The purpose of this research is to study the variability provided by these heterogeneities where the velocity field and other details of viscous fluid dynamics are obtained by solving numerically the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations at pore level and observe how the fractal dimension of fractionation of the model can affect their hydrodynamic properties. This study were considered two classes of models, models with constant porosity, MPC, and models with varying porosity, MPV. The results have allowed us to find numerical relationship between the permeability, drag coefficient and the fractal dimension of fractionation of the medium. Based on these numerical results we have proposed scaling relations and algebraic expressions involving the relevant parameters of the phenomenon. In this study analytical equations were determined for Dff depending on the geometrical parameters of the models. We also found a relation between the permeability and the drag coefficient which is inversely proportional to one another. As for the difference in behavior it is most striking in the classes of models MPV. That is, the fact that the porosity vary in these models is an additional factor that plays a significant role in flow analysis. Finally, the results proved satisfactory and consistent, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the referred methodology for all applications analyzed in this study. / O presente trabalho proporciona uma metodologia que d? um car?ter preditivo ?s simula??es computacionais baseadas em modelos detalhados da geometria porosa de um meio. N?s utilizando o software FLUENT para investigar o escoamento de um fluido newtoniano viscoso atrav?s de um meio fractal aleat?rio que simplifica um meio poroso desordenado bidimensional representando um reservat?rio de petr?leo. Este modelo fractal ? formado por obst?culos de diversos tamanhos, cuja fun??o de distribui??o segue uma lei de pot?ncia, onde o expoente ? definido como sendo a dimens?o fractal de fracionamento Dff do modelo e caracteriza o processo de fragmenta??o desses obst?culos. Eles s?o aleatoriamente dispostos em um canal retangular. O processo de modelagem incorpora conceitos modernos, leis de escala, para analisar a influ?ncia das heterogeneidades encontradas nos campos da porosidade e da permeabilidade de tal maneira que se possa caracterizar o meio em fun??o de suas propriedades fractais. Este procedimento permite analisar numericamente as medidas da permeabilidade k e do coeficiente de arrasto Cd propondo rela??es, tipo lei de pot?ncia, para essas propriedades sobre v?rios esquemas de modelagem. O prop?sito desta pesquisa ? estudar a variabilidade proporcionada por estas heterogeneidades onde o campo de velocidade e outros detalhes da din?mica dos fluidos viscosos s?o obtidos resolvendo numericamente as equa??es da continuidade e de Navier-Stokes no n?vel de poros e observar como a dimens?o fractal de fracionamento do modelo pode afetar as suas propriedades hidrodin?micas. Neste estudo foram consideradas duas classes de modelos, modelos com porosidade constante, MPC, e modelos com porosidade vari?vel, MPV. Os resultados permitiram-nos encontrar rela??es num?ricas entre a permeabilidade, coeficiente de arrasto e os par?metros geom?tricos do modelo. Com base nestes resultados num?ricos propusemos rela??es de escala envolvendo os par?metros relevantes do fen?meno. Nesta pesquisa foram determinadas equa??es anal?ticas para Dff em fun??o dos par?metros geom?tricos dos modelos. Constatamos tamb?m uma rela??o entre a permeabilidade e o coeficiente de arrasto onde uma ? inversamente proporcional ? outra. Quanto ? diferen?a de comportamento ela ? mais marcante nas classes de modelos MPV. Isto ?, o fato da porosidade variar nestes modelos constitui um fator adicional que desempenha um papel significativo na an?lise de fluxo. Finalmente, os resultados encontrados se mostraram consistentes e satisfat?rios, o que demonstra a efic?cia da referida metodologia para todas as aplica??es analisadas nesta pesquisa.

Les écoulements en milieu urbain sont complexes et à l’heure actuelle estimés à l’aide d’outils informatiques. Pourtant, le manque de données expérimentales sur des géométries urbaines rend la validation et l’encadrement de l’utilisation de ces derniers difficile. Cette thèse présente les résultats obtenus sur un modèle physique d’un quartier urbain. La distribution des hauteurs d’eau ainsi que la répartition des débits en sortie du quartier expérimental sont mesurées. Leur étude a mis en évidence certains comportements caractéristiques des écoulements. Les données expérimentales ont été comparées aux simulations numériques générées avec un code 3D (Ansys-Fluent®) et un outil de recherche (Neptune 2D) mis au point durant cette thèse. Ce dernier résout les équations de Barré de Saint Venant 2D à l’aide d’un schéma EVR-DG, associé à une modification des solveurs de Riemann qui rend le code de calcul well-balanced.Les écarts observés entre Ansys-Fluent® et l’expérimental sont majoritairement en-dessous de 10%. Le code Neptune 2D apparait quant à lui légèrement moins précis : les écarts peuvent atteindre 20 à 30%. Diverses hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer ces écarts. / This study deals with urban floods. Nowadays, numerical tools are used to simulate those complex flows. Nevertheless, the lack of experimental make the validation of the softwares difficult. This work presents experimental results of an urban flood physical model. The water height and the outflows at every outlet are measured and compared to numerical results. This study highlights some observed specificities of urban flows. In order to simulate those flows, a numerical tool (Neptune 2D) was developed during this PhD to solve the 2D shallow water equations with an EVR-DG scheme. Modifications of the Riemann solvers lead to a wellbalanced scheme. Numerical results were also provided with a 3D software (Ansys-Fluent®). Differences between Ansys-Fluent® and experimental results are mainly under 10%. Neptune2D is less accurate, with differences reaching 20 to 30%. Some hypotheses are discussed to explain those discrepencies.

The main objective of this Master´s thesis is the appropriate calculation proposal of pressure and discharge conditions in extensive ducts in unsteady flow. The calculation proposal was aimed at the conenction of two commercial programmes. Exacly the programme Ansis Fluent and Matlab, which deals with the connection of onedimensional (1D) calculation in Matlab and multidimensional (2D) calculation in Ansys Fluent programme. This Mastr’s thesis also deals with creation of the independent 1D model (Matlab, method of characteristic) and independent 2D model flow (Ansys Fluent, Inviscid model).

In der Dissertation werden die während der Mahltrocknung von Rohbraunkohle ablaufenden Teilprozesse systematisch analysiert und allgemein gültigen Funktionen für den Stoffumsatz zugeordnet. Es entsteht eine Kenntnisstandmatrix, die ausgewählte Literaturstellen einordnet und unbearbeitete Forschungsfelder offenlegt. Diesbezüglich werden Untersuchungen zum Bewegungsverhalten der Kohle beim Eintritt in das Schlagrad angestellt. Anhand eines neuen Berechnungsmodells und experimenteller Fallversuche lassen sich u.a. Aussagen zur konstruktiven Ausführung der Mühlentür treffen. Weiterhin wird in der Arbeit untersucht, welchen Einfluss Partikelgröße, -dichte und -form der Kohlebestandteile Berge, Xylite und Kohlenstaub auf den Sichtprozess haben. Zur Darstellung der berechneten Trennfunktionen T(vs) dient die stationäre Sinkgeschwindigkeit vs als Trennmerkmal. Abschließend folgt ein Ergebnisvergleich mit Messwerten an einem Modellversuchsstand und an realen Mahltrocknungsanlagen im Kraftwerk.

The Savonius turbine is a self-starting vertical axis turbine that has a few advantages compared to other vertical axis turbines such as lower cost, lower noise and is relatively easy to manufacture. This turbine does however have a lower efficiency and is therefore less used in the electricity production than other turbines.  This thesis is trying to tackle this problem with the use of 2D CFD-simulations of flow directors to modify the flow through the turbine to increase the efficiency. The focus during this project is to use this turbine as a Marine Current Turbine (MCT) in unidirectional flows. The turbine was based on a turbine design from a previous study at Uppsala University. The design of the flow directors was modeled with the intention to increase the available pressure drop from the front to the back of the turbine and therefore increase the velocity through the turbine. The flow directors comprised of two arcs on each side of the turbine so that they resembled a Venturi-tunnel, with a funnel in the front and a diffuser at the back. A validation of the domain dimensions and mesh-size was conducted and after this the different parameters of the flow directors were varied one at a time with the best value of a given parameter being kept for the latter simulations. At the end, the rotational velocity of the turbine was varied to find how sensitive the power output was based on this factor. This study concluded that an increase in the power coefficient of about 3,2 times was achievable compared to the same turbine in free flow. However, this needs to be further investigated and validated in real world tests as this study was conducted using 2D-simulations and other effects may influence the results in the real world. / <p>This project was conducted within Stand up for wind and Stand up for energy.</p>

Batteries play an important role in a sustainable future. As the development for better andsmarter batteries continues, new areas of use emerge boosting its demand. Controlling thetemperature of a battery cell is a vital objective to ensure its longevity and performance. Bothcooling and heating methods can be applied to keep the temperature within a certain rangedepending on its need. This study will review the technical aspects of lithium-ion batteries,observe the different thermal management systems and cooling methods, and lastly examinethe required cooling flow needed for a battery cell to prevent its temperature from rising tocritical levels during its discharge. Using CFD ANSYS Fluent as a simulation tool, the resultsshow that different charging rates, in terms of C-rate, require different rates of mass flow tocontrol the temperature. Simulating the cell with natural convection, the cell peaks at hightemperatures even at lower C-rates, reaching up to 36,4°C and 48,8°C for 1C and 2C,respectively. Applying the cooling method with a flow rate of 0,0077kg/s reduces thetemperature significantly, resulting in temperatures of 26,95°C and 31,27°C for 1C and 2C,respectively.

Energy storage development is an important step for the energy transition, meanwhile Lithium-ion battery is the most common core component of electric vehicles. Over the past decade, investment has been poured into lithium-ion battery production, as a result, the production environment (Clean &amp; Dry room) used for some processes such as Stacking, Electrolyte filling and so on and the energy consumption to maintain this special environment which precise control of air humidity and air cleanliness have become major concerns. In this study, only one production process is concerned: electrolyte filling. During this process, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) are the substance that affects air quality, also it is the reason that no air recovery in this Clean&amp;Dry room before investigating the air quality, which leads to huge energy consumption for treating 100% fresh air.  The main purpose of this thesis is studying the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) distribution in the Clean&amp;Dry room with electrolyte filling activity to check whether the air quality is good enough to be recycled. This part of the study was approached by combining ANSYS FLUENT and the onsite measurement. A secondary objective is studying the energy-saving of dehumidification system with air recirculation system, meanwhile do the environmental analysis and cost analysis. In the end, in order to safely recycle the air in the Clean&amp;Dry room, the Building Automation System should be installed solve the worst case scenario. The conclusions drawn in this study include the Electrolyte Filling machine forms a ”negative pressure room” which means the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) generated from the machine is not likely spreading to the room, and the energy-saving, carbon footprint decreasing, energy cost and the cost of Building Automation System were provided. / Utveckling av energilagring är ett viktigt steg för energiomställningen, samtidigt är litiumjonbatterier den vanligaste nyckelkomponenten i elfordon. Under det senaste decenniet har investeringar gjorts i produktion av litiumjonbatterier, som ett resultat av produktionsmiljön (Rent &amp; torrt rum) som används för vissa processer som stapling, elektrolytfyllning och så vidare och energiförbrukningen för att upprätthålla denna speciell miljö där exakt kontroll av luftfuktighet och luftrenhet har blivit ett stort problem. I denna studie berörs endast en produktionsprocess: elektrolytfyllning. Under denna process är flyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC) ämnet som påverkar luftkvaliteten, vilket också är anledningen till att ingen luftåtervinning i detta rena&amp;torra rum innan man undersöker luftkvaliteten, vilket leder till enorm energiförbrukning för behandling av 100% frisk luft.  Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att studera distributionen av flyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC) i Clean&amp;Dry-rummet med elektrolytfyllningsaktivitet för att kontrollera om luftkvaliteten är tillräckligt bra för att kunna återvinnas. Denna del av studien togs fram genom att kombinera ANSYS FLUENT och mätningen på plats. Ett sekundärt mål är att studera energibesparing av avfuktningssystem med luftcirkulationssystem, samtidigt gjorde miljöanalys och kostnadsanalys. I slutändan, för att säkert återvinna luften i Clean&amp;Dry-rummet, bör Building Automation System implementeras för att lösa det värsta scenariot. Slutsatserna som dras i den här studien inkluderar att elektrolytfyllningsmaskinen bildar ett ”negativt tryckrum” vilket betyder att de flyktiga organiska föreningarna (VOC) som genereras från maskinen sannolikt inte sprider sig till rummet, och det energibesparande, koldioxidavtrycket minskar, energi kostnaden och kostnaden för Building Automation System tillhandahölls.

In der numerischen Strömungssimulation (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) stellt die Berechnungsgeschwindigkeit einen kritischen Faktor dar. Insbesondere bei transienten Berechnungen oder bei der Simulation von umfangreichen Modellen können Berechnungen auf Hochleistungsrechnern mit mehreren hundert Kernen schnell zu einer zeitintensiven Aufgabe werden, die Tage oder sogar Wochen in Anspruch nimmt. Der Vortrag bietet einen detaillierten Einblick in die Möglichkeiten der GPU-Beschleunigung in Ansys Fluent und beleuchtet das Potenzial dieser innovativen Technologie. Zu Beginn wird der neue GPU-Solver in Ansys Fluent vorgestellt. Dieser Gleichungslöser nutzt die Rechenkapazität von Grafikprozessoren (GPUs), um CFD-Berechnungen durch extreme Parallelisierung effizienter durchzuführen als herkömmliche CPU-basierte Solver. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil dieser Methode ist die signifikante Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs und der Hardware-Investitionskosten. Im Anschluss werden Benchmarks von CPU- gegenüber GPU-basierten Lösungen anhand verschiedener Anwendungsfälle präsentiert. Diese Benchmarks verdeutlichen die Leistungsfähigkeit und Effizienz von GPU-Solvern im Vergleich zu CPU-Solvern. So kann beispielsweise die Außenumströmung eines Fahrzeugs mit dem Coupled GPU Solver zehnmal schneller auf einer Nvidia A100 GPU berechnet werden als auf herkömmlicher HPC-Hardware mit 48 Kernen. Der Vortrag bietet auch einen Überblick über den aktuellen Funktionsumfang und die zukünftige Entwicklungsroadmap von Ansys Fluent. Dies gibt einen Einblick in die aktuellen Funktionen des Tools und die geplanten Entwicklungen für die Zukunft. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt sind die Lizenz- und Hardwareanforderungen. Dies hilft, die notwendigen Ressourcen für die Implementierung dieser Technologie in eigenen Projekten zu verstehen. Abschließend bietet der Vortrag einen Ausblick auf die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) für CFD. Mit der fortschreitenden Entwicklung der KI-Technologie eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten für die Verbesserung und Beschleunigung von CFD-Berechnungen. Insgesamt bietet der Vortrag einen umfassenden Überblick über die Anwendung von GPU-Beschleunigung in moderner CFD-Software und die zukünftigen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich. / Calculation speed is a critical factor in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Especially for transient calculations or the simulation of extensive models, calculations on high-performance computers with several hundred cores can quickly become a time-consuming task that takes days or even weeks. The presentation offers a detailed insight into the possibilities of GPU acceleration in Ansys Fluent and highlights the potential of this innovative technology. At the beginning, the new GPU solver in Ansys Fluent will be introduced. This solver uses the computing power of graphics processing units (GPUs) to perform CFD calculations more efficiently than conventional CPU-based solvers through extreme parallelization. An additional advantage of this method is the significant reduction in energy consumption and hardware investment costs. Subsequently, benchmarks of CPU- versus GPU-based solutions will be presented based on different use cases. These benchmarks illustrate the performance and efficiency of GPU solvers compared to CPU solvers. For example, the external airflow of a vehicle can be calculated ten times faster with the Coupled GPU Solver on an Nvidia A100 GPU than on conventional HPC hardware with 48 cores. The presentation will also provide an overview of the current range of functions and the future development roadmap.