Zugl.: Jena, Univ., Magisterarbeit, 2004 / Hergestellt on demand

"Ich werde ganz einfach telegraphieren" — Subjekte, Telegraphie, Autonomie und Fortschritt in Theodor Fontanes Gesellschaftsromanen Electronic media influence our thoughts and behaviours. Our present situation resembles that of the industrial world in the late nineteenth century, when electrical telegraphy, the precursor of today's media technologies, gained a dominant position in telecommunications. In our day, conditioning prevents us from reaching a deeper understanding of our relationship to technical media. Because electrical media were still new in the late nineteenth century, observers then were more readily able to analyse their effects and to recognize potentials of subjects in their accounts. In Germany the writer Theodor Fontane demonstrated through depictions in his late novels of society that, by reflecting on the nature of the self and its relation to telegraphy and concomitant ideologies, subjects have the capacity to become aware not only of factors that control them, but also of their autonomous potentials. This consciousness provides the basis for their self-empowerment in the use of telegraphy. However, because Fontane critically depicts Wilhelminian society, his protagonists only attain this level of Consciousness in isolated instances. Its realisation is continuously achieved through Fontane's narrative depiction and its reconstruction by the readers. The image of the subject and its potentials that emerges in this reconstruction provides valuable insights applicable also to evaluations of our present media involvement. Contrary to a wide-spread belief as to subjects'powerlessness and insignificance, our findings imply that the position of subjects in relation to media can be described more positively. Fontane's depiction is concentrated in three identifiable areas, in which the conjunction of telegraphy and ideology exerts a controlling influence on subjects. In accordance with this focus our study examines the views of nature and technology as fateful forces, the alteration of time- and space experiences, and the construction of German, foreign and technical cultures. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

<p>In this master’s thesis, I write about different representations of crime and criminal literature in the German-speaking world of the 19th century, a genre that was mainly attributed to an entertainment function at the time, but which nevertheless, as I shall show, allows insights into social ills and problematic characters in context. Here, there are interesting developments from late Romanticism or Biedermeier to Realism or even to the roots of Expressionism. Guilt and punishment are regarded as primary moments for this genre. In my master’s thesis, I would like to try to show that not enough attention has been paid to this genre by literary studies, but also by law. I will look into the question of where the tension of this genre lies in the aforementioned environment, and I will point out why this was the case and what this literature has lacked in detail.</p> <p>In the first chapter, I start with the beginnings and their historical development, covering a period from the beginning to almost the end of the 19th century and divide its differentiations into phases. My observations are based on Jorg Schönert’s “historical sketch” (ca. 1770 – 1920) (Schönert, “Zur Ausdifferzierung des Genres Kriminalgeschichten“, 97). In addition, I mention various important crime stories that preceded my selection. The selected works are arranged in each of the relevant literary epochs (Romanticism/Biedermeier and Poetic Realism), with which I attempt to highlight their specific characteristics and their detective elements. Due to the moral and psychological embodiment, as well as the social circumstances, the crimes are in some phases of the history of the genres more and in others less emphasized, and I attempt to analyze in each exemplary work by comparing these texts and according to certain criteria.</p> <p>The second chapter deals with theoretical approaches, in particular with hermeneutics or how to “read” facts. I also investigate the literary sociological question of which prototype of perpetrators the authors create in their works and examine them for their psychological features. My text, which is classified in the context of the genre, examines the developments of the crime novel and clarifies the changing criminological aspects, as well as analyzes the positions of different research approaches to the criminal justice system, which can be identified or explored from different angles of these literary examples.</p> <p>The third chapter begins with a brief overview of the six books in question. The main characters are then discussed further, which I have divided into criminals, victims, and accomplices. Because of this centrality in the books, most emphasis is placed on the criminals, with a close look at their motives, the way they plan and carry out the crime, how they endure the investigation, and finally, whether and to what extent they feel remorse for their actions. “<i>Die Judenbuche</i>” is treated separately here because of the much stronger social component and the environment, as well as the open-ended description of the crimes and the perpetrators. Victims and accomplices tend to be marginalized in the books studied here, with women being the only accomplices whose consciences suffer because of their role. Finally, the moral compass and guilt of the perpetrators are examined in relation to their social and material situation, their family, and their religion.</p> The final chapter focuses on the differences between the modern crime stories and their precursors, which have been studied here. I try to define and carefully delineate the main components of a successful and appealing crime story through the lens of several internationally known examples of world literature. There are parallels to the older German authors treated in this thesis, who also have implications for the artistic elements of the books in comparison to simple entertainment. My main focus is on the plot, the length of the books, the investigations and the detectives, and their methods of solving the crime. These German authors tended to write short works, short stories or novellas that allowed little space for complex stories or lengthy novels. They must be unraveled even more powerfully or efficiently by brilliant detectives and very attentive readers due to the brevity of the works. As the texts are structured stringently, the actions are simple and rather uncomplicated. The detectives practically do not exist as a kind of institution, but rather on the periphery. Crimes that are always solved seem to serve both legal and moral justice and ultimately satisfy the expectations of readers. Finally, I discuss the stylistic characteristics of those early crime novels compared to what readers are used to seeing or expecting today.

This dissertation argues that the interpretive framework from which Fontane's Effi Briest is commonly approached limits discussion to metropolitan core culture and fails to address Fontane's path-breaking accomplishment. After outlining limitations of some prominent approaches to Effi Briest in chapter one, my next four chapters explore alternative reading strategies that instead situate the novel in the imperial context of the new German state inflected by transnational relations and problematize the tendency to see Germany as a space territorially and culturally homogenized and stable. Chapter two reads the novel through Foucault's notion of heterotopia to demonstrate Fontane's heterotopic strategies as a counter-model to the monolithic mapping of novelistic space. In chapters three and four I use Bakhtin's chronotopic strategies to show how Fontane "fuses together" fictional time and space into a productive force for depicting society in motion and change. I demonstrate how this "spatial turn" breaks with the traditional time-paradigm and opens up space for polyphony and dialogism. Chapter five discusses Fontane's Wanderungen contrapuntally to draw attention to Fontane's counter-strategies, which break with the master narrative in favor of small-scale ones, to show their relevance for Effi Briest. The rest of my dissertation focuses on the novel's Eastern Pomeranian/Kessin-based chapters. Chapter six addresses the spatial arrangement of Hinterpommern from the viewpoint of the ruling elites. Chapter seven treats Kessin as a hybridized "third space" that both resists the dominant and represents an unstable and ambiguous alternative to paralyzing dichotomies of opposites. I also look into Hinterpommern as a contested space between Germans and Poles - and their competing claims over the Kasubians, inhabitants of the strategically important Baltic area. In chapter eight I show how the Polish margins impinge on Fontane's fictional representation of Prussia and are articulated in both the content and structure of Effi Briest. In chapter nine I discuss Fontane's representation of Polish/Slavic-hyphenated characters in terms of their different responses/resistance to anti-Slav/Polish prejudices and measures. In revealing the creative and transformative powers of margins this dissertation models alternative ways of approaching canonical writers and contributes to the transnationalization of German studies in particular and cultural studies in general.

[EN] The thesis is focused on the monastery of San Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, internationally recognized as the masterpiece of the great Baroque architect Francesco Borromini (1599-1667). In this work, which occupied most of his career until his death, all the principles of his architecture are collected and summarizes his professional career. The small and humble community of Spanish Discalced Trinitarians arrived in Rome in 1609, entrusted the architect the construction of its new headquarters in Rome in 1634 who took charge without claiming any compensation. The monastery stands as an architectural jewel of the Baroque and represents the living spirit of this Order that has been transmitted by Borromini in the project, and later imitated and completed by architect Alessandro Sperone. Although the convent was designed by Borromini as a unit and as a single project, the complex was built in different phases functionally independent based on the available economic resources. In this way and over the years it gradually took shape, first with the construction of the quarto del dormitorio later with the cloister and its attached dependences and, finally, with the construction of the church, which facade would not be completed until 1676, after the death of Borromini. Therefore, the integral construction of Borromini's project spanned more than forty years since the foundation stone. This logic programming construction in phases allowed the acquisition of various properties that constituted the original site, as well as the relocation of the friars in other areas as construction progressed. Thirty years after completing the Borromini's project and since the community had grown significantly in recent years, the Trinitarian Fathers decided to extend the convent. The new project, which construction began in 1710 and has never been studied, involved the addition of a new L-shaped wing and a covered walkway that hugged the old orange garden. However, the XVIII century expansion not unduly separated in time with Borromini project, caused numerous formal and functional alterations in the first complex. From the study of archival documentation - unpublished to date - this research reconstructs the evolution and the original configuration of the entire monastery complex, establishing a unitary and unusual overview which highlights the architects and technicians involved, the materials and techniques used and the architectural, constructive and formal aspects of the XVIII century enlargement and the Borromini's project, to which remains indissolubly linked. / [ES] La tesis doctoral se centra en el complejo conventual de San Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, reconocida internacionalmente como la obra maestra del gran arquitecto del barroco Francesco Borromini (1599-1667). En esta obra, que le ocupó casi toda su carrera hasta su muerte, se recogen todos los principios de su arquitectura y se resume su trayectoria artística. La pequeña y humilde comunidad de Trinitarios Descalzos españoles llegada a Roma en 1609, confió en 1634 al arquitecto la construcción de su nueva sede en Roma, quien asumió el encargo sin pretender compensación alguna. El convento se erige como una joya arquitectónica del barroco y como la expresión viva del espíritu de esta Orden que ha sido transmitido por Borromini en el proyecto, y más tarde imitado y completado con la ampliación llevada a cabo en 1710 por el también arquitecto Alessandro Sperone. A pesar de que el conjunto diseñado por Borromini fue afrontado desde el principio como un proyecto unitario, el complejo se construyó en distintas fases funcionalmente independientes en base a los recursos económicos disponibles. De este modo y con el transcurso de los años fue paulatinamente adquiriendo forma, primero con la construcción del cuarto del dormitorio, más tarde con la del claustro y sus dependencias anejas y, por último, con la construcción de la iglesia, cuya fachada sin embargo no sería completada hasta 1676, después de la desaparición de Borromini. Así, la construcción integral del convento borrominiano abarcó más de cuarenta años desde la puesta de la primera piedra. Esta lógica programación de la construcción en varias fases permitió acompasarla a la adquisición de las diferentes propiedades que constituirían el solar original, así como a la reubicación de los frailes en otras dependencias según iba avanzando la construcción. Apenas treinta años después de concluirse la fábrica borrominiana y puesto que la comunidad había crecido notablemente en los últimos años, los Padres Trinitarios decidieron ampliar el convento para dotarlo de nuevos ambientes. Este nuevo proyecto, cuya construcción se inició en 1710 y cuyo estudio no ha sido nunca abordado, consistió en la adición de una nueva ala en forma de ele y de un pasaje cubierto que abrazaban el antiguo jardín de naranjos. Sin embargo, la ampliación setechentesca, no distanciada en el tiempo excesivamente del proyecto de Borromini, provocó numerosas alteraciones formales y funcionales en la fábrica borrominiana. A partir del estudio de la documentación de archivo relativa a la ampliación de la fábrica y al proyecto borrominiano - inédita hasta la fecha - la presente investigación reconstruye la evolución y la configuración original de todo el complejo conventual, estableciendo una visión unitaria e insólita de conjunto que pone en evidencia los artífices implicados, los materiales y técnicas utilizadas y los aspectos arquitectónicos, constructivos y formales de la ampliación setechentesca, así como de la fábrica borrominiana, a la que queda indisolublemente ligada. / [CA] La tesi doctoral se centra en el complex conventual de Sant Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, reconeguda internacionalment com l'obra mestra del gran arquitecte del barroc Francesco Borromini (1599-1667). En aquesta obra, que li va ocupar gairebé tota la seva carrera fins a la mort, es recullen tots els principis de la seva arquitectura i es resumeix la seva trajectòria artística. La petita i humil comunitat de Trinitaris Descalços espanyols arribada a Roma en 1609, va confiar en 1634 a l'arquitecte la construcció de la seva nova seu a Roma, qui va assumir l'encàrrec sense pretendre cap compensació. El convent s'erigeix com una joia arquitectònica del barroc i com l'expressió viva de l'esperit d'aquesta Ordre que ha estat transmès per Borromini en el projecte, i més tard imitat i completat amb l'ampliació començada en 1710 pel també arquitecte Alessandro Sperone. Tot i que el conjunt dissenyat per Borromini va ser afrontat des del principi com un projecte unitari, el complex es va construir en diferents fases funcionalment independents en base als recursos econòmics disponibles. D'aquesta manera i amb el transcurs dels anys va adquirint forma gradualment, primer amb la construcció del quarto del dormitori, més tard amb la del claustre i les seves dependències annexes i, finalment, amb la construcció de l'església, la façana però no seria completada fins 1676, després de la desaparició de Borromini. Així, la construcció integral del convent borrominiano va durar més de quaranta anys des de la posada de la primera pedra. Aquesta lògica programació de la construcció en diverses fases va permetre compassar-la a l'adquisició de les diferents propietats que constituirien el solar original, així com a la reubicació dels frares en altres dependències segons anava avançant la construcció. Trenta anys després de concloure la fàbrica borrominiana i ja que la comunitat havia crescut notablement en els últims anys, els Pares Trinitaris van decidir ampliar el convent per dotar-lo de nous ambients. Aquest nou projecte - que es va iniciar a construir l'any 1710 i que no ha estat mai estudiat - va consistir en l'addició d'una nova ala en forma d'ela i d'un passatge cobert que abraçaven l'antic jardí de tarongers. No obstant això, l'ampliació setechentesca, no distanciada en el temps excessivament del projecte de Borromini, va provocar nombroses alteracions formals i funcionals en la fàbrica borrominiana. A partir de l'estudi de la documentació d'arxiu relativa a l'ampliació de la fàbrica i al projecte borrominiano - inèdita fins a la data - la present investigació reconstrueix l'evolució i la configuració original de tot el complex conventual, establint una visió unitària i insòlita de conjunt que posa en evidència els artífexs implicats, els materials i tècniques utilitzades i els aspectes arquitectònics, constructius i formals de l'ampliació setechentesca, així com de la fàbrica borrominiana, a la qual queda indissolublement lligada. / Grau Fernández, M. (2015). San Carlino Alle Quattro Fontane: La ampliación del siglo XVIII [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59225

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Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Augsburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Le présent travail propose une interprétation psychanalytique de l’œuvre de l’écrivain réaliste allemand Theodor Fontane (1819 1898). À la lumière de la théorie freudienne et des thèses de Béla Grunberger sur le narcissisme, nous montrons ce que sont les ressorts et les enjeux inconscients de la création littéraire, chez cet auteur, laquelle, dans son principe, reproduit le schème de la position fantasmatique régressive que ménageait la grande passion ludique de l’enfant, le jeu de cache cache selon un mode spécifique. Partant du constat de la structure obsessionnelle des romans, notre étude met en évidence, dans un premier livre, l’existence, « sous » la fable sociale récurrente de la liaison amoureuse illicite, sanctionnée (adultère et relations équivalentes), d’un singulier scénario s’articulant autour de la dynamique du « pseudo Œdipe », que décrit Grunberger (procédure d’évitement, à des fins de régression), et du mécanisme de la défense masochique. L’analyse de ce « mythe personnel » (Mauron), comme situation dramatique interne, nous amène à dégager les traits particuliers des éléments constitutifs de la personnalité psychique de Fontane (imagos et instances), puis à établir la genèse de sa position « pseudo œdipienne » et à faire ressortir le rapport qui la lie au processus de création (« rétablissement narcissique »). Les résultats acquis sont passés au révélateur de la vie de l’écrivain. Dans un second livre, nous nous penchons, tour à tour, sur les divers aspects essentiels de l’œuvre, réexaminés sous le nouvel éclairage apporté : fonctionnalité de l’ambivalence, conception du réalisme « poétique » (transfigurateur), recherche de la conciliation des principes contraires, écriture comme la pratique d’un jeu de cache cache (questions du dialogisme, de la stratégie narrative, du symbolisme). La dernière partie est consacrée à l’étude de la problématique cardinale de la régression narcissique, à laquelle tout mène, ici : instrumentalisation du complexe de la faute et de la sanction, à visée autodestructrice, dans une tension vers la mort fantasmée comme le retour à l’état de félicité du séjour au sein originel. / This study offers a psychoanalytical interpretation of the works of Theodor Fontane (1819 1898), the German realist writer. In the light of the Freudian theory and of Béla Grunberger’s theses on narcissism, we show the unconscious motivations which gave rise to this author’s literary creation and what is at stake in this process for him. The act of writing is based here on the principle of reproducing the scheme of the fantastical regressive position which was generated by Fontane’s strong passion as a child for the game of hide and seek, which he played in his own specific way. Considering the obsessive structure of his novels, in our first book we demonstrate the existence — “beneath” the ever present social dictum of the forbidden love affair that is always to be punished (adultery and similar relationships) — of a particular scenario revolving around the dynamic of the “pseudo Oedipus”, as described by Grunberger (avoidance procedure aiming at regression) and the mechanism of masochistic defense. The analysis of this “personal myth” (Mauron), as an inner dramatic situation, leads us, first, to unearth the specific features of the elements which make up Fontane’s psychic personality (imagoes and agencies), and then to establish the genesis of his “pseudo oedipal” position and to highlight its link with the creative process (“narcissistic restoration”). Our results are substantiated through the writers’s biography. In the second book we deal with the essential aspects of Fontane’s work, which we re examine thanks to what we have brought to light: the functionality of ambivalence, the conception of transfigurating “poetic” realism, the attempt to reconcile opposite principles and writing as a game of hide and seek (dialogism, narrative strategy, symbolism). The last part of our study is devoted to the cardinal issue of narcissistic regression to which everything leads: mainly the instrumentation of the complex of guilt and retribution with a self destructing aim in a tropism towards death fantasized as a return to the original state of bliss in the womb.

Zielsetzung der vorliegenden literaturwissenschaftlichen Studie ist es, einige Romanfiguren in Fontanes Roman Effi Briest (Ersterscheinung im Jahr 1896) im Spiegel der protestantischen Ethik näher zu betrachten und dabei Verständnis für ihr Agieren und für ihre Mentalität zu bewirken. Wissenschaftlicher Ansatz der Studie ist die diskurstheoretische Analyse mit Fokus auf die Interdiskurstheorie. Diese Studie hat die Hypothese formuliert, die sagt, dass die situations- und ortsbedingte Interpretation von Religion sich zum moralischen Verständnis entwickelt, die sich im sozialen Handeln als ausschlaggebend für die jeweilige Entwicklung der Einzelnen zeigt. Um diese Hypothese zu bestätigen, hat die Studie drei zentrale Fragestellungen in den disziplinären Untergruppen Literaturwissenschaft, Soziologie und Soziokultur ausgearbeitet. Erkenntnisfortschritte dieser drei disziplinären Untergruppen werden in einer längeren und thematisch zugeordneten Analyse, miteinander und im fließenden Text verbunden, um so einen interdisziplinaren fachlichen Zusammenhang zu bilden. Am Leitgedanken der Hypothese dieser Studie orientiert, wird belegt, dass Verständnis von Religion und Kultur nicht voneinander getrennt zu verstehen sind und dass die Romanfiguren in Effi Briest, dementsprechend, ein moralisches Verständnis erwirken, mit eine für sich perspektivierende Sicht der Wirklichkeit, durch die sie im sozialen Kontext agieren. Die Studie belegt auch, dass das normengeleitete und normenorientierte Handeln der Romanfiguren in Effi Briest, durch einen normenprüfenden Diskurs an Geltung gewinnt und dass ethische Diskurse, so als Prozesse der sprachlichen Erzeugung von Realität zu verstehen sind, die aus moralischen Begründungen und moralischen Einsichten entstehen.